三级笔译综合能力.doc

译法：1定语从句的前置合译法：On the whole, such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence, but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须具备两个条件：能够假定这个孩子对测试的态度和与他比较的另一些孩子的态度相同；他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子已掌握的有关知识而被扣分。 2定语从句的前置合译法与后置分译法：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development.译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took roots in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.译文：希腊人认为，语言结构与思维能力过程之间存在着某种联系。这一观点在人们尚未认识到语言的千差万别以前就早已在欧洲扎下了根。3定语从句的溶合变译法；This assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature; actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.(48 words)译文：这种假设是依据这样的一种谬论：人的本性中存在天生的惰性。而实际上，除了特别懒惰的人以外，几乎没有人愿意挣只相当于最低生活维持费的钱，也没有人愿意饱食终日、无所事事。定语从句翻译练习：1. Prior to the twentieth century, women in novels were stereotypes of lacking any features that made them unique individuals and were also subject to numerous restrictions imposed by the male-dominated culture.在20世纪以前, 小说中的妇女像都是一个模式。她们没有任何特点, 因而无法成为具有个性的人; 他们还要屈从于由男性主宰的文化传统强加给他们的种种束缚。2. Aluminum remained unknown until the nineteenth century, because nowhere in nature is it found free, owing to its always being combined with other elements, most commonly with oxygen, for which it has a strong affinity.铝总是跟其他元素结合在一起, 最普遍的是跟氧结合; 因为铝跟氧有很强的亲和力, 由于这个原因, 在自然界找不到游离状态的铝。所以, 铝直到19世纪才被人发现。3. They (the poor) are the first to experience technological progress as a curse which destroys the old muscle-power jobs that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty.对于以往几代人来说, 旧式的体力劳动是一种用以摆脱贫困的手段, 而技术的进步则摧毁了穷人赖以为生的体力劳动, 因此首先体验到技术进步之害的是穷人。4. The number of the young people in the United States who cant read is incredible about one in four.大约有1/4的美国青年人没有阅读能力, 这简直令人难以置信。（前置译法）第二节 语法及词汇练习、定语从句长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解讲解回顾也是一种前瞻 Reviewing is preparing us for the future第二部分 定语从句长难句成分分析及翻译练习5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programs which are both instructive and entertaining. 人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到既有教育意义又有娱乐性的层出不穷的新节目。（后置译法）6. Taking his cue from Ibsens A Dolls House, in which the heroine, Nora, leaves home because she resents her husbands treating her like a child, the writer Lu Xun warned that Nora would need money to support herself; she must have economic rights to survive.易卜生的剧作玩偶之家中的女主人公娜拉离家出走, 因为她憎恶她的丈夫像对待孩子一样来对待她。作家鲁迅从中得到启示, 从而告诫人们娜拉得需要钱来养活自己, 她要生存就必须有经济上的权利。（句首译法）7. That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted. 那种性别比例能在最大程度上增加一个个体所能拥有的后代数量，并因此能在最大程度上增加所传递到后代身上去的基因复制品的数量。（倒装、定从使用）8. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis. 随着爆发出来的运动的结束，再体液中乳酸含量会变得很高，使得大型动物处于容易受到攻击的状态，直到乳酸通过有氧新陈代谢，被肝脏转化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下来又会（部分）传送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。9. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. 虽然古特曼承认，由于奴隶买卖而造成的被迫离散甚为频繁，但他还是证明，奴隶的偏爱在那些奴隶买卖并不频繁的种植园上被最为显著地揭示出来在很大程度上侧重于稳定的一夫一妻制。10. This preference for exogamy，Gutman suggests，may have derived from West African rules governing marriage，which，though they differed from one tribal group to another，all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. 古特曼表示，这种对于外部通婚的偏爱很有可能缘起于西部非洲制约着婚姻的规定，尽管这些规定在一个和另一个部落群体之间不尽相同，但都涉及到某种对近亲联姻（union with close kin）的禁止。第二部分 非谓语动词难点讲解独立主格与非谓语动词：独立主格独立主格的结构一： 名词（代词）+ 分词 现在分词、过去分词Silver is the best conductor of electricity, copper _ it closely.A followed B following C to follow D being followedAll things _, the planned trip will have to be called off.A considered B be considered C considering D having considered独立主格的结构2：with + 名词（代词）+ 分词 句子当中作状语After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on expanding education, with girls as well as boys _ to go to school.A to be encouraged B been encouraged C being encouraged D be encouraged非谓语动词非谓语动词的结构：分词（分词短语）句子的主语决定非谓语动词中的分词是用主动还是被动形式。如果是句子的主语发出动作，则使用现在分词；如果动作不是由句子的主语发出，则使用过去分词。43.No matter how frequently _, the works of Beethoven always attract large audiences.A performed B performing C to be performed D being performedperform vt. 表演，演出，演奏；to be performed 将要被演奏； being performed 正在被演奏；一些特殊的动词：第一个：remember 记住；62. I remember _ to help us if we ever got into trouble.A once offering B him once offering C him to offer D to offer him第二个：want 想要； 48. Your hair wants _. Youd better have it done tomorrow.A cut B cutting C to cut D being cut18. This room is so dirty that it wants _.A cleaning B to clean C being cleaned D cleaned第三个：mean 意味； 25. Theres a man at the reception desk who seems very angry and I think he means _ trouble. A making B to make C to have made D having made练习：41.It is not difficult to _ the idea that machines may communicate information to us.A) admit B) receive C) accept D) convince（C）42.I have not the least _ of hurting your feelings.A) concept B) intention C) mind D) purpose（B）43.As the shortage of certain metals approaches, others must be found to take their _.A) share B) place C) role D) shape（B）44.The new power station is reported _ within three years.A) to have completed B) to have been completed C) having Been completed D) to complete（B）45.Mary is in bed with a fever and she cant hope to _ the cold in a few day.A) get over B) get away C) get off D) get out（A）46.Although the weather was very had, the buses still ran on _.A) list B) plan C) schedule D) arrangement（C）47.The situation today is obviously quite different from _ it was only 50 years ago.A) what B) which C) when D) such（A）48.Soon, Americans hope, the rains will return and ease the hardship _ U.S. farmers.A) faced B) faces C) facing D) to face（C）49.Ever since the family moved to the suburbs last year, they _ better health.A) could have enjoyed B) have been enjoying C) had enjoyed D) are enjoying（B）50.It is much easier to talk about social change than to _.A) bring it on B) bring it about C) burning it up D) bring it out（B）51.Jane was hit on the head by the robber and was knocked _.A) mindless B) unaware C) brainless D) unconscious（D）52.He likes doing some reading at home to the cinema.A) than to go B) than going C) more than going D) rather than to go（C）53._ neglecting our education, my father sent my brother and me to a summer school.A) Accused of B) Accusing of C) That he was accused of D) To be accused of（A）54.I bought a new house last year, but I _ my old house yet, so at the moment I have two houses.A) did not sell B) do not sell C) had not sold D) have not sold（D）55.She didnt regret paying 200 dollars for the bookcase. As a matter or a fact, she would gladly have paid _ for it.A) as much twice B) much as twice C) as twice much D) twice as much（D）56.By the time you get to Beijing tomorrow, I _ for Shanghai.A) am leaving B) should have left C) will leave D) have already left（B）57.It was essential that all the necessary documents _ to the presidents office being the end of this month.A) be handed in B) must be handed in C) should D) had been handed in（A）58.The car is quite _ of petrol.A) economic B) economical C) saving D) sparing（B）59.The traffic was very heavy; otherwise I _ here 50 minutes sooner.A) would be B) should be C) had been D) would have been（D）60._ his great wealth, he always remained a man of simple tastes.A) Except for B) With regard to C) Despite D) Although（C）61.The socks were too small and it was only by _ them that he managed to get them on.A) spreading B) extending C) lengthening D) stretching（D）62.Language can be defined as a tool by which human beings _ with one another.A) associate B) connect C) communicate D) correspond（C）63.As a small boy, he was slow _ learning to read and write.A) on B) with C) in D) about（C）64.Tony was _ a mile of the hotel when he ran out of petrol.A) within B) inside C) about D) off（D）65.It has been rather costly to install the machinery, but it will prove to be worth the money _.A) in the long run B) in conclusion C) at long last D) at the end（A）66.I dont know why he _ in the middle of a sentence.A) broke off B) broke out C) broke through D) broke away（A）67.Im sorry Andy didnt want to go to the conference. _ willing to go we would have paid all his expenses.A) Being B) Was he C) He had been D) Had he been（D）68.The minister was the person _.A) whom the state dinner was given in honour B) for whom the state dinner was given honourC) whose honour the state dinner was given D) in whose honour the state dinner was given（D）69.The young driver looked over the engine carefully lest it _ on the way.A) goes wrong B) would go wrong C) went wrong D) should go wrong（D）70.John had been working hard and _.A) so his brother had B) so had his brother C) so was his brother D) so his brother did（B）第三节 非谓语动词的译法1Even when we turn off the beside lamp and are fast asleep, electricity is working for us, driving our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned. （现在分词正常使用）即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作: 帮我们开动电冰箱, 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。2Taking the train, the two friends arrived in Berlin in late October 1922, and went directly to the address of Chou-En Lai.他们两个人坐火车于1922年3月到柏林，立即去周恩来的住处。The farmer of 1800, using a hand sickle, could hope to cut a fifth of a hectare of wheat a day.在1800年，一个农民，使用镰刀，在一天内可望收割五分之一公顷小麦。3When Chou En Lais door opened they saw a slender man of more than average height with gleaming eyes and a face so striking that it bordered on the beautiful.周恩来的房门打开时，他们看到的是一个身材瘦小、比普通人略高一点的人，两眼闪着光辉，面貌很引人注意，称得上清秀。4With the prices and house rents increasing rapidly, many young university graduates cannot earn their living, let alone support parents.随着物价和房租迅速上涨，许多年轻大学毕业生无法挣钱养活自己，更不用说赡养父母。5Situated at the base of the Mt. Lofty Ranges, Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate.阿德莱德位于罗夫迪岭山麓，属地中海型气候。This area, noted for its beautiful scenery, was counted as one of the eight outstanding views of Beijing.附近风光秀丽，过去是燕京八景之一。6Ignoring the chair offered him, Chu Teh stood squarely before this youth more than ten years his junior and in a level voice told him who he was.朱德顾不得来过来的椅子，端端正正地站在这个比他年轻十几岁的青年面前，用平稳的语调说明自己的身份。第四节 非谓语动词，长难句分析及翻译、阅读理解第一部分 语法及词汇练习北冥有鱼，其名为鲲。鲲之大，不知其几千里也；化而为鸟，其名为鹏。鹏之背，不知其几千里也；怒而飞，其翼若垂天之云。鹏之徙于南冥也，水击三千里，抟扶摇而上者九万里 庄子内篇逍遥游41.I cant understand how you _ these unpleasant surroundings.A) put out B) put down C) put up with D) put forward（C）42._ you decide to take up you should try to make it a success.A) Whatever B) Unless C) Whenever D) If only（A）43.If Harry did not attend the conference last night, he _ too much work to do.A) must have had B) must have C) had had D) had to have had（A）44.John often attends public lectures at the University of Oxford, chiefly _ his English.A) to improve B) improving C) to have improved D) improved（A）45.It was suggested at the meeting that effective measures _ to solve the problem.A) were taken B) be taken C) must be taken D) take（B）46.I am _ of your stupid conversation.A) annoyed B) worried C) angry D) tired（D）47.They are building the dam in _ with another firm.A) comparison B) association C) touch D) tune（B）48.Most parents encourage their children to take an active part in social events, _ those events do not interfere with their studies.A) lest B) though C) unless D) provided（D）49.Orlando, a city in Florida, _ for its main attraction, Magic Kingdom.A) which is well known B) is well known C) well known D) being well known（B）50.He is _ a writer as a reporter.A) more B) rather C) not so much D) not much（C）51.Jim is sorry _ so impolite to your guest last Saturday.A) to be B) having been C) being D) to have been（D）52.I suppose that when I come back in ten years time all these old houses _ down.A) will have been pulled B) will have pulled C) will be pulling D) will be pulled（A）53.To be sure, some insects can build complex societies _ different types of individuals performing different tasks.A) taken from B) made of C) composed of D) developed from（C）54.The students will put off the outing until next week, _ they wont be so busy.A) when B) as C) since D) while（A）55.I have not found my book yet; in fact, I am not sure _ I could have done with it.A) whether B) why C) what D) when（C）56.If you do not fasten your safety belt, your chances of being _ will be greater.A) beaten B) hurt C) damaged D) stricken（B）57.“ _” for many years, the writer suddenly became famous.A) Having ignored him B) To be ignored C) To have been ignored D) Having been ignored（D）58.This birds large wings _ it to fly very fast.A) able B) enable C) unsure D) cause（B）59.The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I _ to it.A) have not gone B) did not go C) had not gone D) should not have gone（C）60.I dont swim not, but I _ when I was a kid.A) used to it B) used to doing it C) used to D) used to do（C）61.I found my daughter sitting in the kitchen, crying _.A) strongly B) bitterly C) heavily D) deeply（B）62.You are getting too old for football. Youd better _ tennis instead.A) take in B) take up C) take for D) take over（B）63.When the two young people were married, the ceremony was anything _ up to data.A) but B) beside C) except D) apart from（A）64.He didnt mention anything about the party, _ the date.A) either even B) even nor C) even neither D) not even（D）65.After being rescued from the air crash, the people agreed that they had much to _.A) thank B) be thanked C) be thankful D) be thankful for（D）66.This new method not only saves time but also saves energy _ operating on two batteries instead to four.A) in B) on C) by D) for（C）67.What _ to him is whether the job allows him to pursue his studies.A) matters B) refers C) happens D) applies（A）68.He said that very clearly so that nobody was in any _ about what was meant.A) doubt B) wonder C) question D) consideration（A）69.It is predicted that heavy rains are _ to flood the area in a few days.A) frightening B) threatening C) scattering D) warning（B）70.In most of the United States, the morning newspaper is _ by school age children.A) directed B) discharged C) derived D) delivered（D）第二部分 非谓语动词长难句分析及翻译1Studies by Hargrave and Geen estimated natural community grazing rates by measuring feeding rates ofindividual zooplankton species in thelaboratory and then computing community grazing rates for field conditions using the known population density of grazers. 译文：由哈格雷夫（Hargrave）和吉恩（Geen）所进行的研究，对自然条件下的群落捕食速率进行了估计，其手段是通过测量出实验室内单独的浮游动物种类的捕食速率，然后利用已知的食草动物种群密度，计算出实地状况下的群落捕食速率。2But achieving necessary matches in physical properties across interfaces between living andnonliving matter requires knowledge of which molecules control the bonding of cells to each otheran area that we have not yet explored thoroughly. 译文：但是，要想沿着原生和非原生物质之间的界面获取生理特性的必要匹配，需要某种知识，即什么样的分子控制着细胞彼此间的结合而对这一领域，我们尚未进行充分的探索。3More probable is bird transport，either externally，by accidental attachment of the seeds to feathers，or internally，by the swallowing of fruit and subsequent excretion of the seeds. 译文：更有可能的是鸟类运输：或者是通过外部途径，即由于种籽偶然粘附在羽毛上；或者是通过内部方式，即由于鸟类吞食果子并随后将种籽排泄出来。第三部分 阅读理解Just seven years ago, the Jarvik-7 artificial heart was being cheered as the model of human creativeness. The sight of Barney Clark-alive and conscious after trading his diseased heart for a metal-and-plastic pump-convinced the press, the public and many doctors that the future had arrived. It hadnt. After monitoring production of the Jarvik-7, and reviewing its effects on the 150 or so patients (most of whom got the device as a temporary measure) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration concluded that the machine was doing more to endanger lives than to save them. Last week the agency cancelled its earlier approval, effectively banning (禁止) the device.The recall may hurt Symbion Inc., maker of the Jarvik-7, but it wont end the request fo