The Libido for the Ugly 课件讲义

TheLibidofortheUgly 爱丑之欲 HenryLouisMencken 7 OutlineofClassTeaching AnintroductiontoHenryLouisMenckenHisearlylifeandcareerHiswritingstyleHiscontributionstoAmericanlanguageReadingtheoryon Description HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 The1stAmericantobewidelyreadasacritic 批评家 JamesLowell 詹姆斯 洛威尔 EdgarAllanPoe 埃德加 爱伦 坡 HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 BorninBaltimorePrivatelyeducatedthereGraduatedfromBaltimorePolytechnicInstitute HenryLouisMencken 1880 1956 BecameareporteronBaltimoreHeraldJoinedSunpaperEditedSmartSetEditedAmericanMercury H L Mencken sGreatConcerns HewasacentralfigureinAmericanintellectuallifeinthe1920s HelaunchedthemostcuttingattacksagainstAmerica smiddleclassculture Inhiswittyandsatiricalessays hemockedtheinstitutionwhichsupportedthemiddleclass Heenjoyed metandchallengedhisantagonistswithhisdirectanddevastatingattacks Hehatednarrowed mindedreligionsandstronglysupportedintellectualfreedom Hefoughtwitheveryefforttomaintaintheindependenceofliterature Hefeltthegreatestthreatofliteraturewasthecountry sprevailingreligion fundamentalism theopinionsofwhichwerebasedontheliteraryinterpretationoftheBible H L Menken sGreatConcerns Hehatedcommercialismanddidnotsupporteddemocracy becausehebelievedthemajorityofAmericanpopulationweretooignorantandgreedytoexert democracy wisely H L Menken sGreatConcerns Mencken sWritingStyle IopenedABookofPrejudicesandbegantoread Iwasjarredandshockedbythestyle theclear clean sweepingsentences Whydidhewritelikethat Andhowdidonewritelikethat Ipicturedthemanasaragingdemon slashingwithhispen Ireadonandwhatamazedmewasnotwhathesaid buthowonearthanybodyhadthecouragetosayit Iidentifiedmyselfwiththatbook RichardWright Rip roaring witty humorous ironical combative withunrestrainedhyperbole extravagantaccentuation fondofpairingadjectives playful comical Mencken swritingisendearingbecauseofitswit itscrispstyle andtheobviousdelighthetakesinit Mencken sWritingStyle Nootherentertainmentgavehimgreaterpleasurethanreportingfromtheconventions nordidanyoneappreciatehiseffortsmorethanMenckenhimself Onereporter peeringthroughMencken swindowlateatnightafteronerally recalledwatchinghimatworkaloneinhishotelroom poundingoutcopyonatypewriterproppedonadesk Hewouldtypeafewsentences readthem slaphisthigh tosshisheadback androarwithlaughter Thenhewouldtypesomemorelines guffaw andsoonuntiltheendofthearticle MarionElizabethRodgers Mencken sWritingStyle Mencken sworkswerereceivedwithbothdelightandhorror dependingonthereaders pointofview HewashighlyrespectedforhisliterarycriticismandheexertedagreatinfluenceonAmericanliterature Mencken sWritingStyle Mencken sContributionstotheAmericanLanguage Editor socialcritic andlongtimejournalistwithTheBaltimoreSun Menckeninspiredmanyyoungwritersinthe1920s Andthoughhediedmorethanhalfacenturyago hisrip roaring witty combative yetgracefulstylecontinuesto stiruptheanimals andattractfreshadmirers H L MenckenwroteTheAmericanLanguageAnInquiryintotheDevelopmentofEnglishintheUnitedStatesThisclassicwaswrittentoclarifythediscrepanciesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishandtodefinethedistinguishingcharacteristicsofAmericanEnglish Mencken sgroundbreakingstudywasundoubtedlythemostscientificlinguisticworkontheAmericanlanguagetodateandcontinuestoserveasadefinitiveresourceinthefield Mencken sContributionstotheAmericanLanguage ReadingTheoryon Description Whatisadescription Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription Whatistheorderoforganizationforadescription Whatisadescription Descriptionconveysthesensations emotionsandimpressionsthataffectawriterexperiencingaperson place objectoridea Whatdoesthewriterdoinadescription Thewriterdescribeswhathesees hears smells feels ortastes anditoftenincludeshisemotionalreactionstothephysicalsensationsoftheexperience Indescription awriterpaintsverbalpictureofaplace objectoraperson Whatkindofwordsarepreferredinadescription Inordertoenablehisreadertoperceivetherealityoftheoriginal heproducesanimageandevokesthatrealityessentiallybyspecificandconcretewordsthatappealtothereader ssenseofsight smell sound tasteandtouch Whatistheorderoforganizationforadescription Descriptionisusuallyorganizedanddevelopedbyspaceorder Thewritermayselectafixedpositioninspace thenmovefromdistancetocloseup orfromcloseuptodistance fromlefttoright orfromrighttoleft etc Hemayalsoestablishamentalattitudetowardhissubjectandthenmoveontootherfeatures Adescriptionmaybeeithergeneralorspecific Whenthecontrollingsentencecallsforgeneraldescription thewriterselectsseveralofthemaintypicaltraitswhichcharacterizethesubjectandproceedtoanalyze enumerateorsynthesizeitsfeatures Forspecificdescription hefocusesonthespecialcharacteristicswhichidentifyortypifytheperson placeorobjectbeingdescribed Adescriptionmaybesubjectiveorobjective Anobjectivedescriptionismuchthesameasawhiteandblackphotograph Asubjectivedescriptionistosharewiththereaderanexpressionoremotion Thewriterisemotionalandsubjectivebychoosingwordsrichinconnotativemeaningandbystronglyappealingtothereaders AbouttheTitle TheLibidofortheUgly Thestrongurgetolovethingsugly Libido aspecialterminpsychoanalysismeaningphysicalenergyordesiregenerally Menckendeliberatelyusesthiswordtocreatetheimpressionthathisdescriptionandanalysishassomescientificfoundation 1 Pittsburgh匹兹堡2 Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州 Detailedstudyofthepassage 1 Pittsburgh匹兹堡2 Pennsylvania宾夕法尼亚州PittsburghisacityinsouthwestPennsylvania ItisoneofthemostimportantindustrialcitiesofAmerica andacenterofrailandrivertransportation Termed SteelCity or SmokyCity itisthecenterofrichbituminouscoalregion producingalsonaturalgas oilandlimestone AlargepartofAmericansteelandironisproducedhere 3 WestmorelandAcountyinsouthwestPennsylvania ItscountyseatisGreensburg Itisaminingandmanufacturingregion 4 Itwasfamiliarland boyandman Ihadbeenthroughitoftenbefore AsaboyandlaterwhenIgrewupasaman Ihadoftentravelledthroughtheregion 6 lucrative adj producingwealthorprofit profitable remunerative有利可图的 赚钱的7 hideous adj horribletosee hear etc veryuglyorrevolting dreadful骇人听闻的 非常丑陋的 可怕的8 forlorn adj inpitifulcondition wretched miserable可怜的 悲惨的 不幸的 9 macabre adj gruesome grimandhorrible ghastly可怕的 令人毛骨悚然的 恐怖的putation n theactofcomputing calculation计算11 abominable adj nastyanddisgusting vile loathsome讨厌的 可恶的12 alley n anarrowstreetorwalk specifically alanebehindarowofbuildingsorbetweentworowsofbuildingsthatfaceonadjacentstreets胡同 小巷 小街 Pleasefindoutthefiguresofspeechincludedinthefirstparagraph Hyperbole therichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearth soabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats Contrast therichestregion hideous bleak forlornscene Metaphor heartofindustrialAmerica AsecondlookatPara 1 AsecondlookatPara 1 Para 1isdevelopedbycontrastingthegreatwealthofthisregiontotheuglyhumanhabitationsseeneverywhere ThecontrastinthelastsentencehelpsMenckentograbreaders attentions Thereadersmayfailtounderstandwhysuchrichpeopleliveinsuchuglyhouses hencetheyreadon Andthecontrasthelpstomakeapoint theuglinessisnotoutofpoverty 13 filth n disgustinglyoffensivedirt garbage etc 污秽 污物 垃圾14 allude v referinacasualorindirectway 随便或间接 提到 涉及 暗指15 monstrousness n strangeshape奇形怪状16 lacerate v tearjaggedly mangle somethingsoft asflesh woundorhurt one sfeelings etc deeply distress撕裂 割碎 肉等软组织 伤害 感情等 使 伤心 17 pretentious adj makingclaims explicitorimplicit tosomedistinction importance dignity orexcellence自负的 自命不凡的 自大的18 linger v continuetostay esp throughreluctancetoleave逗留 尤指不愿离开 19 downright adv thoroughly utterly really彻底地 完全地 真正地20 dormer n awindowsetuprightinaslopingroof屋顶窗 21 leprous adj oforlikeleprosy havingleprosy麻风的 似麻风的 患麻风病的22 headquartersoftheVeteransofForeignWars 外国战争退伍军人总部 Seenote1formoreinformation 23 rat trap n atrapforcatchingrats捕鼠夹 子 24 misshapen adj badlyshaped deformed distorted奇形怪状的 畸形的25 uncomely adj havingunpleasantappearance不美观的 不好看的 26 grime n dirt esp sootydirt rubbedintoorcoveringasurface asoftheskin 尤指经摩擦而深入或覆盖皮肤等表面的 积垢 污秽27 gully n achannelorhollowwornbyrunningwater small narrowravine沟壑 狭沟 冲沟28 chalet n atypeofSwisshouse builtofwoodwithbalconiesandoverhangingeaves 瑞士的木造 农舍 山上小舍29 high pitched adj steepinslope sideofroofs 屋顶 坡度陡的 30 Theyhavetakenastheirmodelabricksetonend themodeltheyfollowedinbuildingtheirhouseswasabrickstandingupright 31 dingy adj dirty colored notbrightorclean grimy不干净的 不明亮的 弄脏的32 clapboard n athin narrowboardwithoneedgethickerthantheother usedassiding护墙板 隔板33 low pitched withlittleslope nearlyflatoreven 34 preposterous adj socontrarytonature reason orcommonsenseastobelaughable absurd ridiculous反常的 乖戾的 十分荒谬的 愚蠢的35 pier n aheavycolumn usuallysquare usedtosupportweight asattheendofanarch角柱 支柱36 swinish adj oforlikeaswine beastly piggish coarse etc 猪 似 的 鄙贱的 粗俗的37 perpendicular adj exactlyupright vertical straightupordown垂直的 矗立的 38 precarious adj uncertain insecure risky不稳定的 不安全的 危险的39 eczematous adj ofitchingskindisease湿疹的40 patina n afinecrustorfilmonbronzeorcopper usuallygreenorgreenish blue formedbynaturaloxidationandoftenvaluedasbeingornamental 青铜器上的 绿锈41 longpastallhopeorcaring anegg thathadlongpastthetimewhentherewassomehopethatitmightstillbeedible longpastthetimewhenpeoplewerestillconcernedaboutit 42 uremia n atoxicconditioncausedbythepresenceinthebloodofwasteproductsnormallyeliminatedintheurineandresultingfromafailureofthekidneystosecreteurine尿毒症43 loathsome adj causingloathing disgusting abhorrent detestable讨厌的 厌恶的 令人作呕的44 laborious adj involvingmuchhardwork difficult industrious hard working费力的 困难的 勤劳的 辛苦的 45 championship hereisnotawardedtothebestbuttheworst 46 incessant adj neverceasing continuingorbeingrepeatedwithoutstoppingorinawaythatseemsendless constant不停的 连续的 不间断的47 incessantprayer byaskingGodconstantlytohelpmetocometoacorrectdecision 48 decompose v breakuporseparateintobasiccomponentsorparts rot分解 使 腐烂 使 腐败 49 Pullman arailroadcarwithprivatecompartmentsorseatsthatcanbemadeupintosleepers 50 whirl tomove go drive etc swiftly 51 forsake v giveup renounce ahabit idea etc leave abandon抛弃 放弃 思想 习惯等 遗弃 背弃52 malarious adj offeverconveyedbymosquitoes疟疾的 空气污浊的53 hamlet n averysmallvillage小村庄 54 incomparable adj beyondcomparison unequalled matchless无与伦比的 举世无双的 无敌的 无比的55 titanic adj ofgreatsize strength orpower巨大的 力大无比的 有极大权力的56 aberrant adj turningawayfromwhatisright true etc deviatingfromwhatisnormalortypical与正确或真实情况相背的 偏离常规的 反常的57 uncompromising adj notcompromisingoryielding firm inflexible determined不妥协的 坚定的 不让步的 坚决的 58 inimical adj 1ikeanenemy hostile unfriendly adverse unfavorable敌人似的 敌对的 不友好的 相反的 不利的59 ingenuity n cleverness originality skill etc 机智 创造力 独创性 熟练60 grotesquery n thequalityorstateofbeinggrotesque奇形怪状 怪诞61 retrospect n alookingbackonorthinkingaboutthingspast contemplationorsurveyofthepast回顾 回想 追溯 62 diabolical adj ofthedevilordevils fiendish恶魔的 残忍的 凶暴的63 concoct v devise invent orplan计划 策划 虚构 编造64 insensate adj notfeeling ornotcapableoffeeling sensation无感觉的 无知觉的65 abomination adj greathatred anddisgust anythinghatefulanddisgusting憎恨 厌恶 令人讨厌的东西 66 putrid adj decomposing rottenandfoul smelling腐烂的 腐败的67 pull drawingfor