新目标英语八下期末复习.doc

Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells?61. how long 多长(对for一段时间提问)how soon 多久(对in一段时间提问)for+一段时间Since+时间点Since+从句(从句中多用过去式）Since+ 一段时间+ago2. a skating marathon 滑冰马拉松 3. a pair of 一双，一副,一把，一条 a pair of skates 一双溜冰鞋 a pair of jeans 一条牛仔裤 a pair of glasses 一副眼镜4.raise money （for charity）(为慈善机构)募捐，筹钱5. the whole five hours=all the five hours 整整五个小时6. three and a half years 三年半 = three years and a half7. thanks for (doing sth) 因而表示感谢8. run out of 用完，用尽9. by the way 顺便说一下，顺便问一下10. in Russian style 以俄罗斯的风格11. fly kites 放风筝12. a talent show 才艺表演13. finish doing sth. 结束做某事14. be interested in=take an interest in 对感兴趣 15. Chinese dynasty 中国的王朝16. famous characters 著名人物17. think of 考虑，想起18. in Russian style 俄罗斯的风格19. tell sb. about sth. 把的情况告诉某人20. enjoy doing sth. 喜爱做某事21. the Olympic Games 奥运会= the Olympics22.far away 在远处23.be hard to understand很难理解24.make a list列一个清单25.the most common/unusual hobby最普通/最不寻常的兴趣爱好26.learn about Chinese history学习关于中国历史27.thousands of 数千28.be welcomed by受到的欢迎29.the morethe more越越30.anyone else 其它任何人（else总是后置）31.the capital of的首都/省会32.be certain to do确定做某事33.miss my family想念我的家34.on my seventh birthday在我七岁的生日时35.an interesting city with a colorful history 一个具有多姿多彩历史的有趣城市36.Collectors club收集者俱乐部37.old coins 古币38.talk to /with sb 和某人交谈39.globes with animals 带有动物的玻璃球40.be the first one to do sth 第一个做.的人41.tell sb about.告诉某人关于.42.more than=over 超过；多于43.learn a lot about 了解.很多本单元目标句型： 1. How long have you been skating? 你滑冰有多长时间了？ 2. Ive been skating since nine oclock./since I was four years old. 我从九点一直滑到现在/我从四岁一直滑到现在。3. Ive been skating for five hours. 我一直滑了五小时 。4. Alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours. Alison是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。5. For every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity. 每滑一个小时，每位学生可为慈善事业筹集10元钱。 6. My mom says I have to stop, because weve run out of room to store them. 妈妈说我必须停止了，因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。 7. I particularly love globes with animals. If you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me. 我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话，请告诉我们。8. By the way, whats your hobby? 顺便问一下，你的业余爱好是什么？9. Im interested in the job as a writer.我对这份当作者的工作很感兴趣。10. How many Chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中国朝代？11. There is some European influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in Harbin are in Russian style.这个城市有欧洲文化的影响，而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。新 课 标第 一网12. For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese culture, the more I enjoy living in China. 对于一个像我一样的外国人来说，我对中国文化了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。13. And although I live quite far from Beijing, Im certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008. 尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信2008年奥运会我一定在这儿。本单元语法讲解：现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在，有可能一直延续下去的动作。常与for, since,how long,these days等表示一段时间的状语连用。现在完成进行式结构：肯定句：主语+have / has +been+ doing/否定句：主语+have / has +not+been+ doing一般疑问句：Have / Has +主语+been+ doing/1I have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）2I have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从10年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。3 How long have you been living here?你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（“居住”动作从过去一直现在还在继续）现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：2如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?1. turn down (音量)放小，（光线）调暗turn up (音量)放大，（光线）调亮turn on 打开（开关、按钮）turn off 关（开关、按钮）2.not at all 一点也不3.right away = in a minuteat once 立刻，马上4.do/wash the dishes 洗碗 5.put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态） dress sb. 给某人穿衣6. help sb. with sth.=help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做 某事7.make posters 制作海报 8.have a long telephone conversation煲电话粥9.wait in line 排队10.cut in line 插队11.follow sb. around 跟某人周围12.get mad at/with sb= get annoyed with sb= get angry with sb 生气，感到恼火13.try (not) to do sth. 尽力（不去）做某事14.seem like 看上去像15.even if/though 尽管、即使16.take care = be careful 小心17.in public places 在公众场合18.in public 公开地，当众地19.break the rule 不遵守规则 follow the rules 遵守规则20.put out 熄灭21. pick up 捡起、拾起22.feed the dog 喂狗keep the dog 养狗23. return sb sth=return sth to sb 把还给 =give back sth to sb =give sth back to sb(sth是代词时放在中间）24 a terrible haircut 一个糟糕的发型25. all the time 一直26.its better to do最好做某事had better do27. be polite/impolite 有礼貌/不礼貌28. must be 一定是29. keep down 抑制，放低30. be allowedto do sth 被允许做. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事31. take care (not)to do= be careful 小心（不）做某事32. drop litter 乱丢垃圾33. clothing store 服装店34. No problem=thats no problem 没问题35. order food 点食物36.another pair 另一双；另一条37.be at a meeting=have a meeting 在开会38.in every culture 在每一种文化领域39.cant stand doing sth 不能忍受做某事40.go back to 回到.41.be polite to sb 对.有礼貌42.be with sb. 和.在一起43.talk loudly 大声讲话44.at first 起初45.in all situations 在各种情况下46.The pen doesnt work.这支钢笔坏了。=The pen is broken.=There is something wrong with the pen. 本单元目标句型： 1. Would you mind cleaning the yard? 你介意打扫院子吗?2. Not at all. Ill do it right away. 一点也不. 我马上就扫.3. Would you mind not playing baseball here. 你介意不要在这打棒球吗?4. Would you mind giving me a smaller one?5. Sorry, well go and play in the park.对不起，我们到公园去打.6. Could you (please) make dinner? 请做晚饭好吗?7. Thats no problem . 没问题.8. Could you (please) not smoke here?=Would you mind not smoking here?= Would you (please) not smoke here?=Please dont smoke here, will you?请不要在这里吸烟，好吗?9. If you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight. 10. Your barber gave you a terrible haircut.11. You ordered a hamburger with French fries but only got a hamburger.12. I dont like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.13. This happens to me all the time in the school library.14. Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite.15. The way people behave is different in different cultures and situations.16. We might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.17. This may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand.18. In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible.本单元语法讲解：表示委婉、客气的请求的句子：1. Would /Do you mind (not) doing sth? 你（不）介意.吗？ 表示不介意的回答： Certainly not. /Of course not. /No, please do. 表示不同意或不赞成某人做某事，不能直接回答 Yes , I mind. 应说Sorry ./ Im sorry Yes, youd better not. 然后再陈述拒绝或反对的理由。2. Would /Do you mind sb/sbs doing sth?你介意某人做某事吗？ 例：would you mind my/me closing the window?=Would you mind if I close the window? 你介意我把窗户关上吗？3. Could you please (not) do sth?请你（不）做某事可以吗？ 回答时要用can而不能用could.(Yes , I can./ Sorry, I cant.) 4.Would you like to do sth?你愿意.吗？5.Would/will/can you please do sth? 请（不）做.好吗？6.Please (dont) do sth. 请（不）做某事。Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?1. photo album 相册2. leave school 毕业离校3. take care of = look aftercare for 照顾，照看4. too to 太而不能5. these days 目前，现在6. a pot-bellied pig 大肚猪7. not at all 根本不,一点也不8. fall asleep 入睡9. give away 分发，赠送10. pay for 付的款11. rather than 而不是 instead of (doing sth)代替，而不是12. in different ways 以不同的方式13. as as 与一样not as/soas 与比不如其14. native speakers 说本族语的人15. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事16. make progress in. 在某方面取得进步17.give money to charity 把钱捐给慈善事业18. have fun with sth. 做某事有乐趣= have fun doing sth.19. hear of 听说20. take an interest in = be interested in （doing)sth 对感兴趣21. make friends with 和交朋友22.get her a scarf 给她买一条围巾23.compare with sth. 与相比24.not creative enough 不够有创意25. easy/difficult to take care of 容易/难养活26.half way 半道、中途27.different kinds of 不同种类28. make progressby doing 通过取得进步29. be able to 能够(可用于各种时态） Can 能（只有一般现在时和一般过去时could）30. a six-year-old child 一个6岁的孩子31. on stage 在舞台上32. all age groups 各个年龄段33. sleep all day=sleep the whole day 整天睡觉34. win the prize 获奖35. make a special meal 做特别的一餐36. enough to do sth 足以能做 形容词/副词+enough enough+名词37. from across China = from all over China来自全中国38.感叹句的构成： What+a/an+adj.+ 可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ how +adj. +a/an +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)！ What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词(+主语+谓语)！ How +adj/adv.(+主语+谓语)！本单元目标句型：1. What should I get my mom for her birthday? 我应该为我的妈妈买什么?2. Why dont you/Why not buy /What about buying/How about buying a scarf? 为什么不买条围巾呢?3. Whats the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?4. What a lucky guy! 多幸运的家伙!5. I think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.6. Really? I dont agree. Dogs are too difficult to take care of.7. Pot-bellied pigs make the best pets.8. Now she is too big to sleep in the house, so I made her a special pig house.9. The movie was boring. I fell asleep half way through it.10. Gift giving is different in different countries.11. In the USA, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather thanbuy them gifts.12. In Sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. People dont need to spend too much money. Instead, making a meal is enough. 13. Some of these singers were able to sing English songs just as well as native speakers.14. She said that singing English songs made her more interested in learning English.15. It suggests ways for Beijingers to take an interest in learning English.本单元语法讲解：表示提建议的句型：1. Why not/why dont you/we do sth? 为什么不?2. How about/What about doing sth? .怎么样？3. Youd better (not) do sth. 你最好(不要)做某事。4. Shall I / we do sth.? 我(们)做好吗?”5. Lets do sth, shall we? 咱们做吧,好吗？6. Would/will/can /could you please do sth? 请做.好吗？Unit 9 Have you ever been to an amusement park?1.have been to 到过某处（现在已回来） have gone to 到某处去了（现在还没有回来）have been in/at 在某处呆了多久have been here have gone there(副词前不用to)2.an amusement park 游乐园3.a water park 水上公园4.a roller coaster 过山车5.see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事6.walk around 四处走动7.take a ride 兜风8.on board 在船上9.take different routes 走不同的路线10.end up with sth 以结束 end up doing sth 以做某事结束11.argue with sb. 与某人争吵12.an English-speaking country 说英语的国家13.an exchange student 交换生14.a flight attendant 一名机组乘务员15.a tour guide 导游16.such as 例如for example例如(后用逗号隔开)17.listening skills 听力技能18.in Southeast Asia 在东南亚19.take a holiday 度假20.three quarters 四分之三21.have problems (in) doing sth./with sth 做某事很困难22.during the daytime 在白天期间 in the daytime 在白天23.all year round 全年,一年到头24.wake up 醒来，唤醒，叫醒 Wake sb. up 叫醒某人25.think about doing sth 思考做某事26.so much fun如此多的乐趣27.welcome to 欢迎来到28.be welcomed by受到欢迎29. think about 考虑30.think of 想起；认为31. rather than 宁可；而不是32. neithernor 既不也不(谓语动词使用就近原则）33. on the one hand, on the other hand,. 一方面，另一方面34.the best time to do sth 做某事的最佳时间35.the reason for 的理由36.a zoo called/named.一个叫做的动物园37.travel to. 到去旅行38.its fun to do sth 做有趣39.outside of China 在中国以外，在国外40.the way to do sth 做的方法41.a good place to. 一个的好地方42.take lessons 上课43.its becausethat. 正是因为才44.close to. 离近45.far (away) from. 离远46.try new food 尝试新食物47.be asleep 睡着的48.be awake 醒着的本单元目标句型：1. Me neither.2. Its fun to learn another language.3. Three quarters of the population are Chinese. 四分之三的人口是中国人（谓语动词用复数形式）4. Whats the population of China? 中国的人口是多少？（不用how much提问） 5. the population of China is 1.3 billion中国的人口是13亿。（谓动词用单形式）6. You can see Disney characters walking around Disneyland all the time.7. These are huge boats that also have the Disney theme. You can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you sleep and eat on board.8. The boat rides all take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.9. It is just so much fun in Disneyland.10. When I was a young girl, all I ever wanted to do was traveling, and I decided that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant .11. It was because I could speak English that I got the job.12. Its all I have ever wanted to be.13. Maybe when I leave school Ill think about becoming an English teacher rather than a tour guide.14. What other job is he thinking of doing?15. For many Chinese tourists, this small island in Southeast Asia is a wonderful place to take a holiday.现在完成时句型举例：1. Have you ever been to an amusement park? 你曾经去过游乐园吗?Yes, I have./ No, I havent. 2. I have never been there. Me neither=Neither have I.I havent,either. 我也没有.3. Where is he? He has gone to the Beijing.4. How long has he been in Beijing? （不能用come/arrive）5. Ive never been to an aquarium. 我从没去过水族馆.6. I have been a student here for a year. 我成为这的学生有一年了. （不能用become） =I became a student here a year ago.7. I have been a teacher since ten years ago(for ten years.) （不能用become）8. I have just/ever/already/never seen the movie. Have you ever heard of the man before?本单元语法讲解：现在完成时构成：主语+have/has+动词过去分词否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词1).现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。本时态标志词： already （“已经”，用于肯定句中，放在have /has之后或句尾）； yet （“仍然”“还”，用于疑问句或否定句的句尾） just（“刚刚”，放在have /has之后）； before（“以前”，放在句尾）； ever（“曾经”，放在have /has之后） never （“从没有”，在have /has之后） since+点时刻或从句; for+段时间; how long（疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的） so far；till now；by now（到目前为止；迄今） recently近来in the past/last+段时间 在过去的几年中 once(一次)，twice,three(four) times It is the+最高级+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done 例：1.Whats the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好礼物是什么? 2. Its the best film I have ever seen. = I havent seen such a good film before .这是我看过的最好看的电影例句：1.Our teacher has just left. 2.We have studied English already. 3.I have not finished the homework yet. 4.He has never been to Beijing before. 5. My father has been to Beijing twice.2).某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一 段时间的表达方法有两种: for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years Since +过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week Since +一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came ; since you got home. 注意：结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词. 1.直接用延续性动词 buy have；catch(get) a cold have a cold；borrowkeep；becomebe；put on- wear 2.转换成be+名词 join the army be a soldier；join the Party be a Party member； go to school be a student 3转换成be+形容词或副词diebe dead；finish be over；beginbe on；leavebe away ； fall sleep be asleep； close be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地be in(at) +某地 4.转换成 be+介词短语go to school be in school ； get up_ be up； 例： I bought the pen three days ago. = I have had the pen for three days. The train left five minutes ago.= The train has been away for five minutes.I borrowed a book from the library a week ago.= I have kept a book for a week.3） 现在完成时与一 般过去时的区别： 现在完成时和一般过去时的动作都发生在过去。现在完成时强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，不能和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时只表示过去的动作和状态，与现在没有关系。有具体的过去时间状语要用一般过去时。 He lived in Chongqing in 2008. 他2008年住在重庆。（他目前住在哪里并不清楚） He has lived in Chongqing since 2008. 他自从2008年就住 在重庆。（他目前还住在重庆） Tom has bought a blue car. 汤姆已经买了一辆蓝色小车。（表明汤姆现在仍在使用） Tom bought a blue car. 汤姆买了一辆蓝色小车。（不涉及汤姆现在是否在使用）另外，since主句要用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 He has worked here since the factory opened.主句现在完成时 从句一般过去时Unit 10 Its a nice day, isnt it?111. small talk 闲聊2. look through 浏览，快速查看3. a thank-you note for一封.感谢信4. be friendly to sb. 对某人友好5. feel like (doing) sth. 想要（做）6.have a hard/difficult time doing sth./with sth =have problem doing sth/with sth做某事有困难7. come along 到达，出现，跟着来，赶快8. have a good day 好好玩一天9.at least 至少10. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事11. cross a busy street = go/walk across a busy street 穿过一条繁忙的街道12.get along/on with sb. 与某人相处的13.on Saturday night 在周六的晚上 at night 在晚上14. at the school dining room 在学校的餐厅里15. its +adj+for sb +to do sth 16. one of +the +最高级名词复数 最 之一17. practice doing sth 练习做某事18.a ball game fan 一位球迷19.the price is high/low 价格高、低20.wait for 等候21.by noon 到中午时22.at noon 在中午23.get along in a new place 适应新环境24.watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在做某事本单元目标句型：反意疑问句句型如下： 注意：以下本单元语法反意疑问句容易考到的几个句型：1. It looks like rain, doesnt it? Yes, it does./No, it doesnt看起来要下雨了,是吗?2. Hes really good, isnt he? 他确实好,是吗?3. You are new here, arent you? 你是新来的, 是吗?4. You have never been to Beijing, have you? ( never表达否定含义,后面用肯定)5. She has few friends, does she? (few表达否定含义,后面用肯定)6. Tom had little work to do, did he? (little表达否定含义,后面用肯定)7. You can hardly do the work, can you? (hardly表达否定含义,后面用肯定)8. Lets go home, shall we? 9. Dont be late again/Let us go home, will you?(祈使句用will you;但Lets开头的用shall we)10. Thank you so much for asking/inviting /having me!非常感谢你邀请我11. How much does that shirt cost=How much is the shirt?那件衬衣值多少钱? 12. He sure is. 他确实是。13. I was having a hard time finding it until you came along.14. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place.有像你们一样的朋友，使我在新的地方很快就适应了。15. Ill think of you as we watch the Black Socks win the game.16. Im going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job.17. Be careful to look both ways before you cross the street.本单元语法讲解：反意疑问句的意义及其构成 反意疑问句又叫附加疑问句，是指当提问的人对前面所叙述的事实不敢肯定，而需要向对方加以证实时所提出的问句。其结构为：前一部分是一个陈述句，后一部分是一个简单的问句。完成后一部分简单问句时，要根据前面陈述句的动词时态和人称来选择适当的助动词进行提问，前后两部分的人称和动词时态要保持一致。如果前一部分用肯定式，后一部分一般用否定式；反之，前一部分为否定式，后一部分要用肯定式，即“前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定”。 例 You have bee