高一英语基础---词形变化规则总览及练习版

原形名词变复数动词变单三动词变过去式/过去分词动词变现在分词形容词变副词形容词/副词变比较级/最高级备注一般情况/s/books makes-s /z/ girls reads /t/ worked-ed/d/ raised【注】动词原形若以/t/ /d/ 结尾，加-ed 后读作/d/: wanted needed-ing/ /：studyingwaitingwatchingfishingeating-ly:sadlyrecently-er / /-est / st/:tall tallertallest【注】多音节词和少数双音节词分别在原级前加more / most:slowlymore slowlymost slowly1. 改y规则：以辅音字母+y结尾的词，除现在分词外，其他的变形均要把y变为 i，再做相应变形。2.清辅音:/p/、/t/、/k/、/f/、/、/s/、 / 、/t/、/ts/、/tr/，再加上/r/、/h/，合计12个浊辅音：/b/、/d/、/g/、/v/、/、/z/、 / 、/dv/、/dz/、/dr/再加 上/l/、/m/、/n/、/ 、/j/、/w/合计16个。3.变形后的读音规则：“清对清，浊对浊，元音后面读浊音”，即单词原形若以清辅音结尾，变形之后就读对应变形的清辅音读音；单词原形若以浊辅音或元音音标结尾，变形之后就读对应变形的浊辅音读音。以s、x、 ch、sh结尾 buses buzzes-es / z / teaches washes以辅音字母+y结尾把y变为 i，再加-es,读作/z/：families studies【注】元音字母+y结尾时，不变y，直接加-s： days boys 把y变为i 再加-ed, 读作/d/： copiedcried carried把y变为 i，再加-ly：angrily busily【注】如果原形中y的读音为/ ai /,直接加ly,如： dryly; shyly把y变为 i，再加-er / -est:heavyheavierheaviest以不发音的字母e结尾属于“一般情况”的变化 /t/ hoped-d： /d/ judged /d/ decided 去掉e后再加-ing：writewriting【注】若是发音的e结尾，则不能去e：seeingagreeing绝大多数直接加ly,少数去e加-ly： trulysimplyconsiderablyterribly gentlypossiblyprobablyincredibly-r / -st: nicenicernicest以重读闭音节结尾双写 /t/ stopped词尾 /d/ dragged再加 /d/ ed： permitted 双写词尾,再加ing:planning preferring属于“一般情况”的变化双写词尾,再加-er / -est: bigbiggerbiggest高中英语词形变化规则总览陕西延安中学 刘 娜 附：1. 一般把f或fe变成v, 再加-es。：knifeknives leafleaves wifewives lifelives shelf shelves thiefthieves wolfwolves halfhalves dwarfdwarves以f或fe结尾的名词变为复数 直接加-s: roofs, chiefs, proofs, cliffs, safes(保险箱), gulfs(海湾), beliefs, serfs(农奴), briefs (摘要) 前俩种变法均可：handkerchiefhandkerchiefs /handkerchieves scarfscarfs / scarves2. -es:hero,tomato,potato, Negro(黑人), echo(回声),torpedo(鱼雷),veto(否决权) ,mango(芒果), buffalo(水牛,也可以单复数同形)以o结尾的名词名词变复数 -s: radio,vedio,studio,zoo,kangaroo, bamboo, photo,piano, solo(独唱,独奏曲),cello(大提琴),memo(备忘录),kilo(千克，公里), taboo(禁止,禁忌), micro(微米),hippo(河马) , rhino(犀牛)-s /-es: zero, volcano,mosquito, tornado, motto(座右铭,格言),cargo(货物)3.单复数同形的名词：fish, deer, sheep, works, means, series, species , Chinese, Cantonese (广东人), Japanese, Swiss(瑞士人)4. 单复数不规则变化：footfeet,toothteeth,goosegeese, mousemice,louse(虱子)lice,oxoxen5.以ic结尾的形容词变副词时加-ally：economiceconomically; basicbasically; scientificscientifically; automaticautomatically; energeticenergetically;但是public-publicly例外。 词形变化练习（一）I.将下列名词变为复数形式：原形复数原形复数原形复数原形复数lifefoxboymousezootreedeerbranchscarfhorseshelfvolcanobuzzleafroofgooseoxhouseheromosquitowolfpianochiefhandkerchiefthiefphotogulffamilyroofbeliefradiocountrydaybrushspecieskangaroocliffknifemeanswoman doctordeerworksseriesgirl studentsurveyRussianGermanJapaneseII.写出下列动词的正确形式：原形单三过去式过去分词现在分词worrydestroyrecoverrecognizepreferinferreferlie(躺)copyburyjudgelimitpermitadmit词形变化练习（二）I.写出下列动词的正确形式原形单三过去式过去分词现在分词begblockconquerdisagreebelievefryissuesharedigestcrashchatsatisfyterrifyfitbenefitII.写出正确的副词形式形容词副词形容词副词angry wideeasy simpletrue looseterrible thoroughrude