Unit3 新视大学英语野第一册.doc

Unit Three A Good Heart to Lean OnTeaching Objectives (教学目的):1. To require students think what makes a good heart.2. To help students learn to express and remember the words.3. To get the students communicate with each other bravely.4. To guide the students to use some important words and useful expressions.Teaching Requirements(教学要求):1. Students are able to get a clear picture of the text .2. Students are required to master the new words and phrases in the passage.3. Students should read some reading materials and do exercises after class .Teaching methodology(教学方法):1. Communicative method (交际法)2. Cognitive method(认知法):3. Functional and notional method(功能意念法)4. The grammar-translation method Time Distributive(时间分配)1. Preparation and analyses of the text A (2 hours)2. Analyses of the text A and exercises (2 hours)3. Analyses of the text B and Reading and exercises(2 hours)4. Listening and speaking(1 hour)Focuses and difficulties (教学重点和难点)1. Comprehension of text A.2. Some words and phrases in the text 3. Reading skillsTeaching Procedures (教学过程Section AI. Pre-reading Activities:Questions & Answers 1. Why do you think people start at the father and the son? Generally speaking, people tend to stare at persons who are extremely unusual, say, the charmingly beautiful ones, the fairly ugly ones and the rather disabled ones. Since the father was short, severely crippled, and when they walked along the street, the father leaned on his son for balance, it is not strange for the father and the son to be the center of the attention. 2.What do you think a “good heart” is ? To my knowledge, a “good heart” refers to the good nature of a person, which involves the aspects as follows: To begin with, he is kind with the people around him, thinking as much of others as of himself. Besides, he is honest in dealing with any affairs. He has a strong sense of what is right and wrong. And best of all, he is ready to help when someone is in trouble or in need of his help. 3.What is the difference between how the son felt about his father as a youth and how he feels many years later? We can use two adjectives-shamed and sorry to illustrate the sons feelings about his father in different phases of his life. When he was growing up, he was embarrassed/shamed to be seen with his father. He tended to judge the father by appearances or physical conditions and others staring. With the passage of time, especially after the fathers departure, however, he came to learn that his father had a good heart for him to lean on. Now he feels terribly sorry for his past feelings about his father, but there is no chance to make up for it. II. Text Analysis: Main Idea and Devices for Developing ItMain Idea of text How a crippled father helps his son keep balance through his act of deep caring.Devices for developing it?1.Exemplification (举例法)General point :Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. (Para.8)Examples:1)When a local baseball team found itself without a manager, he kept it going.(Para. 8)2) He liked to go to dances and parties, where he could have a good time just sitting and watching.(Para. 8)3) On one occasion a fight broke out at a beach party, with everyone punching and shoving. He wasnt content to sit and watch, but he couldnt stand unaided on the soft sand. In frustration he began to shout, “Ill fight anyone who will sit down with me! Ill fight anyone who will sit down with me!” (Para. 9)General point :I now know he participated in some thingsthrough me, his only son. (Para.11)Examples:1)When I played ball (poorly), he “played” too.2)When I joined the Navy, he “joined” too. 3）And when I came home on leave, he saw to it that I visited his office. Introducing me, he was really saying, “this is my son, but it is also me, and I could have done this, too, if things had been different.” Those words were never said aloud.2. Narration Interspersed with Comments(夹叙夹议)1) Narrative parts (Para.1-4) Fathers physical condition and how he managed to get to work.Comments (Para.5): When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage to subject himself to such shame and stress. And at how he did it-without bitterness or complaint.2) Narrative part (Para.6)Father treated others with a good heartComments(Para.7) I believe that is a proper standard by which to judge people. 3. Comparison & Contrast(对比法)The comparison & contrast is centered around “the son” and “the father”1)Their attitudes towards peoples staringThe son: embarrassed to be seen walking with the crippled fatherThe father: never letting on even when bothered or talking about himself as an object of pity.2) Their ways of conducting oneselfThe son: envious of anothers good fortune, short of “ good heart”, complaining about trifles (Para. 12) The father: brave (courage) to subject himself to the shame and stress without bitterness and complaint, showing no envy of the more fortune or able, and looking for “good heart” in others (Para.5 and 6)3) Their dependence on each otherThe son: I put my hand on the fathers arm for my balance of mind when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of anothers good fortune, when I dont have a good heart.The father: I put my hand on the sons arm for my balance of body when we walked together, when I went to work, when snow or ice was on the ground.Part I (Para.1-5)Main Idea : The son was embarrassed to be seen walking with his crippled father, but the father subjected himself to the shame and stress without bitterness and complaint.Devices for developing it : Narration interspersed with comments(夹叙夹议) Narration: Para. 14 Comments: Para. 5Part II(Para.6-7)Main Idea : The son now realizes that his father treated others with a good heart.Devices for developing it : Narration interspersed with comment (夹叙夹议) Para.6：Narration Para.7：CommentPart III(Para.8-11)Main Idea : The fathers attempt to experience things directly and indirectlyDevices for developing it : Exemplification (举例法) General statement: St. 1 of Para. 8 Examples: Para.8 11Part IV(Para.12-13)Main Idea : The father has gone many years, but the son feels regret for his reluctance and relies much more on his father for his balance of mind. Devices for developing it : Induction through introspection (自省式归纳法) 如今父亲已去世多年, 但我时常想起他。 不知他当时是否留意在我们同行时,我不愿意被人看到。若他确实注意到了, 那我真惭愧当时没能对他说我是多么对不起他, 我是个多么不孝的儿子,我是多么后悔。 而现在,每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候, 每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候,每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候, 我就会想起他。 每逢此时, 我就设想我将手搭在他的肩上, 重新找回我自己的平衡, 我会说: “按你的步速走, 我跟着你。”III Language Points1. a good heart to lean one.g. They lean on each other for support. 他们相互依靠，相互支持。2. to help me keep my balancee.g. His speech struck a perfect balance between humor and seriousness.他的演说把幽默性和严肃性的方寸掌握得恰到好处3. to be embarrassed to be seen with my father e.g. I always feel embarrassed to be made to give lectures in public. 每每让我在众人面前演讲时，我总觉得很困窘4. to set the pace e.g If we let the fastest runner set the pace, the others will fall behind. 如果让跑得最快的人领跑，其他的人都会跟不上的5. to try to adje.g. 1）We should adjust expenses to income.2）Freshmen should learn to adjust themselves to the college life as soon as possible.1）我们应该量入为出。2）新生应该尽快适应大学生活。6. to go to work sick e.g. 1）I stared at the blackboard, dumb, expectant.2）He went to bed hungry last night.1)我呆呆地凝视着黑板，心中充满了期望。2)他昨夜饿着肚子睡觉。7. to make it to the officee.g. Its hard to make it to the top in show business 想在演艺圈出人头地，并非易事。8. to cling to the hand-raile.g. Theres no point in arguing with him, for he is a man who clings to the old ideas.同他争论没有意义，他是个墨守陈规的人。9. to keep (the lower steps) free of icee.g. He wished to live a life entirely free of trouble.他希望过一种完全没有烦恼的生活。10. to be amazed at sth.e.g. I was amazed at (by) her rapid progress in English. 她的英语进步迅速，令我大为惊讶。11. to subject himself to such shame and stresse.g. This type of product must be subjected to a number of severe tests before coming into the market.这种产品投放市场前必须进行了数次严格的测试12. to show envy of the more fortunate or ablee.g He finds it difficult to hide envy of his brothers success.他很难掩饰对自己兄弟成功的妒嫉。13. to look for a “good heart” in otherse.g. Nowadays, it is hard to find the spirit of hard work and plain living in some people.现如今在一些人身上很难觅到艰苦朴素的精神。14. a proper standard by which to judge people e.g. In a society short of honesty, it is hard to find a person with whom to share your heartfelt remarks. 在一个缺乏诚信的社会里，很难找15. to participate in in some way e.g. One of the most effective ways of preventing the disease is to participate in sports actively. 积极参加体育运动是防止这种疾病的有效方法之一。16.to have a good time just sitting and watchinge.g. I had a difficult time persuading him to accept the job.我好不容易才劝说他接受了那份工作。17. to be content to sit and watche.g. Nowadays, the college students are no longer content to sit and listen passively in English class. They want the kind of class they can participate in.如今的大学生不再满足于英语课堂的听讲。他们需要能够参与的英语课。18to be urged to take a divee.g. Although repeatedly urged to go home, my pet dog insisted on going together with me.尽管一再催促它回去，我的爱犬执意要与我同行。19. to see to it that I visited his officee.g. See to it that you wash your hands for 30 seconds under the spout to get rid of SARS virus.请务必做到在流水下洗手30秒以除去“非典”病毒。20. to complain about trifles e.g. Our next door neighbor said hed complain to the police about us if we made any more noise.我们的邻居说，如果我们再那么吵的话，他就要向警察投诉。IV Expressions & Patterns1.Typical patterns for cherishing the memory of sth. / sb. (珍视对的记忆)原句:When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. (L. 20) 现在回想起来，我感到十分惊叹。像他那样一个成年人，得有多大的勇气才能经受这样的屈辱和压力。句型提炼1) When sb. thinks of sth. / sb. else now ( someday in the future), he / she (will) feels amazed at 2) 现在（将来有朝一日）回想起某事某人来， 某人会对感到惊叹。应用： a. When they think of what they have undergone in the past 50 years, the old couple feel delighted at how lucky they were to be united in marriage and how faithful they have remained to each other.现在回想起过去50年的风风雨雨，这对老年夫妇为他们有幸结合而且彼此忠诚感到十分欣慰。b. When you think of the battle against SARS someday in the future, you will feel shamed at how you backed away from the critical post to save your own skin. 将来有朝一日想起抗非典战役时， 你会为你临阵退缩、贪生怕死而感到羞愧。原句:I think of him when I complain about trifles, when I am envious of anothers good fortune, when I dont have a “good heart”. (L.47)每当我因一些琐事而怨天尤人的时候，每当我嫉妒别人运气比我好的时候，每当我没有一颗“好心”的时候，我就会想到他。句型提炼2) Sb. thinks of / remembers / calls to mind sth. / sb. when (从句) when (从句), and when (从句)每当的时候，每当的时候，某人就会想到某事 某人。应用： a. This honest official thinks of the peoples great trust when he uses his power, when he makes a choice between personal interest and larger interests, when he faces various attractions.每当行使职权的时候，每当在个人利益和更大利益之间作出选择的时候，每当面对各种诱惑的时候，这位清官就会想到人民的重托。b. SARS will serve as a reminder of what lifestyle we should develop. We will think of it when we spit anywhere, when we help ourselves to wild game, when we are careless of our personal hygiene.SARS 将提醒我们应养成什么样的生活方式。每当我们随地吐痰的时候，每当我们品尝野味的时候，每当我们不注意个人卫生的时候，我们就会想到SARS.2.Typical patterns for time-sequence description 原句:., and he would not have to go outside again until we met him in Brooklyn on his way home. (L. 18)他不用出站，下班回家时，我们就到布鲁克林的地铁站去接他。句型提炼1）Sb. doesnt do / does sth. until 直到某人才。应用： a. I had puzzled over this difficult problem until yesterday I found a solution to it.我一直被这一难题所困扰,直到昨天才找到了解决的办法。b. We tend to realize the value of what we have had until there is no more of it in our life.我们总是等到我们所拥有的东西从我们的生活中消失的时候才开始意识到它的价值。原句:Once there, he wound cling to the hand-rail until he reached the lower steps that the warmer tunnel air kept free of ice.(L.15)一到那儿，他就紧抓着地铁通道的扶手一直往下走，因为地铁内空气暖和，下面几级台阶没有冰雪。句型提炼2) Once /When/While/Until (sb. is ), sb. / sth. does 一旦/ 当时，某人就应用： a. Once you integrate yourself into the new campus life, you will feel its strong impact upon your fixed ideas.你一旦把自己融入到新的校园生活之中, 你就会感受到它对你固有观念的强烈冲击。b. Once bathed in the warmth of such families, you will feel the great power of love.一旦沐浴在那种家庭温馨的氛围中，你会感受到爱的伟大力量。3. Typical patterns for concession原句:Unable to engage in many activities, my father still tried to participate in some way. (L. 29)虽说有很多活动不能参加，但是父亲还是试着以某种方式去参加。 句型提炼1)Adjectival phrase, sb. still does 虽说是, 某人还是 应用： a. Unwilling to accept the job, he still nodded his agreement.虽说他不愿意接受这个任务，但他还是点头同意了。b. Well aware of the danger of rock-climbing, he still loved and indulged in it as before.尽管他很清楚攀岩的危险，但他仍乐此不疲。原句:He would make it to the office even if others could not. (L. 9)即使别人做不到，他也总是按时到办公室。句型提炼2) Sth./Sb. does/iseven if (even though) (从句) 即使尽管, 某事 某人还是应用： a. Their perseverance in the pursuit of truth was well worth our praise even if they didnt make it to their goal. 尽管他们没有成功，他们追求真理的执著精神值得我们赞扬。b. You mustnt be conceited even though youve achieved great success.即使你取得了成绩也不应当骄傲。V. SummaryMy father was severely crippled and short. When I was growing up, I felt embarrassed and ashamed to be seen walking with him. He would lean on me with his hand on my arm for balance, but it was difficult to coordinate our steps-his halting , mine impatient. People would stare. But my father had never been bothered by all this. He never complained about anything and took an active and optimistic attitude towards life and work. He never invited pity for himself, nor did he show envy of the more fortune or able. Now I am older, I come to realize how unworthy I am. Fathers courage, kindness and open-mindedness moved me deeply. Though my father has been gone , I think of him often. It is my father who has helped me keep my balance. “You set the pace . I will try to adjust to you.” Section B1. Reading skillsReading for the Key Ideas in SentencesThe particular reading skill introduced for this unit is reading for the key ideas in sentences. We are reading for information and the ability to find out the key ideas of sentences is of great importance to us. To find out the key idea of a sentence, we have to remember the three important points mentioned in your textbook:1. Ask who or what the sentence is about. 2. Ask what the person or object is doing or what is happening to the person or object. 3. Learn to separate minor details from the main ideas. Many words in sentences describe things about the subject of the sentence and merely add details around it. If you focus on the key idea of a sentence only, just ignore the details as they just help support the key idea but not the key idea of the sentence. Here, we would pick up some sentences from Passage A to find out the key ideas of the sentences.Example1. He was severely crippled and very short, and when we walked together, his hand on my arm for balance, people would stare. (Para. 1, Passage A)Key idea: He was crippled.ExplanationYou see the key idea of this sentence is: “He was crippled”, as this tells you about who the sentence is about. All the other information is about when, and how the father kept balance. Example2. It was difficult to coordinate our steps - his halting, mine impatient - and because of that, we didnt say much as we went along. (Para. 2, Passage A)Key idea: It was difficult to coordinate our steps.ExplanationThe key idea of this sentence is: “it was difficult to coordinate our steps”. The following parts of this sentence are about the reason why it was difficult to coordinate and the result /consequence produced by such a poor coordination. Example3. When I think of it now, I am amazed at how much courage it must have taken for a grown man to subject himself to such shame and stress. (Para. 5, Passage A) Key idea: ?Key idea: I am amazed at his courage.ExplanationIt is very easy for us to find out the key idea of this sentence, if we ask when and why. When-clause is about the time the boy recalled the story, and how-clause induces the reason “I” am amazed at. These are important only in the sense of supporting the key idea, but they are not the key idea of a sentence. Reading Skills: PracticeDirections: In the space provided after each sentence, write the key idea of that sentence. Look at the example.Example: Someone at the hospital called the Red Cross office in Brooklyn, and a request for the boy to rush to Brooklyn was sent to the Red Cross director of the North Carolina Marine Corps camp. (Para. 2, Passage B) Key idea: A message was sent to find the son.1. They found the young man walking through some marshes in a military exercise. (Para. 3, Passage B) Key idea: They found the man.2.He was rushed to the airport in time to catch the sole plane that might enable him to reach his dying father. (Para. 3, Passage B)Key idea: He reached the airport in time.3. The medicine he had been given because of the pain from his heart attack made his eyes weak and he only dimly saw the young man in Marine Corps uniform standing outside the oxygen tent. (Para. 5, Passage B)Key idea: The old man saw the young man (his son). 4. Nights are long in hospitals, but all through the night the young Marine sat there in the dimly-lit ward, holding the old mans hand and offering words of hope and strength. (Para. 6, Passage B)Key idea: The young man sat by the old man the whole night.5. Two days later a message came in from the North Carolina Marine Corps base informing the Brooklyn Red Cross that the real son was o