高考英语语法专题复习--定语从句讲义和练习

高考英语语法专题复习 定语从句 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句,称为定语从句,也叫形容词性从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。1）who, whom, that代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如：He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。2） whose 用来指人或物，例如：They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. Please pass me the book whose （of which） cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如：A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 2.关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于介词+ which结构，因此常常和介词+ which结构交替使用。例如：There are occasions when （on which） one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which） I was born.Is this the reason why （for which） he refused our offer? 3.判断关系代词与关系副词 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. This is the mountain village which I visited last year. Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. Ill never forget the days that we spent together.4.限制性和非限制性定语从句 1） 定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month.The house, which we bought last month, is very nice. 2） 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,例如：Tom failed in the exam, which made his father angry.5.介词+关系词 介词后面的关系词不能省略;that前不能有介词;某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如： This is the house in which (where)I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which (when) you joined our club? 6.as, which 非限定性定语从句 由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。例如：As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us. 7.先行词和关系词二合一 1） Whoever spits in public will be punished here. （Whoever 可以用 anyone who 代替）2） The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school.（what 可以用all that代替）8. what/whatever that 和 what1）what = the thing which；whatever = anything。例如：What you want has been sent here. 你要的动词都送来了。Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。2） that 和 what 当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。What只能引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。例如：I think（that）you will like the stamps.What we need is more practice. 9.关系代词that 的用法 1）不用that的情况 a） 引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. b） 介词后不能用。例如：We depend on the land from which we get our food. 2） 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况 a）在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 b）在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。 c）先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。 d）先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。. e）先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。 三.巩固练习1. His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _ family was poor.A. of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose2. She heard a terrible noise, _ brought her heart into her mouth.A. it B. which C. this D. that3. In the dark street , there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whomD. to whom4. The weather turned out to be very good , _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it5.After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.A. which B. where C. that D. when6Carol said the work would be done by October, personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which7Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _,of course , made the others unhappy.Awho Bwhich Cthis Dwhat 8. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase , _ was very reasonable.A. which price B. the price of which C. its priceD. the price of whose9._ has already been pointed out , grammar is not a set of dead rules.A. As B. It C. That D. Which 10. He lived in London for 3 months , during _ time he learned some English. A. this B. which C. that D. same11. Oh the wall hung a picture, _ color is blue.A. whose B. of which C. which D. its12.Whenever I met him , _ was fairly often, I like his sweet and hopeful smile.A. what B. which C. that D. when13. The visitor asked the guide to take his picture _ stands the famous tower. A. that B. where C. which D. there14.The boss _ department Ms King worked ten years ago look down upon women.A. in which B. in that C. in whose D. whose15. I dont like _ you speak to her.A. the way B. the way in that C. the way which D. the way of which16.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella ._ I got wet through .A. Its the reason B. Thats why C. Theres why D. Its how17. He made another wonderful discovery , _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D.I think which is18.He was very rude to the customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which19. a) He is an interesting speaker, and, _ is more important, he knows his subject thoroughly.b) He went to the meeting, and, _ was worse, insisted on speaking.A. what B. which C. that D. when20. The farmer uses wood to build a house _ to store grain. A. in which B. where C. which D. with which21. I will invite _ my daughter loves. A. whoever B. whomever C. whichever D. whatever22.You can buy as many copies of this book _ you wants. A. that B. which C. as D. for which23. Tom ate more food _ was good for his health. A. that B. as C. than D. which24. He was hiding behind the door _ he could see what was happening. A. which B. from where C from which D. where25. She wore, _ was very uncommon in the country, a red garment. A. what B. that C. which D. it =She wore a red garment , _ was very uncommon in the country.26. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which27. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What28.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which29. I work in a business almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A. how B. which C. where D. that 30. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that31. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others , , of course , made the others envy him . A. who B. that C. what D. which32. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A. Which B. When C. What D. As33. Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachels place. A. when B. where C. what D. which34. A story goes _ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.A. when B. where C. what D. that35. The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year , 80%