英语文稿的格式

第五章文稿格式在英语应试作文中要想拿高分，除了保证遣词、造句、内容组织等正确外，还要避免文章格式方面的“硬伤”，因为这种错误最为明显，最易失分。51 文章的整体布局1. 页边距：要保证作文整体效果美观整洁，就要“留天留地”，也就是说写作内容距离作文纸顶端两厘米，左、右、底部各一厘米处，效果最佳。2. 题目的位置：题目一般都在第一行居中，首尾单词首字母大写，其他单词（包括合成词中连字符后面的单词）的首字母（除冠词、连词和短小的介词、不定式to外）也一律大写。题目中不能使用句号；可以使用引号标注引文或文章的标题，也可使用下划线标注著作名称；如题目本身是一个直接问句，则使用问号，如是间接问句，则不使用问号，如： An Announcement for a Voluntary ProgramA Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction An Eye-Witness Account of a Traffic AccidentShould the University Campus Be Open to Tourists?Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?Why I Take the College English Test Band 63 段落格式：每段第一行向里缩进四到五个字母；每行不能以逗号、句号、分号、冒号、问号、连字符或感叹号等标点符号开头，不能以半个成对标点（如括号、引号）结束。如下文所示：The Harm of PC GamesIf you ask college students about their hobbies, most of them will answer without hesitation, “PC games”. Nowadays staying up playing PC games has become a prevalent phenomenon among youngsters. However, very few people will deny its side-effects. To begin with, it will harm the physical health of the player. Many PC game addicts sit for hours or even days before the computer, doing nothing or even eating nothing. In the long run, their health will collapse and have no strength and energy to live as a normal person. Second, if they indulge themselves in PC games too long, they will become lost and have typical mental problem, IAD (internet addiction disease) by name, which will burden their families or even society.Therefore, despite the entertainment brought by PC games, a sensible attitude is called for to strike a balance between games and life. After all, a successful student is a successful time-manager.4应用文格式 四六级考试中应用文格式需要特别注意的体裁是英文信件，其主要格式包括以下几部分：1日期的位置在右上角或左上角，正确写法为以下几种： 9th May, 2004 May 9, 2004 9/5/2004 5/9/20042称呼的位置在日期下面一行的左侧，正确写法为： Dear Professor Wang, Respected Professor Wang,3结尾的位置在便条结尾的右或左下方，正确写法为： Yours sincerely, Sally Yours truly, Sally Yours, Sally Sincerely yours, Sally Truly yours,Sally Yours respectfully,Sally Respectfully yours Sally如下面文章所示：June 19, 2004Dear Sir/Madam, Im writing to express my dissatisfaction with the poor service of Xinhua bookstore. Last Wednesday I bought an English Chinese dictionary there. The next day when I used the dictionary I found the notes under several word entries are illegible.Then I went back to the bookstore, asking for an exchange. At first, it seemed that the shop assistant who received the dictionary did not get my words. After my repeating several times, he reluctantly went away, trying to get a new one for me. Several minutes later, he was back empty handed, for which he explained that there was no copy left in the store. Therefore, I requested him to contact the Publishing House arranging to replace the dictionary with another one. To my surprise, he said it was not up to him. If I wanted the replacement, I had to contact the Publishing House myself. On hearing it, I became annoyed and told him what I wanted then was a refund. Unexpectedly, he gave me a flat refusal and I left the store furiously. As far as I know, this is the present situation in service trade. Something has to be done to change the situation. In the long run, the poor service will destroy the reputation in service trade, and even affect the whole economy in our country. So it is high time that those working in the lines changed their attitude toward customers and practiced the service concept in their daily work to improve the development of service industry. Sincerely yours, Sally 52 如何拆词：在留页边距时，考生很容易犯的一个错误是不顾音节，随意拆词移行。具体来说应注意下面几点：1 单音节词汇如 march, through, pushed 等不能拆开。2 能构成音节的单个字母不能与原词拆开，置于行首或行尾。如alone, tricky 不能拆成a-lone, trick-y3 分拆到第二行的音节最好至少有三个字母以上，如hated, cabin 不能拆成hat-ed, cab-in，应写成一个词或整个写到第二行。4 专有名词不能被拆开，如China, Austen, 不能拆成Chi-na, Aus-ten 5 合成词只能在连字符处拆开， 如father-in-law, empty-handed6 拆词后不要引起歧义，如pea-cock, re-ally就是错误的。7 另起一页时，上一页的最后一个词不能拆开，整个单词写在下一页。8 带有前缀后缀的单词从词根处拆开，如re-state-ment, un-relent-ing9 含有双辅音字母的双音节词从辅音处拆开，如 strug-gle， shat-ter 53 字母大写 四六级作文中常用到的字母大写情况包含下面几种：1 句首单词，如：Intelligence first，Dear Mr. and Mrs. Brown，Very truly yours2 文章、著作、标识语、电视、广播节目中的关键词，如 Romeo and Juliet/ King Lear The Times/NewsweekInformation Desk/Remittance Section/ Boarding Gate/ Complaint Unit Follow me/ News Probe3 专有名词：1） 人名头衔：Andrew Carnegie, the Senator; the President; the Secretary, the Major; professor Wang;2） 国家地区：Los Angeles; Lake Erie; the Arctic Ocean； 赵县Zhaoxian County; 赵县市Zhaoxian city; 西安Xian； 山西Shanxi； 陕西Shaanxi;3） 街道：Seventh Avenue; Xueyuan Road; Cherry Lane; Ninety-sixth Street 中国上海大连西路550号，邮政编码200083 550 Dalian Road (W), Shanghai 200083, China 上海平凉路234号505室 234 Pingliang Road, Rm (Apt.) 505, Shanghai4） 星期、月份首字母，如 Monday, April5） 学校名称：: Peking University; Beijing Normal University; Beijing Foreign Studies University; Polytechnic of Central London (college for education in scientific and technical subjects) 6)历史时间、时期和节日：: Stone Age; Renaissance; Christmas; the Middle Ages; the Treaty of Versailles; the Anti-Japanese War; Spring Festival; National Day 7)缩写: Ph.D.; M.A.; B.A.; M. Sc. ; A.D. (after the birth of Jesus Christ); B.C. (before Christ) 8)政府或服务机构: the House of Representatives the Senate the Department of Labor the British Embassy the Ministry of Foreign Affairs 9)商标: Ikea, Hyatt, Hilton, Morgan Stanley, Volvo 10)体育赛事: International Olympic Committee (IOC) Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 国际足联 FIFA World Cup X-sports （极限运动） 11)原自文学、艺术或轶事的词汇:Marxism, the Confucian school, Buddhism, Taoism, social Darwinism, Hegelian, Latinize, Judas, Shylock 12）科技词汇尤其是网络词汇: PC， IT， IAD （Internet Addiction Disease 网络成瘾综合症 ）， AI （Artificial Intelligence 人工智能 ）Empire, CS (电子游戏) RUOK-Are you Ok?THX-ThanksTTYL-Talk to you later 巩固练习：纠正下面两篇文章的在整体布局、拆词和大写方面的错误。1Dear director of the sales department,My name is Li Ming. I am an ordinary consumer of your shop. I venture to write you a letter about the problems caused by the star pc model vce I bought from your shop.The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the PC. For one thing, the server is often down and I have to kick it now and then. For another, when I am in the midd-le of my job, the computer suddenly buzzes for unknown reason. Honestly spe-aking, I am not making fuss over this purchase. But it is not convenient for me to do daily work. In brief, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope you provide me a new PC. Thank you for your time and kind consideration. Key: 1. 信件格式：没有日期；没有结尾的署名 2段落格式：每一段第一行没有缩进4-5个字母 第三行不能以句号开头3 拆词： middle 不能将后两个字母与原词拆开，应写成一个词，或整个写到下一行。 speaking 应从后缀处拆分speak-ing，或不分 4大写：director 头衔称谓应大写sales department 销售部门，首字母应大写 star pc model vce 专有名词应大写范文： April, 6 2006Dear Director of the Sales Department, My name is Li Ming. I am an ordinary consumer of your shop. I venture to write you a letter about the problems caused by the Star PC Model VCE I bought from your shop.The focus of the complaint is the poor quality of the PC. For one thing, the server is often down and I have to kick it now and then. For another, when I am in the middle of my job, the computer suddenly buzzes for unknown reason. Honestly speaking, I am not making fuss over this purchase. But it is not convenient for me to do daily work. In brief, there is still much room for improvement. I do hope you provide me a new PC. Thank you for your time and kind consideration. Sincerely yours Li Ming 2. Why I take the college english test band 6?Some students think it unnecessary to take cet-6. They hold this view because cet-6 is not compulsory and they can get a ba degree so long as they pass cet-4. Besides, it is very difficult and takes them much time and energy. However, I think it necessar-y and beneficial to take the test. My reasons for taking cet-6 are the following. If I decide to take cet-6 as one of my goals, I will work hard at it. In the process of preparation my English will be imp-roved greatly. Moreover, if I can pass cet-6, I will be awarded with a certificate, which is one of advantages in my job hunting. At the same time, I can learn about customs and culture in English-speaking countries so that I can gain more opportunity to be employed by joint ventures to earn more and to broaden my horizon as well. The la-st reason is that the improvement of English may also facilitate my future study and research.In short, taking cet-6 is good to both my study and my personal development. I will be happy to make preparation for it. Key: 1.标题的使用：位置应居中。此标题为间接问句，不用问号。除the 外其余单词首字母均大写 2页边距：标题距顶部应留2厘米边距，文章左、右、下侧应各留1厘米的边距。3拆词：第三行necessary 不能将y 拆到下一行，应分成neces-sary，或整词保留在上一行。第六行improved 应从前缀处拆分，或整个保留在上一行倒数第五行last 单音节词汇不能拆分。4大写：Band-6, Band-4 专有名词，应大写BA degree 应大写范文Why I Take the College English Test Band 6Some students think it unnecessary to take CET-6. They hold this view because CET-6 is not compulsory and they can get a BA degree so long as they pass CET-4. Besides, it is very difficult and takes them much time and energy. However, I think it necessary and beneficial to take the test. My reasons for taking CET-6 are the following. If I decide to take CET-6 as one of my goals, I will work hard at it. In the process of preparation my English will be improved greatly. Moreover, if I can pass CET-6, I will be awarded with a certificate which is one of advantages in my job hunting. At the same time, I can learn about customs and culture in English-speaking countries so that I can gain more opportunity to be employed by joint ventures to earn more and to broaden my horizon as well. The last reason is that the improvement of English may also facilitate my future study and research.In short, taking CET-6 is good to both my study and my personal development. I will be happy to make preparation for it. 54 易错标点的使用 541 句号 句号一般用于陈述句、祈使句末尾；还可用来标识缩略词，如Mr. Mrs. Ms. Ph.D. U.S.A. U.K. a.m. p.m. 等；但在当代英语中缩略语往往不使用句号，尤其是组织机构的名称，新闻和广播机构，如: UN UNESCO NATO BBC NBC 等；在使用省略号时，英语中用三个句号来表示，不要过多使用，如：“What do you mean?” “I meanwell, I mean you neednt be involved in it.”; 而如果省略号用于句尾，则需加一个句号，一共需要四个句号。 542 逗号 逗号一般表示句子中的停顿，通常在以下情况中使用：1 用于复合句中连接词(and, but, or, for, so, nor, yet )之前a. He asked the question in a loud voice, but no one answered.b. She shouldnt go to the airport to meet him, nor could she send anyone in her stead.c. He is an eccentric boy, yet you cant help liking him.2 用于状语或状语从句后(包括介词和分词短语)，主句的主语前，或者句中a. Just at the moment, Mr. Wang came in and found my cheating behavior.b. In brief, the enlightenment he gave me will always encourage me in my whole life. c. After my repeating several times, he reluctantly went away, trying to get a new one for me. 如果状语较为短小，则可以省略逗号，如：a. In college I took such major courses as Electrical technology and engineering science, and some minor courses like English and German.b. On hearing this I knew something terrible had happened. 如果状语或状语从句位于主句后，逗号也可省略，如：a. I would be very grateful if you could send me the necessary forms and any information about financial aid in your program.b. Something crashed the OS and I lost all my files in the middle of my work.3 并列的单词、词组或分句之间用逗号隔开。a. Some kinds of books, such as cartoon books, popular novels and magazines only can entertain us and make us feel relaxed in our spare time.b. For them, there is no better than to meet more people, make more money and get more experience, so they often change their jobs.4 非限制性从句或短语用逗号与主句隔开。a. Collective life will benefit their physical and mental health, which is their parents expectation of college.b. We, the adults, are capable to take care of ourselves and should be on our own in some degree.5 插入语部分用逗号隔开。a. They have many courses: Chinese, English, Mathematics, History, to name just a few.b. The ideal lecturer is one who has an interesting teaching style, a diverse academic background, a good reputation among students and, if possible, a humorous and amiable personality. 6. Yes, No, Surely, Certainly, Of course, however, therefore, consequently 等副词后使用逗号。a. Certainly, there is a good side in choosing teachers by students.b. However, it cannot be denied that it can also bring some side-effects.7 用于标识日期。 如果日期排序按照 month-day-year，需要用号隔开，如：Sep 10, 2006;如果按照 day-month-year，则不需逗号，如：on 10 Sep 20068 当数字超过一千，需要使用逗号从右向左每三位使用一次，如：319，087 / 23，654，0859 直接引语前使用逗号。a. As the proverb goes, “Knowledge is power”, now some universities have allowed their students to choose their own teachers for certain courses in order to gain more power.b. They said, “well come to your help.” 10 由小到大分隔地点时，使用逗号。 丁11, Xueyuan Road, Rm(Apt.)608, No.3 Building (W), Haidian District, Beijing, China11书信中称呼语和结尾语后使用逗号。Dear Sir/Madam, Yours sincerely, Kang 543 引号 引号一般用于直接引语，而不是间接引语之后，如： “Have you done your exercises?” the teacher asked. The teacher asked whether we had done our exercises. 引号还用于文章、短诗、歌曲、著作章节的标如： The Peoples Daily carries an important article today: “The Present Situation in Iraq.” 此外，一些词的特殊含义也可以用引号引起来： Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck? 在与其他标点符号连用时，会出现以下几种情况：1 句号、逗号放在引号内：“John,” she said, “Ive lost my gloves.”“John, Ive lost my gloves,” she said.You should read his articles on “New Criticism, ” which is very interesting.2 分号、冒号放在引号外：First he talked about “New Criticism”; then he discussed “postmodernism.”The dictionary gives a brief explanation of “postmodernism”: a style of building, decoration, art, etc., which uses an usual mixing of old and new forms.3 破折号、问号和感叹号与引语直接相关时，放在引号里面，与整个句子相关时，放在引号外：She asked, “What does modernism mean?”What is the meaning of “New Criticism”?“Help! Help!” she cried.Stop crying “I want it”! 544冒号1 冒号用于书信开头，比使用逗号更正式。 Dear Professor Smith: Dear Sir:2 用于演讲词开场白后。 Dear Fellow Students: Ladies and Gentlemen:3 用来引出解释、总结或同位语。Three causes have been given for the failure: poor planning, hasty behavior, and shortage material.4 引出谚语或声明。My grandpa often mentions one saying by Confucius: “To say you know when you know, and to say you do not when you do not, that is knowledge.”At the meeting he made an important announcement: he would resign from the committee in two weeks. 545 分号 分号经常用于连接两个没有关联词（如 and, but, or, nor, so, for, yet ）相连的独立分句。如： a. No one is born with knowledge; knowledge must be taught and learned. b. If you agree to do the things beyond your ability, the result will only be worse; if you promise to do the unreasonable or even the illegal favors, such as cheating at the exam, you will not only put your friend in danger but involve yourself into trouble. 诸如however, therefore, hence, nevertheless, moreover, thus, otherwise, besides 之类的连接副词不能用来连接两个并列分句，如要连接，前面需用分号。 The traffic is always heavy; hence people prefer to cycle. The invention brought him fame; moreover, it brought him money. 当分句内部又有逗号时，与另一分句连接时，需用分号。 Unfortunately, he couldnt come; and his absence made things difficult for us. 546 省略符号1 表示名词的所属关系，如：womens status for face sake ten miles distance2 专有名词的所属关系1） 多音节专有名词：Thomass 或Thomas2） 单音节专有名词 Janes, Maxs Schultss3 表示数字的节略，如：1976- 764 表示单一字母的复数：As, mind ones Ps and Qs 547 破折号 破折号经常用在摘要总结之前，如： Father, Mother, John and Susan-all were surprised by my announcement. 也可用来代替逗号，起强调作用。 I have made a resolution-to be a useful man. 548 圆括号 主要引出解释或补充性信息，如： They will become lost and have typical mental problem, IAD (internet addiction disease) by name, which will burden their families or even society. 549 下划线 著作、期刊、报纸、戏剧、长诗、电影和歌剧的名称通常用下划线或斜体，如：Peoples Daily, Wuthering Height 5413 斜线 一般表示选择性事物，如This university provides scholarship and/or loans55 常用修改符号 1) 添加词或词组，如： youPlease speak to me before leave 2) / 删除冗余词汇巩固练习：纠正下列段落的标点错误。1 Have you ever met some occasions on which you should not hesitate to refuse when asked for help in your daily life? For example when the request is beyond your ability or is unreasonable or even illegal you are supposed to say no without hesitation.2 I am good at communication and organizing and always ready to help others, which is fit for the president of the students union. Moreover I have a variety of hobbies such as basketball, football, table tennis etc. I am sure that I am well qualified for this position. 3 Looking into the future I will try my best to serve my fellow students if I am lucky enough to be the president of the stude