山大考博英语.doc

小孩劳动。08年山大作文 Not just on your textbooks As a graduate student, you can not just pay attention to your textbooks. You should participate in more physical activities in the army, factories or countryside. First of all, we are in a society that is full of all kinds of knowledge. It is necessary for us to learn them in the society. Then, if you want to be competitive in applying a job after graduation, you had better participate in more physical activities. For a company, your social experience may be more important than your knowledge from your textbooks. Finally, taking such activities can help you grasp your textbook better. When you solve the practical problem with your knowledge, you improve it also. I would like to give the suggestion: Dont miss any opportunity to participate in physical activities.European football superstar David Beckham made a cautious debut with his new team, the Los Angeles Galaxy, Saturday evening. Mike OSullivan reports from Los Angeles, the British midfielder played to a packed house for just 12 minutes.David Beckham holds up his jerseyIt was an international friendly match between the Galaxy and the visiting English club Chelsea. Beckham, who is nursing an injured ankle, came in as a substitute in the 78th minute of the game.The short debut was enough for the sellout crowd, which roared its approval.Chelsea beat the Galaxy 1-0 on a goal in the 49th minute. Los Angeles soccer fan Ben Hauser was disappointed, but says with Beckham on the field, the game was exciting.It was definitely worth it. He electrified the crowd. You know, Im a huge soccer fan, but if youre not a soccer fan, David Beckham is one to really get you excited about soccer in general. So its pretty cool, said Hauser.Young soccer fans at gameA visiting British soccer fan named Pete from Birmingham would have liked to see more of Beckham.Ive seen David Beckham play before, and it was disappointing only to get 10 minutes of him. But it was a good game. Chelsea won, one-nil, he said.Beckham, who last played for the Spanish team Real Madrid, has signed a five-year contract with the Galaxy worth more than $30 million. The deal will reach nearly $250 million with endorsements.The Galaxy hope their new star will put U.S. Major League Soccer, or MLS, on the map. Galaxy fan Ned Compher thinks Beckham can do that.He can get the buzz going on, get the spark going with, hopefully, a newfound sport in Southern California, and America, he said. And were just excited that everyones coming out. Its a beautiful day. I hope it keeps going, and MLS just keeps growing and growing and growing.The Galaxy will resume its Major Soccer League schedule with a game at Toronto August 5.The humanitarian group Doctors Without Borders has released a new report on prices of AIDS drugs. It says while there have been dramatic price reductions for some older medicines, newer, less toxic drugs may cost significantly more. The report was released Monday at the 4th International AIDS Society Conference in Sydney, Australia.The report - entitled “Untangling the Web of Price Reductions” looks at the cost of first-line and second-line antiretroviral drugs. First-line drugs are the initial combination of medicines given to someone with HIV, the AIDS virus. Second-line drugs are prescribed when the first drug cocktail loses its effectiveness.Karen Day is a pharmacist with Doctors Without Borders Campaign for Access to Essential Medicines. She says the report can help countries make informed decisions when buying the medicine.“There were two main points that came out this year. Well, two most significant changes in these last 12 months is that the second line prices are finally starting to move and come down. And then in the first-line regime well, the good news of the first-line is its now available under $100 per year. On the flip side of that, though, is as WHO (World Health Organization) has recommended moving away from this regime to a less toxic one it looks like were putting back the prices of the first-line regime to almost $400 or $500 (per year), which is putting us back about six years,” she says.Years of negotiations, legal battles and lobbying have brought the cost of current first-line medications below $100 a year in developing countries.“The current first line thats used today predominantly in developing countries is a combination of three drugs - Lamivudine, Stevudine and Nevirapine. And its three tablets in one pill. So its a fixed-dose combination,” she says.Day says that the price of the first-line combo is rising because the World Health Organization has recommended replacing Stevudine with Tonofovir, which has fewer side effects. But before the price of newer drugs can come down, and before theyre readily available in developing countries, issues such as patents, generic copies and availability must be resolved first.The good news in the Doctors Without Borders report is that prices for second-line medicines are down sharply. One reason is that is they have been standardized and simplified by the WHO. Another is the effect of a compulsory license issued by Thailand in January. In certain situations, trade agreements allow a country to issue a compulsory license, which allows it to legally import or manufacture an AIDS drug locally. In effect, it bypasses some of the patent regulations.“More competition. Thats the best way weve seen to get prices coming down. With multiple producers, its the best way to bring on the competition,” she says.Doctors Without Borders says, “Significant delays persist between when newer treatments become available in wealthy countries and when they become available in the developing world Popular Writing in the Exam1. Write on the Title given either in English or in Chinese. Usually outlines are provided. And opening sentences may be displayed for you to continue. E.g.（题目）：Good Health （提纲）：（1）Importance of good health； （2）Ways to keep fit； （3）My own practices. Opening sentence（起始句）: The desire for good health is .Model:1).The desire for good health is universal. My desire is to be , such as2).But how to put the desire into practice? There are many ways to keep fit, for example, 3).I run, though slowly, for half an hour in the morning everyday, play .makes me strong -my best wishSome sentence patterns commonly-used in controlled writing:- 说明原因的句型:1. There are some/two/many good reasons for./to do.Example: There are two reasons for the changes in peoplesliving conditions. First, we have been carrying out an openingand reform policy. Second, our national economy is developingrapidly and the birth rate has been put under control.2. We have two good reasons for.Example: We have many good reasons to object to smokingin public places.1. The reason for . is that + 从句Example: The reason for my being late was that I missed the bus.- 表示不同看法的句型:1. Different people have/hold different opinions/views on the question/problem/matterSome believe that . Others argue that . Still others maintain that . 2. They are quite different from each other in their opinions.3. Some people hold the opinion that it is good to have a small family.4. They think quite differently on this question.Example: Parents and children think differently on this question.Parents hold that children should work hard and do well at school.Children, however, maintain that they should have more freedomto spend their leisure time and to plan for their own future.- 表示必须,紧急,有困难做某事的句型:1. It is important (necessary, urgent, difficult, easy, convenient, comfortable, expensive, desirable, advisable) for sb. to do sth. Example: 1) It is expensive to run a car.2) It is convenient to get round in the city if you own a car.3) It is urgent for the government to take measures to control the birth rate in our country4) It is desirable to build more hospitals, shopping centres, recreation centres, cinemas, and public facilities to meet the increasing needs of the people.2. .have trouble/difficulty/a hard time/a difficult time (in) doing sth .(有困难做某事)They have trouble finding a satisfactory job. have trouble with sth. (对. 有困难,不好对付)- 关于因果关系的句型1. The cause of /reason for higher prices was an increase in demand.2. Because/As/Now that/Since the demand has increased, the prices are higher.3. An increase in demand causes/results in/leads to/produces higher prices.4. The demand has increased. Therefore,(/As a result,/For this reason,/Because of this,/Consequently, ) the prices are higher.5. If there is an increase in demand, then prices rise.(/go up. /boost./are higher.)- 结尾句型:1. In my opinion, I am in favor of owning a car.2. Personally, I prefer to work in the country rather than in the city.3. In short, parents and children should learn to get through to each other. Only in this way can the most difficult problemsbe solved properly.4. In conclusion, we cannot achieve success without effort and hard work.5. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the opinion that No pains no gains. “Choosing A Career”Directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic “Choosing A Career”. You must write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline given ( in Chinese) below. You should write the composition on the Composition Sheet. 1. 择业是每个青年人面临的问题。 2. 择业的标准是什么。 3. 我们应持的态度 All people in the world have to work in one way or another, for they spend most of their life at jobs. And only through work can people earn their living, change the world and conquer the forces of nature. Therefore young people, after leaving school, have to choose a career. A good career helps to develop themselves and brings happiness to family. In short, a right career means everything to them. Since childhood people usually have many expectations in their careers. Some people want to be teachers, doctors or lawyers; others may like to become sportsmen, film stars or artists. Whatever careers you choose, youd better pay attention to such basic questions as Are you qualified for the career? Is it interesting and enjoyable? Is it lawful and beneficial to the people and the society? Is it rewarding with satisfactory income? when you plan your career, you must start to prepare yourself for it. To reach your goals, you must work hard at school. Of course, things are changing rapidly now. Certain jobs which you desired may have disappeared. In that case, you have to continue education and training to meet the new challenge. In the job market where there is fierce competition, you need to adopt a flexible attitude, take any job available. If it does not suit you in the long run, then drop it and look for new ones. “A Few Remarks on Competition”Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on “A Few Remarks on Competition”. Your composition should be no less than 100 words. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet. 1. 竞争是存在于如今社会的普遍现象。 2. 竞争的好处。 3. 竞争的同时不要忘记合作。 In our modern society you may feel competition everywhere. The athletes for example, fight with each other for championships. The students compete for prizes and scholarships at school. The unemployed struggle for any opportunities available in the job market. And every day in the business world the most fierce competition is taking place as each enterprise tries to get a bigger slice of the market. Hard as competition is, it has certain advantages as well. Firstly, it provides citizens, whatever social status they have, with opportunities to achieve their goals. Everyone with his own efforts is equal on the way to success. Secondly, people usually feel stimulated by the challenges from rivals. Under competition one turns out to be more active and efficient. Furthermore, competition gives impetus to the fast development of the modern world, in which each person shows greater initiative at work . However, a competitive society can never neglect the importance of cooperation, for competition does not mean the isolation from others In fact, right cooperation with other people will make wiser and more effective use of our intelligence and energy, and thus increase the forcefulness of competition. The Role of Migrant WorkersAs is known to all, migrant w