英语技能培训系列之写作.doc

英语技能培训系列English Writing常用衔接短语根据衔接词本身在文章中起到的作用，主要分为以下四类，即“起”、“承”、“转”、“合”。（一）表示“起”的词/词组：用于开篇引出扩展句。5at first 最初 for one thing（for another）at present 现在；当今 首先（其次）currently 目前；最后 recently最近first（ly）第一 in general 一般说来in the beginning 起初 one the one hand（on the other hand）一方面，另一方面。to begin with 首先；first of all 首先；第一 generally speaking 一般地说in the first place 首先；第一 on the whole 总起来说lately 最近 to start with 首先；第一presently 现在；此刻 （二）有关“承”的常用词语：用来承接上文。after/after that/afterwards此后 by this time 此时after a few days 几天以后 certainly 无疑地；当然地after a while过了一会儿 therefore 因此；结果also/too 并且；又 for example 例如at the same time 同时 for instance 例如beside 此外 for this purpose 为了这个目的Besides/what,s more 而且；此外 from now on 从此in addition 此外 second 第二；第二点in addition to 除之外 secondly 第二in fact 事实上 similarly 同样地in other words 换句话说 so 所以in particular 特别（地） soon 不久in the same way 同样地 still 仍然by the way 顺便提一句 then 然后indeed 的确 third 第三；第三点meanwhile 与此同时 thirdly 第三moreover 而且，此外 for another 其次no doubt 无疑地 such as 正如obviously 明显地 later 后来of course当然 truly 事实上；真实地particularly特别地 unlike 不像；和不同what is more 而且；此外（三）有关“转”的常用词语：用来表示不同或相反的意见。after all 毕竟 fortunately 幸运地all the same 依然；照样 however 然而；无论如何anyway 无论如何 in spite of 尽管；虽然at the same time同时；然而 luckily 幸运地but 但是 by this time 此时though/although 尽管 no doubt 无疑地in/by contrast 对比之下 on the contrary 相反地even though即使 otherwise 否则still 仍然 unfortunately 不幸地in fact 事实上 unlike 不像；和不同as a matter of fact 事实上 yet仍；然而；但是 especially 特别地（四）有关“合”的常用词语：用于小结上文或结束本段落的内容。above all 最重要的是 accordingly 于是as a result结果 in sum 总之，简而言之as has been noted 如前所述 in summary 简要地说as I have said 如我所述 on the whole 总体来说；整个看来at last 最后 therefore 因此by and large 一般说来 thus 因此briefly 简单扼要地 to speak frankly 坦白地说by doing so 如此 to sum up 总而言之eventually 最后 surely 无疑finally 最后 to conclude 总而言之in brief 简言之 no doubt 毫无疑问in conclusion 总之，最后 undoubtedly 无疑in short 简而言之 truly 的确in a word 总之 so 所以 all in all 总之certainly 当然地；无疑地 obviously 显然常用句型l 常用于引言段的句型1. Some people think that .To be frank, I can not agree with their opinion for the reasons below.2. For years, has been seen as , but things are quite different now.3. I believe the title statement is valid because.4. I cannot entirely agree with the idea that . I believe.5. My argument for this view goes as follows.6. Along with the development of, more and more.7. There is a long-running debate as to whether.8. It is commonly/generally/widely/ believed /held/accepted/recognized that.9. As far as I am concerned, I completely agree with the former/ the latter.10. Before giving my opinion, I think it is essential to look at the argument of both sides.l 常用于正文段的句型一、表示比较和对比的常用句型和表达法1. A is completely / totally / entirely different from B.2. A and B are different in some/every way / respect / aspect.3. A and B differ in.4. A differs from B in.5. The difference between A and B is/lies in/exists in.6. Compared with/In contrast to/Unlike A, B.7. A, on the other hand,/in contrast,/while/whereas B.8. While it is generally believed that A , I believe B.9. Despite their similarities, A and B are also different.10. Both A and B . However, A; on the other hand, B.11. The most striking difference is that A, while B.二、演绎法常用的句型1 There are several reasons for, but in general, they come down to three major ones.2 There are many factors that may account for, but the following are the most typical ones.3 Many ways can contribute to solving this problem, but the following ones may be most effective.4 Generally, the advantages can be listed as follows.三、因果推理法常用句型1. Because/Since we read the book, we have learned a lot.3. We read the book; as a result / therefore / thus / hence / consequently / for this reason / because of this, weve learned a lot.4. As a result of /Because of/Due to/Owing to reading the book, weve learned a lot.5. The cause of/reason for/overweight is eating too much.6. Overweight is caused by/due to/because of eating too much.7. The effect/consequence/result of eating too much is overweight.8. Eating too much causes/results in/leads to overweight.四、举例法常用句型1. Here is one more example.2. Take for example.3. The same is true of.4. This offers a typical instance of.5. We may quote a common example of.6. Just think of.l 常用于结尾段的句型一、对全文进行归纳总结的句型1 From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that.2 Taking into account all the factors, we may safely come to the conclusion that.3 Judging from all the evidence offered, we may safely arrive at/reach the conclusion that.4 All the evidence supports a sound conclusion that5 From what is mentioned above, we may come to the conclusion that6 To sum up/draw a conclusion, we find that.7 In short/brief/a word/conclusion/sum/, it is.8. Therefore/Thus/Then, it can be inferred/concluded/deduced that.9. From/Through/According to what has been discussed above, we can come to/reach/arrive at/draw the conclusion that.二、表达个人观点的句型1. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.2. As far as I am concerned, I am really/completely in favor of the test/policy.3. In conclusion/a word, I believe that.4. There is some truth in both arguments, but I think the disadvantages of outweigh its advantages.12. I take/hold a negative/positive view of.三、表达建议的句型1. Its high time that we tried every possible means to put an end to.2. Its really high time we took measures to solve the problem of/put an end to.3. There is still a long way to go towards solving the problem. We hope that efforts should be mad