Unit3 Environment.ppt

li main teachingobjective masterthekeywordsandstructures andlearnsomethingabouttherainforest thestudentsarerequiredtounderstandtheimportanceofenvironmentalprotection teachingprocedures keypoints vocabulary structure skills absorbatmospherecontaineconomicestablishgreenhouseimpressionprocesspurchaserainforestresourcesolutionvaryspeedupnomorethancarbondioxide itisthemodernworldthathasspeededup itispeoplethemselveswhoarethebiggestcause usingwordpartstofindoutthemeaningsofwordsreadingachartlayoutofbusinessletters leadinactivity studyofthetext studyofwordsandphrases studyofreadmore studyofpracticalreading studyofpracticalwriting li main leadin 1 paradiselost 2 rainforest 3 christophercolumbus 1451 1506 4 amazon river 5 topic relatedwordsandphrases ts main textstudy 1 globalreading 2 detailedreading ts gr globalreading 1 questionsandanswers 2 textanalysis cs 4 groupdiscussion consolidation 1 dictation 2 wordsandphrases 3 listeningpractice la 2 practicalreading languageapplication 1 practicalwriting dpt p1 drillsforpretcotest 1 listeningcomprehension 2 vocabularyandstructure 3 translation li 1 1 paradiselost themasterpieceoftheenglishpoetjohnmilton 1608 1674 andoneofthegreatestpoemsinworldliterature itwaspublishedin1667andtellsthestoryofsatan s 撒旦 rebellionagainstgodandhisexpulsionfromheavenandthesubsequenttemptationandexpulsionofadamandevefromthegardenofeden li 1 2 paradiselost satan sexpulsionfromheaven temptationofadamandevebysatanandtheirexpulsionfromthegardenofeden li 2 1 rainforest woodlandischaracterizedbylushvegetationandheavyrainfall rainforestsaretheworld smostbiologicallydiverseecosystems althoughtheycoverlessthan10percentoftheearth ssurface tropicalrainforestsprovidehabitatfor50to90percentoftheworld splantandanimalspecies tropicalrain forestsarecalledthe jeweloftheearth the earth slungs andthe world slargestpharmacy becauseofthelargeamountofnaturalmedicinesdiscoveredthere thelargesttropicalrainforestsexistinsouthamerica samazonbasin theamazonrainforest intheequatorialportionsofthedemocraticrepublicofcongo andinmuchofindonesia temperaterainforests dominatedbyonlyafewspeciesoftrees arefoundalongthepacificcoastofnorthamericafromalaskathroughwashingtonstate intheformeryugoslavia andinpartsofjapan li 2 2 rainforest tropicalrainforest temperaterainforest distributionoftropicalrainforests li 3 1 christophercolumbus 1451 1506 italianspanishnavigatorwhosailedacrosstheatlanticoceanin1492 inanattempttofindashorterroutetoindia hemadeatotaloffourtripstothecaribbeanandsouthamericaduringtheyears1492 1504 heachievedfamebymakinglandfallintheamericas whichhelatercalledthe newworld thearrivalofhisshipsinthewesternhemispherewasoneofthepivotaleventsinworldhistory itopenedupanewworldforeuropeansandinitiatedthespreadofwesterncivilizationtoanewhemisphere li 3 2 christophercolumbus 1451 1506 fourvoyagesofchristophercolumbus li 4 1 amazon river theamazonriveristhelargestriverintheworld withitsmorethan1 000tributaries theamazonrivernetworkencompassesalmosthalfofsouthamerica theamazonitselfis6 516km 4 050miles long onlythenileriverislonger itstotaldrainagebasinisnearlyaslargeastheentireunitedstates withroughlyhalfinbrazilandtherestinperu ecuador bolivia andvenezuela theamazonbasinhasaverywarmandhumidclimate itrainsalmost200daysoftheyear andtheannualrainfallexceeds2 000mm 80inches theamazonhasbyfarthegreatesttotalflowofanyriver carryingmorewaterthanthemississippi nile andyangtzeriverscombined li 4 2 amazon river theamazonbasin li 5 1 topic relatedwordsandphrases deforestation theremovaloftheforestbyhumanschieflyasaresultofclearinglandforcommercialandindustrialdevelopment therateofclearancehasbeenincreasingrapidly estimatesofdeforestationoftropicalforestforthe1990srangefromca 55 630km toca 120 000km eachyear atthisrate alltropicalforestsmaybegoneinlessthan80years deforestationisoftencitedasoneofthemajorcausesoftheenhancedgreenhouseeffect thepromotionofsoilerosionandthedestructionofthehabitatsthatsupportbiologicaldiversity li 5 2 topic relatedwordsandphrases satelliteimagesofprogressivedeforestation in1975 1986 1992fromlefttoright li 5 3 topic relatedwordsandphrases ecology thebranchofsciencethatstudiesthedistributionandabundanceoflivingorganisms andtheinteractionsbetweenorganismsandtheirphysicalandbiologicalenvironment thephysicalenvironmentincludeslightandheatorsolarradiation moisture wind oxygen carbondioxide nutrientsinsoil water andatmosphere thebiologicalenvironmentincludesorganismsofthesamekindaswellasotherplantsandanimals li 5 4 topic relatedwordsandphrases elni o originallyrecognizedbyfishermenoffthecoastofsouth america peruandecuador elni oisthewarmingofthesurfacewatersoftheeasternequatorialpacificoceanthatoccursatirregularintervalsof2 7years usuallylasting1 2years becausethisconditionoftenoccursaroundchristmas localfishermennameditelni o spanishforboychild referringtothechild jesus inmostyearsthewarminglastsonlyafewweeksoramonth however whenelni oconditionslastformanymonths moreextensiveoceanwarmingoccursandeconomicresultscanbedisastrous recentelni oshaveoccurredin1986 1987 1991 1992 1993 1994 1997 1998 2002 2003 andanewelni ohasbeenineffectsinceseptember2004 globalwarming atermusedtodescribeanincrease overaperiodoftime oftheaveragetemperatureofearth satmosphere globalwarmingtheoriesattempttoaccountfortheriseinaverageglobaltemperaturessincethelate19thcentury about0 6 c andassesstheextenttowhichtheeffectsareduetohumancauses themostcommonglobalwarmingtheoriesattributetemperatureincreasestoincreasesinthegreenhouseeffectcausedprimarilybyanthropogenic human generated carbondioxideandtopossibleincreasesinsolaractivity li 5 5 topic relatedwordsandphrases chartofabnormaloceansurfacetemperatures c observedindecember1997 ozone paleblue highlypoisonousgaswithastrongodor ozoneisconsideredapollutantatgroundlevel buttheozonelayeroftheupperatmosphereprotectslifeonearthfromthesun sharmfulultravioletradiation ozoneisoneofthreeforms calledallotropes oftheelementoxygen ozoneistriatomic meaningthatithasthreeatomsineachmolecule formulao3 ordinary ordiatomic oxygen o2 ismorestablethanozoneandaccountsforthebulkofoxygenintheatmosphere electricalsparksandultravioletlightcancauseordinaryoxygentoformozone thepresenceofozonesometimescausesadetectableodornearelectricaloutlets li 5 6 topic relatedwordsandphrases theinstrumentalrecordofglobalaveragetemperaturesascompiledbytheclimaticresearchunitoftheuniversityofeastangliaandthehadleycentreoftheukmeteorologicaloffice hisdescriptionwasthefirstknownwrittenoneabouttherainforest ts p1 questionsandanswers1 questionsandanswers directions skimtheparagraphsforanswerstothefollowingquestions hethoughtitwasmostbeautifulandquitedifferentfromthatineurope withflowersandfruits andlittlebirdssingingsweetly paragraph1 question howdidcolumbusthinkoftherainforest answer paragraph2 question whatisspecialaboutcolumbus descriptionoftherainforest answer ts p1 questionsandanswers2 intheauthor sview therainforestsaretheoldest paragraph3 whataretheoldestcommunitiesoflivingthingsontheearth answer question therainforestscovernomorethansevenpercentoftheearth ssurfacetoday paragraph4 whatdoyouknowabouttherainforestsintheworldtoday answer question ts p1 questionsandanswers3 thesecondarygrowth referstothenewgrowthaftertheoriginalgrowthhasbeendestroyed paragraph5 whatis thesecondarygrowth answer question moderntechnologydoubtlesslyincreasesefficiencywhenpeopletrytocutdowntrees paragraph6 howdoesthemodernworldspeeduptheprocessofdestruction answer question ts p1 questionsandanswers4 itishumanbeingsthataretoblameforsuchdestruction paragraph7 whoistoblameforthedestructionofrainforests answer question whenthetreesarecutdown thesoilwashesawayeasily paragraph8 howdoesthelandbecomedesertaccordingtothepassage answer question ts p1 questionsandanswers5 theproblemismainlycausedbythegovernmentsthathavetopaytheirdebts thesettlerswhoneedmoneytofeedtheirfamilies andthecompaniesthatwanttomakeprofits paragraph9 whatcausedtheproblemmentionedinthispassage answer question ts textanalysis textanalysis mainideas columbus firstdescriptionofrainforests althoughbeautiful rainforestsarefragile thecityoflondonwasoncecoveredbyrainforests todayrainforestsonlyexistinasmallpartoftheworld 1 2 3 4 paragraphs 5 6 7 8 9 theeffectoftheclearingofrainforests moderntechnologyspeedsupthedestruction humanbeingsarethebiggestcauseofdestruction thenegativeeffectonland climate globaltemperature theeconomicoriginoftheproblemandthesolution ts readin s rainforestsareoneofthemostvaluablenaturalgiftsintheworld butnowtheyaredyingout whathashappened readin ts readin w rainforestsareoneofthemostvaluablenaturalgiftsintheworld butnowtheyaredyingout whathashappened readin ts readin w dyingout rainforestsareoneofthemostvaluablenaturalgiftsintheworld butnowtheyaredyingout whathashappened dieout becomeextinctorceasetoexistgradually灭绝 逐渐消失 e g dinosaursdiedoutmillionsofyearsago it sacustomwhichisbeginningtodieout cf dieoff diegraduallyonebyone tillnoneareleft referstoanimalsorplants 相继死去直至死光 e g thewidowwasstillinhermiddle agewhenherrelativesdiedoff e g ts 1 2 s paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile ts 1 2 s1 paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile itremainshardtobeat paraphrase thewrittendescriptionofarainforestinthenewworldhasalwaysbeenoneofthebestofitskind ts 1 2 w paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile ts 1 2 w des paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile descriptionn astatementorapieceofwritingthattellswhatsth orsb islike描写 记述 描述 e g igavethepoliceadescriptionofthestolenjewellery extendedwords describe descriptive thebeautyoftherockiesisbeyonddescription e g ts 1 2 w beat paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile beatv defeat acompetitor ordoorbebetterthan sb orsth 击败 胜过 e g weplayedthetopclassatfootballbutwecouldn tbeatthem theroomwasn tmuch butitbeatdrivingtoahotel20milesaway e g ts 1 2 w extra paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile extraordinarilyad veryunusually非常地 特别地 格外 e g herlastalbumwasextraordinarilysuccessful wefoundhimextraordinarilywell informedonamericanaffairs e g ts 1 2 w fragile paradiselost christophercolumbussaidthathehadneverseenanythingsobeautiful trees beautifulandgreen differentfromours withflowersandfruitsandlittlebirdswhichsingverysweetly thegreatnavigator simpressionisthefirstknownwrittendescriptionofarainforest itremainshardtobeat rainforestsareextraordinarilybeautiful butthebeautyisfragile fragilea easilydamaged broken orharmed易被损坏的 易碎的 脆弱的 e g becarefulwiththatvase it sveryfragile ifeltratherfragile weak forafewdaysaftertheoperation e g ts 3 s forty fivemillionyearsagorainforestscoveredthecityoflondon andrainforestswerethenover30millionyearsold thatmakesthemtheoldestcommunitiesoflivingthingsontheplanet ts 3 w forty fivemillionyearsagorainforestscoveredthecityoflondon andrainforestswerethenover30millionyearsold thatmakesthemtheoldestcommunitiesoflivingthingsontheplanet ts 3 w make forty fivemillionyearsagorainforestscoveredthecityoflondon andrainforestswerethenover30millionyearsold thatmakesthemtheoldestcommunitiesoflivingthingsontheplanet makev causetobe become usuallybyhavingthenecessaryqualitiesorcharacteristics使成为 成为 e g it sthegoodweatherthatmakesspainsuchapopulartouristdestination icedteamakesagooddrinkinsummer e g shedecidedthebackroomwouldmakeagoodstudy e g ts 3 w commun forty fivemillionyearsagorainforestscoveredthecityoflondon andrainforestswerethenover30millionyearsold thatmakesthemtheoldestcommunitiesoflivingthingsontheplanet communityn thepeoplelivinginoneparticularareaorpeoplewhoareconsideredasaunitbecauseoftheircommoninterests backgroundornationality agroupofanimalsorplantsthatliveorgrowtogether社区 社会 公众 界 生态 群落 e g busfareswereraiseddespitetheprotestsofthecommunity herspeechcausedoutrageamongthescientificcommunity e g todaytheworld srainforestscovernomorethansevenper centofitssurfaceeventhoughtheystillcontainmorethan50per centoftheearth slivingspecies thegreatestandmostfamousofallremainingrainforestsisfoundinbrazil whoseamazonbasin withitsthousandsofsmallandlargestreams isalmosttotallycoveredbytrees therestoftheworld srainforestscanonlybefoundinwestafrica south eastasia andthepacificislands ts 4 s ts 4 w todaytheworld srainforestscovernomorethansevenper centofitssurfaceeventhoughtheystillcontainmorethan50per centoftheearth slivingspecies thegreatestandmostfamousofallremainingrainforestsisfoundinbrazil whoseamazonbasin withitsthousandsofsmallandlargestreams isalmosttotallycoveredbytrees therestoftheworld srainforestscanonlybefoundinwestafrica south eastasia andthepacificislands todaytheworld srainforestscovernomorethansevenper centofitssurfaceeventhoughtheystillcontainmorethan50per centoftheearth slivingspecies thegreatestandmostfamousofallremainingrainforestsisfoundinbrazil whoseamazonbasin withitsthousandsofsmallandlargestreams isalmosttotallycoveredbytrees therestoftheworld srainforestscanonlybefoundinwestafrica south eastasia andthepacificislands ts 4 w nomorethan no notmorethan usedtoemphasizehowsmallanumberoramountis只不过 仅仅 e g therearebeautifulmountainsnotmorethantenminutes driveaway eachboxrequiresnomorethanafewhoursoflabortobuild e g todaytheworld srainforestscovernomorethansevenper centofitssurfaceeventhoughtheystillcontainmorethan50per centoftheearth slivingspecies thegreatestandmostfamousofallremainingrainforestsisfoundinbrazil whoseamazonbasin withitsthousandsofsmallandlargestreams isalmosttotallycoveredbytrees therestoftheworld srainforestscanonlybefoundinwestafrica south eastasia andthepacificislands ts 4 w contain containv havesth inside orholdsth 包含 含有 e g factoryshopscontainawiderangeofcheapfurnishings thebookcontainsalltheinformationyouneed e g todaytheworld srainforestscovernomorethansevenper centofitssurfaceeventhoughtheystillcontainmorethan50per centoftheearth slivingspecies thegreatestandmostfamousofallremainingrainforestsisfoundinbrazil whoseamazonbasin withitsthousandsofsmallandlargestreams isalmosttotallycoveredbytrees therestoftheworld srainforestscanonlybefoundinwestafrica south eastasia andthepacificislands ts 4 w species speciesn aclassofplantsoranimalswhosemembershavethesamemaincharacteristicsandareabletobreedwitheachother 植物或动物的 种 物种 人种 e g pandasareanendangeredspecies thereareseveralthousandspeciesoftreeshere e g todaytheworld srainforestscovernomorethansevenper centofitssurfaceeventhoughtheystillcontainmorethan50per centoftheearth slivingspecies thegreatestandmostfamousofallremainingrainforestsisfoundinbrazil whoseamazonbasin withitsthousandsofsmallandlargestreams isalmosttotallycoveredbytrees therestoftheworld srainforestscanonlybefoundinwestafrica south eastasia andthepacificislands ts 4 w remaining remaininga stillleftorstillexisting剩下的 剩余的 e g theunitedstateshaswithdrawntheremainingstafffromitsembassy extendedword remain e g thethreepartieswillmeetnextmonthtoworkoutremainingdifferences ts 5 s whentherainforestsarecleared theytakealongtimetocomeback afewrapidlygrowingspeciesquicklybecomeestablished butthissecondarygrowth asitiscalled isfarlessrichandvaried ts 5 w whentherainforestsarecleared theytakealongtimetocomeback afewrapidlygrowingspeciesquicklybecomeestablished butthissecondarygrowth asitiscalled isfarlessrichandvaried ts 5 w clear whentherainforestsarecleared theytakealongtimetocomeback afewrapidlygrowingspeciesquicklybecomeestablished butthissecondarygrowth asitiscalled isfarlessrichandvaried clearv removeorgetridofwhateverisblockingorfillingsth ormovepeopleawayfrom aplace 清除 清理 搬移 拿走 开垦 砍伐 e g i llmakethecoffeeifyou llclearthetable paulhelpedhiselderlyneighbourbyclearingherpathofsnow clearingsnowfromherpath afterthebombthreat policeclearedtheareauntilitwassearched e g e g ts 5 w establish whentherainforestsarecleared theytakealongtimetocomeback afewrapidlygrowingspeciesquicklybecomeestablished butthissecondarygrowth asitiscalled isfarlessrichandvaried establishv grow orcauseaplanttogrow successfullyinanewplace 植物 树木等 生长 长成 e g thenewownersestablishedanavenueofpoplars keeptheareaweededtoallowtheseedlingstoestablish e g ts 5 w second whentherainforestsarecleared theytakealongtimetocomeback afewrapidlygrowingspeciesquicklybecomeestablished butthissecondarygrowth asitiscalled isfarlessrichandvaried secondarya derivedfromsth original非原始的 间接的 次生的 二代的 e g thedrugisnotveryeffectiveagainstaids thoughitmaybeusedtotreatsecondaryviralinfections youcan tjustrelyonsec