高中英语外研版必修三语法 不定式 Infinitive 讲解 练习

动词不定式 不定式由 to 动词原形 构成 其否定形式是 not nevertodo 不定式可以作主语 宾语 状语 表语和定语 但不能单独作谓语 不定式 结构 todo 否定 not nevertodo 二 时态与语态 不定式 todo tobedone tobedoing tohavedone tohavebeendone tohavebeendoing 1 Iamsorrytohearthat Iplantoattendthemeetingtobeheldtommorrow 2 Hepretendedtobesleeping 一般式表示与谓语的动作同时或发生在它之后 进行式表示在谓语动词发生的同时 不定式的动作也正在进行 3 Iamsorrytohavekeptyouwaiting Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore Theroomseemstohavebeencleanedalready 完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前 4 sheissaidtohavebeenwritingthenovelsformanyyears 完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前 不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续 1 作主语 2 作宾语 3 作宾语补足语 4 作定语 5 作状语 6 作表语 7 作独立成分 8 与疑问词等连用 不定式可以作以下句子成分 三 用法 功能 Toseeistobelieve It simportantforustolearnEnglishwell Itiskindofyoutohelpme 1 主语 单个不定式作主语时 谓语动词用单数若不定式太长 往往用it作形式主语 不定式置后 Myjobtohelpthepatient Yourtasktocleantheclassroom is is 2 表语 3 Allyouhavetodois to finishthejobquickly 2 Myjobistohelpthepatients 2 作表语 不定式常用在系动词be seem appear get remain等后作表语 如果主语部分有实义动词do的任何形式 用作表语的不定式可省略to Iwanttogohome Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain 3 宾语 think consider findit adj todo 常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有 hope refuse learn setoutchoose decide agree manage pretend plan 不定式用在介词but except besides后时 如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式 那么介词后的不定式不带to 相反则带to 1 Shecoulddonothingbutcry 2 Ihavenochoicebuttogo 3 Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp 4 宾补 五看 watch see lookat observe notice 三使 let make have 二听 listento hear 一感觉 feel 半帮助help 以下动词作宾语补足语省略to Ihavesomethingtosay Hehasalotofhomeworktodo Heislookingforaroomtolivein Thereisnothingtoworryabout 5 定语 1 当名词被thefirst thelast theonly等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 常用动词不定式做定语 eg Sheisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave 2 不定式作定语时 作后置定语 Ihavealotofworktodo 我有很多工作要做 Heisalwaysthefirsttocome 他总是第一个来 Weallhaveachancetogotocollege 我们都有上大学的机会 eg Hespokeloudly soas inorder tobeheard 6 作状语 1 表示目的 to inorderto soasto Icameheretoseeyou Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain 2 表示原因不定式可以用在作表语的形容词后作状语 sorry surprised happy glad eager angry foolish right wrong slow quick rude cruel disappointed等 eg I mglad pleasedtoseeyou Weweresurprisedtohearthenews 3 结果状语 onlytodoadj adv enough todotoo adv adj todo Wehurriedtothestationonlytofindthetrainhadleft Thechildisnotoldenoughtogotoschool Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool 8 不定式与疑问词who which when how what等连用 在句中起名词作用 可充当主语 表语 宾语等 Hedidn tknowwhattosay 他不知道说什么 宾语 Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant 如何解决这个问题很重要 主语 Myquestioniswhentostart 我的问题是什么时候开始 表语 几对易混淆的词组 stoptodosth 停止去做某事doingsth 停止正在做 forgettodosth 忘记去做 doingsth 忘记已做了 remembertodosth 记得去做 doingsth 记得曾经做 1 Shesaidshe heruncleverymuchandhoped him A missed tohearfromB missed tohearC misses hearingfromD misses hearing Let sdosomeexercises 2 aliving shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight A TomakeB madeC MakingD Tohavemade3 MrsBrownregretted hisson A beatedB beatingC beatD beaten 4 Ioftenhearhim aboutthegreatwriter A totalkB talkC speakingD totell5 Missingthelastbusmeans home A towalkB walkingC walkedD walk 8 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donot9 Ididn thearyoucomeinlastnight That sgood Wetried noisy A nottoB tobenotC tobeD nottobe 10 IhearthatyouandFranciswillspendyourvacationinNepalnextspring Yes weareplanning A toB tobeC itD todoit 12 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot A turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff 1 Thelastone paysthemeal Agreed A arrivedB arrivesC toarriveD arriving 高考链接 2 ThereisnothingmoreIcantry youtostay soIwishyougoodluck A beingpersuadedB persuadingC tobepersuadedD topersuade 高考链接 3 Myparentshavealwaysmademe aboutmyself evenwhenIwastwelve A feelingwellB feelinggoodC feelwellD feelgood 高考链接 12 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmake C notmakingD nottomake Grammar1 6 Exercise 5m Answers Itisdangeroustobetravelingduringasandstorm Expertshopetolearnmoreaboutthemovementofthunderstorms Weweretoldnottoleavethehouse Theworkonthehouseneedstobecompleted thework bytheendoftheweek Mosthousesseemtohavebeendestroyedbythestorm Grammar1 7 Exercise 5m Answers Itisfrighteningtobeworkingintheroadinasandstorm IhopeIreachhomesoon Expertshopetolearnmoreaboutthemovementofsandstorms I dliketobetoldaboutthesituationbeforenow Theworkneedstobecompletedbytheendoftheweek Myfatherwasoutofthecitywhenthesandstormcame Hewasverygladtohavemissedit Thebuildinghastobefinishedbytheendoftheyear Toseearealsandstormwasveryfrightening exercise 1 LastsummerItookacourseon A howtomakedressesB howdressesbemadeC howtobemadedressesD howdressestobemade 2 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob A expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects3 Therearefivepairs butIamatalosswhichtobuy AtobechosenBtochoosefromCtochooseDforchoosing 5 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB havinggoneC goingD tohavegone6 lateinthemorning Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingslept 4 Ifindtheseproblemsareeasy A tobeworkedoutB toworkthemoutC toworkoutD tobeworkedthemout 7 Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident losehisjob A sonotastoB soasnottoC soastonotD notsoasto8 Johnwasmade thetruckforaweekasapunishment A towashB washingC washD tobewashing 9 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation A toeatnotB eatingnotC nottoeatD noteating 10 It ssaidthattheOlympicGames inBeijingin2008willcovermoreeventsthananyotherOlympicsdid A holdingB tobeheldC heldD tobeholding11 Willyoupleasetellmewhyyouhadnopen inclass Kate A tohavewrittenB tobewrittenwithC tohavebeenwrittenD towritewith Myteacherwasmade histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth givingupB togiveupC giveupD givenup2 Thesentencewants oncemore explainedB toexplainC beingexplainedD explaining3 TheArcticisconsidered thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic havingbeenB tohavebeenC tobeD being B D C 4 TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth forhimwithoutdelay tohavewovenB tobewovenC tobeweavingD toweave5 IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard learnedB learningC tobelearnedD tolearn6 Thelightintheofficeisstillon Oh Iforgot turningitoffB turnitoffC toturnitoffD havingturneditoff B D C 几对易混淆的词组 stoptodosth 停止去做某事doingsth 停止正在做 forgettodosth 忘记去做 doingsth 忘记已做了 remembertodosth 记得去做 doingsth 记得曾经做 7 Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers Thekey theproblemistomeetthedemand bythecustomers tosolving makingB tosolving madeC tosolve makingD tosolve made8 Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool Itisaverygood schooltostudyinB schoolforchildrentostudyC studyingschoolD schooltostudy B A 9 Didyougetajob No I butit snouse expectedB triedtoC managedtoD planned10 Wefinditimpossibleforthework aheadoftime tofinishB finishingC beingfinishedD tobefinished11 IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain Whynot therebyboatforachange totrytogoB trygoingC totrygoingD trytogo B D B 12 aliving shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight TomakeB MadeC MakingD Tohavemade13 Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan forfood begB beggingC beggedD tobeg14 Theboypretended whenhismotherentered readingB toreadC tobereadingD beingread A A C 1 Robertissaid abroad butIdon tknowwhatcountryhestudiedin tohavestudiedB tostudyC tobestudyingD tohavebeenstudying2 Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier itmoredifficult notmakeB nottomakeC notmakingD don tmake3 I veworkedwithchildrenbefore soIknowwhat inmynewjob expectedB toexpectC tobeexpectingD expects 4 Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple butitremains whethertheywillenjoyit toseeB tobeseenC seeingD see5 ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows itwhattodowithB whattodowithitC whattodoitwithD todowhatwithit6 Themotherdidn tknow toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout A whoB whenC howD why 7 Pauldoesn thavetobemade Healwaysworkshard A learnB tolearnC learnedD learning8 Weagreed herebutsofarshehasn tturnedupyet A havingmetB meetingC tomeetD tohavemet9 Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet buthismothertoldhim A nottoB nottodoC notdoitD donotto 10 Thepatientwaswarned oilyfoodaftertheoperation A toeatnotB eatingnotC nottoeatD noteating11 Iwouldlove tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport A togoB tohavegoneC goingD havinggone12 CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered thefirstcomputer A toinventB inventingC tohaveinventedD havinginvented 13 LittleJimshouldlove tothetheatrethisevening A tobetakenB totakeC beingtakenD taking14 lateintheafternoon Bobturnedoffthealarm A TosleepB SleepingC SleepD Havingsleep15 Theteacheraskedus somuchnoise A don tmakeB notmakeC notmakingD nottomake II 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 MoreandmorepeopledonotlikewatchingTV theprogramsseem get worseallthetime 2 Thepoemissaid translate intomanylanguagesinthepastdecade 3 Thefluisbelieved cause byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat tobegetting tohavebeentranslated tobecaused 1爱和被爱都是最大的幸福 arebothgreathappiness 2中国人民决不会征服 TheChinesepeoplerefuse 3据说他已经完成了他的工作 Heissaid 4根据报道他们已安全到达 Theyarereported Toloveandtobeloved togivein beconquered tohavefinished completedhiswork tohavearrivedsafely 5我想叫人立刻修理这辆自行车 Iwantthisbike 6玛利仿佛已经告诉这件事了 Maryseemed 7众所周知 奥运会上他被授予了一枚金牌 Heisknown agoldmedalattheOlympic toberepairedatonce immediately tohavebeentoldaboutit tohavebeengiven II 用所给词的适当形式填空 1 MoreandmorepeopledonotlikewatchingTV theprogramsseem get worseallthetime 2 Thepoemissaid translate intomanylanguagesinthepastdecade 3 Thefluisbelieved cause byvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethehumannoseandthroat tobegetting tohavebeentranslated tobecaused 4 ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang whowasreported break theworldrecordinthe110 meterhurdlerace 5 Youaresaid write anewnoveltheseyears Haveyoufinishedit tohavebeenwriting tohavebroken istolengthenlife 节约时间就是延长生命 2 Sheiseasy 她很好相处 3 WhenIcalledhim hehappened 我给他打电话时 他正在洗澡 III 根据汉语提示 用不定式完成下列句子 Tosavetime togetalongwith tobetakingabath 4 Thebookissaid 据说这本书已经被翻译成好几种语言 5 Theexperiencemakesusrealizethatmuchoftheworldremains 这次经历使我们意识到世界上有很多东西仍有待探索 6 Theteacheraskedus 老师叫我们不要如此吵闹 tohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguages tobeexplored nottobesonoisy 7 Thenewsreporterhurriedtotheairport 这位新闻记者急匆匆赶到机场 结果被告知电影明星已经走了 8 Idon tthinkitpossible 我认为一次记住100个英语单词是不可