[英语学习]上外课件：unit 07_b 第六册_英语综合教程_外教社

Unit 7,Text ExplanationPart II,Paragraph 7,Superstition seems to run, a submerged river of crude religion, below the surface of human consciousness. It has done so for as long as we have any chornicle of human behavior, and although I cannot prove it, I doubt if it is more prevalent today than it has always been. Superstition, the theologians tell us, comes from the Latin supersisto, meaning to stand in terror of the Deity. Most people keep their terror within bounds, but they cannot root it out, nor do they seem to want to do so.,submerged,under water; e.g. at the bottom of a body of water; beneath the surface of the waterRail lines throughout Austria were submerged and the Danube River reached record heights整个奥地利的铁路线被淹没，多瑙河的河水高度达到了历史高度These islands are actually the peaks of an ancient volcanic mountain range submerged by the sea.这些岛屿实际上是被大海淹没的一个古老火山山脉的山峰群。,crude,not carefully or expertly made;not refined or processedIt is a crude trap, and it has worked for too long.China is rich in iron ore, bauxite, zinc, nickel, coal and crude oil deposits.中国拥有丰富的铁矿石、铝土矿、锌、镍、煤炭和原油储量。Behind the crude lectern, off to a side, stands a curtained puppet theatre.在粗糙的读经台后面，偏向一边，是一座挂着幕布的木偶戏台。,chronicle,n.a record or narrative description of past eventsWe looked in the almanac published by the Chronicle of Higher Education.我们在高等教育编年史出版的年鉴上查找相关信息。Be sure to write down the chronicle in details and ask the teacher to sign.各班应由专人详细填写使用记录簿，并于课后请任课教师签名。” It is a rich chronicle of momentous events and the people that played their part in them.它是一部记载重大事件及参与其中的相关人物的内容丰富的编年史书。,prevalent,adj.encountered generally especially at the present timeThe habit of travelling by aeroplane is becoming more prevalent.乘飞机旅行的习惯变得越来越盛行了Such a situation is very prevalent in America today since so many women are HIV positive.这种情形在今天的美国很普遍，因为太多的妇女是HIV呈阳性者。,terror,an overwhelming feeling of fear and anxiety; a person who inspires fear or dreadSir Charles terror was so great that his weak heart stopped,and he died查尔斯爵士恐怖过度，导致原本就很虚弱的心脏停止跳动，他就死了The child clung round my neck in terror, and almost strangled me.那个孩子吓得紧紧地抱住我的脖子，差点把我掐死terrorist, terrorism, terrify, terrific,bound(n.),a line determining the limits of an areaGod Himself has “placed the sand as the bound of the sea” (Jer. 5:22).上帝亲自用沙为海的界限（耶利米书5章22节）。The content and the bound of private property right should be in conformity with the law私有财产权的内容及界限应当符合法律；,Paragraph 8,The more the teaching of formal religion delines, or takes a sociological form, the less God appears to great numbers of people as a God of Love, resuming his older form of a watchful, minatory power, to be placated and cajoled. Superstition makes its appearance, apparently unbidden, very early in life, when children fear that stepping on cracks in the sidewalk will bring ill fortune. It may persist even among the greatly learnedand devout, as in the case of Dr. Samuel Johnson, who felt it necessary to touch posts that he passed in the street. The psychoanalysts have their explanation, but calling a superstition a compulsion neurosis does not banish it.,decline,change toward something smaller or lowerThe decline of the warehouse cost can bring the benefit to the whole supply chain and advantages of all.仓储成本的降低可以给整个供应链带来利益的提升和双赢的优势。In industrial societies, these taboos fade as infant and child mortality declines, lessening the pressure on women to reproduce.到了工业社会，当婴儿和孩童的死亡率降低时，这些禁忌便随之消失，女性的生育压力也随之降低。,sociological,of or relating to or determined by sociologyIs Great Harmony Confuciuss Sociological Idea?大同是孔子的社会理想吗?I have in mind the existence of sociological laws or hypotheses.我想，社会科学规律或假说是存在的。Why did the sociological tradition fade?为什麽社会学的传统日渐式微？,resume,take up or begin anew; return to a previous location or conditionJack resumed his work after answering the question.杰克回答完问题后重新开始工作Kick off means a kick from the center of the field to start a football game or to resume it after a score.中圈开球即从场地中间踢球，表示足球比赛开始或得分后重新开始。,watchful,carefully observant or attentive; on the lookout for possible dangerIt is important that health organizations remain watchful.卫生组织保持警惕是极为重要的。The children played under the watchful eye of their father.孩子们在父亲的小心照看下玩耍。President Obama has said officials are being watchful, not fearful.奥巴马总统说官员很警惕但并不恐惧。,minatory,threatening or foreshadowing evil or tragic developmentsThe gas disaster is more serious than the others, and it is the mainly minatory factor.瓦斯灾害较为严重，是煤矿安全生产的主要威胁因素。minacious, minacity, minaciously,placated,cause to be more favorably inclined; gain the good will ofYou had better placate your parents angry你最好安抚你家人的怒气。Ferguson also needs to placate irate United fans.弗格森同时需要安抚愤怒的曼联球迷。placation, placative, placatory,cajole,v.influence or urge by gentle urging, caressing, or flatteringI dont want to cajole you into receiving my view.我不想诱使你接受我的观点She favours carrots and sticks to cajole Iran and North Korea into abandoning their nuclear ambitions.她喜欢用胡萝卜加大棒的方式来劝诱伊朗和朝鲜放弃它们的核武器野心。,make ones appearance,appear, show upSenator Ted Kennedy is also expected to make an appearance tonight.参议员特德肯尼迪也有望在今晚出席。What aspects of Chinese history will make an appearance in the game?哪些在中国发生的历史事件会在游戏中出现？Various kinds of up-to-date household appliances, latest fashions and recreation make their appearance with each passing day.各种现代化的家用电器、时装和娱乐层出不穹、日新月异。,unbidden,not invited, voluntaryThe unbidden guest have nowhere to sit.不速之客无处可坐。 The word floated back to him, unbidden.这个词语不由自主地回现在他的脑中。it was as if I had come unbidden into their personal gardens好像我成了他们私人花园的不速之客。,devout,earnestThe devout Christian persists in his belief.那个虔诚的基督教徒坚持他的信念。Devout men buried Stephen and made great lamentation over him.有虔诚的人把史蒂芬埋葬了，为他捶胸大哭。A group of devout monks began a one-day chanting.一群僧人虔诚的开始了一天的诵经。,psychoanalyst,n.a licensed practitioner of psychoanalysisGuys, you would say that I should have run to a psychologist or psychoanalyst.This was my first idea too.诸位，你们大概会说我本来应该去找一个心理学家或者心理分析师，这也是我最初的想法。Freud initiated his critical research as a psychoanalyst and doctor.弗洛伊德是以精神分析学家，或医生的身份开始他的思辨工作的。,compulsion,an urge to do or say something that might be better left undone or unsaid; using force to cause somethingGambling is a compulsion with him.赌博对他来说是一种冲动。He felt a great compulsion to drive too fast.他感到一阵想要开飞车的强烈冲动。John will take his medicine only by compulsion.只有对他用强制手段约翰才会服药。,neurosis,n.a mental or personality disturbance not attributable to any known neurological or organic dysfunctionNeurosis essentially consists of stupid behavior by non-stupid people.神经官能症本质上是由来自不愚蠢人的愚蠢行为组成的。Since World War II, psychologists have focused on fixing what is broken -repairing psychosis, and neurosis.二战以来，心理学的研究重点是如何弥和创伤，即治疗精神症和神经症。,Paragraph 9,Many superstitions are so widespread and so old that they must have risen from a depth of the human mind that is indifferent to race or creed.Orthodox Jews place a charm on their doorposts; so do (or did) the Chinese. .they hastened to bless him, lest the soul be seized by the Devil.Superstition seems to have a link with some body of belief that far antedates the religions we know - religions which have no place for such comforting little ceremonies and charities.,indifferent,marked by a lack of interest；showing no care or concern in attitude or action My wife is indifferent to politics news.我太太对政治新闻漠不关心。How can you be indifferent to the crisis?你怎能对这场危机漠不关心呢?It was utterly indifferent to her who he was.对她来说，他是谁，根本是无关紧要的事。,creed,any system of principles or beliefs； the written body of teachings of a religious group that are generally accepted by that groupThis is an indispensable part of his creed .这是他的信条中必不可少的一部分。I stand for freedom of speech for everyone regardless of color, race or creed.我主张不管肤色、种族和宗教信仰如何，人人都有言论自由。,hasten,act or move at high speed；speed up the progress of; facilitate This, I hasten to state, did not happen.这一点，我要赶快声明，没有发生。Police and firemen continued to hasten evacuation of the hotel.警察和消防队员继续加快疏散饭店的工作。We hasten to gather our flowers lest they are plundered by the passing winds.我们匆匆采集花朵，惟恐他它们被路过的风儿掠走。,come by,visit informally and spontaneously； obtain, especially accidentallyHow did you come by this picture?你是怎麽得到这张照片的？Come by any time. Well talk about it.你随时都可来。我们一起讨论一下。Warm professionals were not easy to come by .热心的内行是不容易碰上的。,antedate,be earlier in time; precede, go back furtherThe cold weather antedated their departure.寒冷的天气使他们提前离开。All this is not to antedate the demise of the empire.这一切不会使帝国提前衰亡。If you used yesterdays date on a check written today, you have antedated the check.假如你在支票上填了昨天的日期，那么日期弄错了。,charities,a foundation created to promote the public good (not for assistance to any particular individuals);an institution set up to provide help to the needy He subscribes liberally to charities 他慷慨地捐助慈善事业。My father donated all the money to charities and the poor.我爸爸把所有的钱都捐给慈善机构和穷人。At Christmas many charities appealed to us to help the poor.圣诞节期间，许多慈善机构呼吁我们帮助穷人。,Paragraph 10,People who like disagreeable hisotrical ceremonies recall that when Rome was in decline, supersitition proliferated wildly, and that something of the same sort is happening in our Western world today. They point to the popularity of astrology, and it is true that sober newspapers that would scorn to deal in love philters carry astrology columns and the fashion magazines count them among their most popular features. But when has astrology not been popular? No use saying science discredits it. When has the heart of man given a damn for science?,disagreeable,not to your liking; not agreeing with your tastes or expectationsHe is a disagreeable fellow.他是个难以相处的家伙。Betty is a disagreeable girl; she quarrels with everyone.贝蒂是个脾气很坏的姑娘,见了谁都会争吵。Learn to disagree without being disagreeable要学会平和地发表反对意见。,proliferate,grow rapidly or cause to grow or increase rapidlyIn recent decades, the variety of religious beliefs practiced in America has continued to proliferate .最近几十年，在美国所见到的各种宗教信仰仍继续激增。If the plants proliferate on the surface of Mars sussessfully, the oxygen will accumulate in the atmosphere of the Mars如果，这些植物在火星表面成功繁殖，氧气将在火星大气里积累。,astrology,n.a pseudoscience claiming divination by the positions of the planets and sun and moonI recently developed an interest in astrology.最近我对占星学发生了兴趣。The Babylonians are said to be the first to practice Western astrology.据传，巴比伦人是最早使用西洋占星术的人。,sober,not affected by a chemical substance (especially alcohol)No man in his sober senses would act like this 任何一个头脑清醒的人都不会这样行事。A spokesman says Obama will offer a sober assessment of how things stand.一位发言人说称奥巴马将对目前的情况做一个合理的评估。Stone sober as I was, I was still smarting from those old insults and injuries.尽管我非常镇定自若，这些老一套的侮辱和伤害仍使我感到痛苦。,discredit,cause to be distrusted or disbelieved; damage the reputation ofThat boy is a discredit to his family.那个男孩是他家庭的一种耻辱。They no longer try to discredit the technology itself.他们不再试图怀疑这种技术本身。Such behavior will discredit you with your colleagues.这样的行为将会让你在同事们中名誉扫地。,Paragraph 11,Superstition in general is linked to mans yearning to know his fate, and to have some hand in deciding it.I knew an Italian, a good scientist, who watched every morning before leaving his house, so that the first person he met would not be a priest or a nun, as this would certainly bring bad luck.,yearning,longed unfulfilled desire or needAll that they do is cry to God with yearning hearts.他们所做的只是用渴望的心来对神大喊。The trees come to my window like the yearning voice of the dumb earth.绿树长到了我的窗前，仿佛喑哑的大地发出的渴望的声音。yearn: (v.) desire strongly or persistently,innocently,in a naively innocent mannerBut this is the bit that is too easily forgotten, innocently or otherwise.但这些东西太容易被忘记不管是有意还是无意。innocent: (adj.) free from evil or guilt; not knowledgeable about something specifiedThey have imprisoned an innocent man.他们监禁了一个无辜的人。It is a wicked thing to frame an innocent person.设计诬陷一个清白的人是很败坏的行为。,anniversary,n.the date on which an event occurred in some previous year (or the celebration of it)My birthday coincides with my wedding anniversary.我生日和我结婚纪念日巧合。The man was in trouble because he forgot his wedding anniversary.那个人遇到麻烦，因为他忘记他的婚礼周年纪念日。PRINCES William and Harry today unveiled plans to mark the 10th anniversary of the death of their mother Diana, Princess of Wales.英国王子威廉和哈里于今天公布了为纪念他们的母亲戴安娜王妃逝世10周年的活动计划.,parade,a ceremonial procession including people marching; an extended (often showy) succession of persons or things; a visible displayThere will be the 14th Big Parade in Chinese history.这将是新中国历史上第14个国庆大阅兵。If the rain lets up a little, they may begin the parade.如果这雨小一点的话，他们就可以开始游行了。The bands are the most important part of the main Carnival parade.在主要的嘉年华游行中，乐队是最重要的一个部分。,Paragraph 12,I am not one to stand aloof from the rest of humanity in this matter, for when I was a university student, a gypsy woman with a child in her arms used to appear every year at examination time, and ask a shilling of anyone who touched the Lucky Baby; that swarthy infant cost me four shillings altogether, and I never failed an examination. Of course, I did it merely for the joke - or so I thought then. Now, I am humbler.,aloof,adj.remote in manneradv.in an aloof mannerLater on, he bec