情态动词用法大全

,1 Can/couldThe girl can dance very well.I could swim across the river when I was young.1 表示能力,-Can I go now?-yes, you can.2 表示请求和允许，多用于否定与疑问结构中。表示请求，口语中常用could代替can.Could you lend me some money?,In winter the winds can bevery cold.Anybody can make mistakes.3 表示推测 (可能；可以；会),How can you be so foolish!4 表示惊讶，怀疑，不相信（主要用于否定句，疑问句和惊叹句）,Be able to Can 表示一贯的能力，be able to 表示通过努力成功做到某事的能力。另外，因为can不能和其他助动词连用，所以表示将来时用will be able to,I cant skate. But I am sure I will be able to skate through more practice.The fire spread through the hotel, but everyone was able to get out.,2 May/ might-May I come in ? -Yes, please.1 表示请求、允许;比can正式:答语避免使用may，以免显得太严肃或太不客气.might比may 的语气更委婉。,It may be a trick.He might have some fever.He may not come today.It cant be our headmaster.2 表示推测，意为“许可，可能”might比may可能性更小。注意：表推测时, may not 意为“可能不”。 Can not意为“不可能”,May you succeed!祝你成功！3 May 用于祈使句表示祝愿。,3 Will /wouldI will never do that again.1 用于表示意志或意思。Will指现在，would指过去。,Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station?2 表示“请求；建议” 用would比will 委婉，客气些。,Fish will die without water.鱼离开水就会死。He would come to see me when he was in Beijing .他在北京时，常来看望我。3 表示经常性，习惯性动作。译作“总是，惯于”,It would be about ten when he left home.他离开家时可能大约十点钟了。4 表示预料或猜想。,No matter what I said, he wouldnt listen to me5 用于否定句， 表示“不肯；不乐意”,4 MustYou must come to school on time.1 表示“必须；应该”着重说话人的主观看法。,It must be our headteacher.2 表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句。,I have to go now 表示“必须；不得不” 强调客观需要,5 Shall What shall we do now?我们现在该怎么办？Shall I write it down?要我记下来吗？Shall he come in?要他进来吗1 用于第一，三人称的疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方意见和向对方请示。,You shall have it back tomorrow.你明天可以将它拿回。All the dishes shall be cleaned at once.所有的盘子都要马上洗干净。2 用于二，三人称的陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令，警告，允诺或威胁等。,I promise her daughter _ get a nice present on her birthday.Will it be a big surprise to her?A. should B. must C. would D. shall,shall表示”允诺”，根据讲话人语气可以知道，选项部分表示讲话是给对方的一种承诺，故应该选情态动词shall用于第二或第三人称用作主语的句子结构中。答案D。,6 shouldWe should be strict with ourselves.1 表示劝告或建议，做“应该”讲。,They should be back by now他们现在应该回来了吧。2 表示“推测”,I should advise you not to do that.我建议你不要那样做。3 用于第一人称，表示说话人的一种谦逊，客气，委婉的语气。,7 Need You neednt ask me the question.Need I finish the work before ten?1 表示“需要，必要”用于否定句，疑问句和条件从句中。,8 DareDare you go out at night?The boy darent say so before the teacher.1 表示“敢，敢于”主要用于疑问句，否定句和条件从句中，一般不用于肯定句。,9 Ought toYou ought to go to see the doctor表示“应该”,He ought to be home by now.表示“推测”,10 Used toHe used to smoke a lot.表示过去常常（暗含现在已经不再）,11 Had better You had better not tell the teacher about it.表示“做好最某事”,12 Would rather I would rather stay at home.表示“宁愿”,must have done： 表示对过去动作的肯定推测常译作“一定做了”，只用于肯定句中。其否定形式cantcouldnt have done,could might have done：示对过去发生的动作的可能性推测，常译作“可能做了”。如：,1) Sorry Im late I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again (北京 2000春)A might B should C can D will,该题前句说明了结果，后句接着说出了产生这种结果的可能性，对前句进行补充说明。分析选项可知本题应选A。,2) My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon, so he your lecture (上海 2000)A couldnt have attended B neednt have attended C mustnt have attended D shouldnt have attended,Jack yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me (上海06)A mustnt have arrived B shouldnt have arrived C cant have arrived D need not have arrived,cant have arrived 表示强烈的否定的猜测。语气较弱时用couldnt have done or might not have done or may not have done .,should have done ought to have done：表示过去本应该做某事而实际上没有做。should not have done ought not to have done：表示过去本不应该做某事但事实上却做了。,need not have done：表示过去本来没有必要做某事，但事实上却做了。,3) I was really anxious about you You _ home without a word (NMET2001)A mustnt leave B shouldnt have leftC couldnt have leftD neednt leave,4) I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her (NMET04),A had to write it out B must have written it outC should have written it out D ought to write it out,由句中的连词but可知前后句之间是对立关系，分析题意可知本题应选C。,5) How I regretted the hours wasted in the woods and fields, the days when I had played and_!,should have studied B. had studiedC. could have studied D. studied,I should have studied。本来该学习的，但是却逃学到树林里玩了。,6）“Its our own fault, ”I thought bitterly. “We _the jungle brush. ”,didnt cut away B. must have cut awayC. should have cut away D. couldnt have cut away,从Its our own fault可以看出：问题出在我们身上。“我们本应该在灌木冲中砍出一条路来。,1. Is John coming by trainHe should, but he not He likes driving his car (NMET2002)A must B can C need D may,mustnt 表示“禁止、不准”；cannot 表示“不可能”；need not 表示“不必要”；may not 表示“可能不”。分析语境可知本题应选D。,2) I hear youve got a set of valuable Australian coins I have a lookYes, certainly (北京2005春)A Do B May C Shall D Should,分析语境可知这是在征求对方的许可，may表示“允许、可以”，语气比较委婉 shall常用于第一、三人称作主语的疑问句中,表示征求对方意见和指示，如果此空用shall，则意为“要（我）看一下吗？”，不符合上下文意思。故本题选B。,4) Are you coming to Jeffs partyIm not sure I go to the concert instead (NMET2000)A must B would C should D might,由题意和下句中的 “Im not sure” 可知这段对话中存在一种可能性推测，might可以用来表示一种比较委婉的可能性判断，故本题选D。,5）I should have been there, but I not find the time(挤出时间） (上海2000春)A would B could C might D should,分析题意可知第二个分句表示过去的某种能力；C 项只表示语气上的可能性，与题意不符。故本题选B。,6) Johnny, you play with the knife, you hurt yourself (NMET96)A wont; cant B mustnt; may C shouldnt; must D cant; shouldnt,mustnt 表示“不可以；禁止”，分析题意可知第二个空表示某种可能性，故本题选B。,7) Will you stay for lunchSorry, My brother is coming to see me (NMET99)A I mustnt B I cant C I neednt D I wont,分析题意可知因为“我弟弟要来看我”，所以“不能留下”，因此对别人的邀请或要求应给予礼貌的拒绝。A 项表示“禁止”；C项表示“不必要”；而D项表示“不会”，均不符合题意。故本题选B。,8)When can I come for the photos I need them tomorrow afternoonThey be ready by 1200 (NMET98)A can B should C might D need,该题考查情态动词should的基本含义，表示揣测，表示可能或期望，意思是照理说来、应该。分析句意可知本题应选B。,He should be having class now.他现在应该是在上课。 As far as I know you shouldnt have any problems there.就我所知，在那里你不会遇到任何问题。According to the schedule, they should have arrived in Shanghai by now/ yesterday.按照计划，他们现在/昨天应该已经到达上海了吧。,又如：,9) The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out(NMET97) A had to B would C could D was able to,该题考查了could和be able to的区别，二者都可表示过去时间的能力，但如果表示过去成功地做了某事只能使用was were able to do，故本题选D。,10) Shall I tell John about it No, you Ive told him already (NMET94)A neednt B wouldnt C mustnt D shouldnt,情态动词shall在试题中表示征询对方意见或请求指示。答句暗示 “没有必要了”，故本题选A。,Mrs Smith, I will fetch ten chairs for the meeting.You _fetch ten; six will do.A. may not B. mustnt C. needntD. cant,may not不可以，表示允许； mustnt一定不，表禁止； neednt没必要，表示一种建议；cant不能，表示某种可能性。根据说话人语气，应选neednt。答案C。,You _ pay too much attention to your reading skill, as it is so important.A. cantB. should C. mustD. neednt,解答该题的关键是对cant.too.to固定短语的理解。根据句子意义：无论怎么注意你的阅读技巧都不过分。同时句中由于有了too.to结构，只有cant 可以与它构成固定短语，有此含义。其它选项无此意。答案A。,情态动词用法小结,一、表示可能或预测can,could,will,would,shall,should,must,ought to,1.can 和 could 用于表示可能或预测：,He cant be at home. (否定句） 他不可能在家。2) Can the news be true ? (将情态动词 can 置于主语 the news 前就成疑问句) 这消息可能是真的吗?,3)Anybody can make mistake. (只表示理论上的可能性) 任何人都可能犯错误。4) At that time we thought the story could not be true. (表示过去的可能性)那时我们认为所说的故事不可能是真的。5) An accident can happen if you do this. (表示事情肯定会发生)如果你这样做，可能会发生意外。,2.may 和 might 用于表示事实上的可能性或预测：,1)It may rain tomorrow.(表示可能会发生)明天可能会下雨。2)It may snow later this afternoon. (表示预测)今天下午可能会下雪。3)You might be right. (表示有可能)你可能是对的。,6)If you took some exercise, you might not be so fat. (might 用于条件句)要是你锻炼锻炼，可能不会这样胖。,4)It is possible he may have called while we were out. (现在完成式型mayhave called)当我们出门后，他有可能会打电话来。,5)Sam might have taken the money, but it seems unlikely. (过去完成式型might have taken)钱可能会是Sam拿走的，但又不太像。,3. will 和 would 用于表示预测或习惯性：,1)I think he will be all right now. (will be 表示一定会)我想他现在一定好了。2)He would come to see me when he was in London. (would 表示习惯地) 他在伦敦时，常来看望我。3)He will sit there hour after hour looking at the river.(will 表示经常的) 他经常一连几个小时坐在那儿看着河水。,4. must 用于表示必定，必会：,1. This must be good for you.(must be 肯定)这肯定对你是有益的。2.All mankind must die.(表示必然会发生的事) 所有的人一定会死的。3.Mustnt there be a mistake ? (mustnt 多用于疑问句) 那肯定会有错误吗？,5. ought to 用于表示想必会(语气较must 弱)：,1)They ought to be there by now.他们想必已到那儿了。2) He ought to stop smoking. 他最好不要抽烟了。,二、表示许可、请求(Can, Could, Will, Would, Shall, Should, May, Might, Must),1can 和 could 用于表示许可、请求：,1) Can I go with you ? (请求)我能跟你一起走吗？,2) Father said I could go to cinema. (表示过去的许可)爸爸说我可以去看电影。,3) Could I ask you something ? (请求,用 could 比 can 更婉转)我可以问你一件事吗？4) Cant you do it now ? (表示反问)你不能现在做吗？ 5. You cannot smoke in the meeting room. (cannot 表示禁止)会议室里不许吸烟。,2. will 和 would 用于表示请求,Will you kindly tell me the way to the post office ?(表示客气请求)请问到邮局怎么走？2. Would you give me your address ? (用 would 比 will 表示更客气)请你告诉我你的地址，好吗？,3. shall 和 should 用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意见,Shall we talk?我们谈谈好吗？2) What should we do next ? (用should 比 shall 表示更客气)下一步我们该怎么做？3) Shall he come to see you ? (用于第三人称疑问句)要不要他来看你？,4. may 和 might 用于表示许可(口语中多用 can ),You may take a walk. (表示给予许可)你可以散散步。2) You might read the story for me. (比may更婉转)是否请给我读一读这故事。3) May I make a suggestion ? 我可以提个建议吗？,4) Might I take a look of your work ?我看看您的大作行吗？5) Students may not make noise in the library. (may not 表示不许可或禁止)学生不得在图书馆里吵闹。6) If I may say so, you are not right. (用于条件句，表示请求)你是不对的，如果我可以这么说的话。,5. must 用于表示禁止，不准：,Cars must not be parked here. (must not表示不许可)此地不准停车。2) All of you mustnt fishing in the pool. (must not 语气方面比 may not 更强)你们不准在池里钓鱼。,三、情态动词的用法：表示“应该”、“必须”（Shall, Should, May, Might, Must, Ought to),1. Shall 和 Should 用于表示“必须”：,Each member shall wear a name card. (表示规定)每一个会员必须配带名卡。2) I should answer his letter as soon as possible. (表示应该)我应该尽快给他回信。,3) You shouldnt judge a man always by the clothes. (shouldnt “不应该”含有劝告的意思)你不应该总是以貌取人。4) The rules shall take effect onJan. 1st.(shall 用于规章等，表示义务和规定)新规则于一月一日起生效。,2. May 和 Might 用于表示“应该(用于法律等条文，一般上多用 shall ):,Payment may be paid by check.(表示规定)应以支票付款。2) You might ask before you use my computer.(might表示应该)你应该先问过再使用我的电脑。,3. Must 用于表示“必须”、“务必”：,1) You must keep the place clean. (务必)你务必保持地方干净。2) We must obey orders. (表示有义务)我们必须服从命令。3) Must I pay now ? (用于疑问句) (如回答不必时，需用 neednt 或 dont haveto)我现在就得付款吗？,4. Ought to 用于表示“应该”(强调客观上)：(大多情况可用 should 代替),1) You ought to go to see the doctor. (ought to 的语气比must 弱) 你应该去看看医生。2) You oughtnt (ought not) to smoke so much. (oughtnt 用于否定句)你不应该抽这么多烟。3) Ought you to smoke so much? (用于疑问句) 你应该抽这么多烟吗？,四、情态动词的用法：表示“意图”、“打算”,(will, would, shall, should),1.will 和 would 用于表示某种意图：,1) Ill will call you as soon as possible.(will 主要用于第一人称)我会尽快打电话给你。2) Will you accept this invitation ? (用would 则表示得客气) 你愿意接受这邀请吗？,3. Who will do the job ? (用于条件句，可用于各种人称) 谁愿意做这事？4. We wont (will not) stay here too long. (will not 表示不愿) 我们不愿呆在这里太久。,2. shall 和 should 用于表示说话人的意图：,1) We shant (shall not) to if it rains. (shall not 也可用 will not)如果下雨，我们就不打算走了。2) I shant go with you. (shall 只用在第一人称)我不打算和你一同走。,五、情态动词的用法：表示“意愿” （will, would, shall, should),1. will 和 would ：,She will do it if you ask her.(表示主语的意愿) 如果你问她，她会做的。 Would you have another cup of tea ? (用 would 比 will 客气) 你想再来一杯茶吗？,3. Will you have some cookies ? (will 用于疑问句，表示问人是否愿意)你想吃些烤饼吗？4. If he will he can do it. (will 用于条件句，用于第二、三人称)如果他愿意，他会做的。5. Would you excuse me ? (would 表示婉转语气)你能原谅我吗？,六、情态动词的用法：表示“决心”(will, would, shall, would),1. will 和 would ：,1) I will stop smoking.(will 表示主语 I 的决心。不能用 Ill) 我决心戒烟了。2) If you will go, you may go at once. (用于条件句，用于第二、三人称) 如果你非走不可，你可以马上就走。,能力提升,1. Whatever you want, you have it on condition that you get the best result. said the boss.would B. ought to C. shall D. could2. Whats wrong with your pen.?The ink _come out.A. cant B. doesnt C. hasnt D. won t,3. Will you stay here for supper, Jane?Sorry, I _. My parents are waiting for me at home.A, cant B. neednt C. mustnt D. wont,4. It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home. Anybody in your position_. the same.A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done,5. It is said that China will soon be a member of WTO. Well, its wonderful that the Chinese people _have made so much progress these years.A. must B. can C. should D. may,6. They didnt want to come with us at first, but then we _ persuade them.would B. could C. were able to D. had to7. She the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.A. wouldnt have left B. shouldnt have leftC. mustnt have left D. didnt have to leave,7. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he in the final exam.A. mustnt fail B. couldnt have failedC. ought not to fail D. mustnt have failed8. Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?No, Ive already bought twenty. That be enough for us two.A. ought to B. will C. may D. might,9. Tom, would you like to come to our dinner party? .Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I cant come D. Yes, I may10. Is there a flight to Paris this evening? There _ be. I 11 phone the airport and find it out.A. must B. would C. might D. can,11. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband. It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages.A. mustnt be B. couldnt have beenC. may not have been D. mustnt have been,12. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down. You mine. I wasnt using it.A. might borrow B. could have borrowedC. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow,13. I wonder if I smoke here. No, you. Could you see the sign No Smoking there?can, neednt B. shall, wont C. must, cant D. may, mustnt14. There are only eight photos here. I twenty-two.A. ought to have been B. ought to beC. ought to have D. ought to have had,15. He was taken away by the police. He for a robber.A. must be mistaken B. was being mistakenC. must mistake D. must have been mistaken16. I wonder why Mr. Wang didnt attend the lecture. He another one.A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had,17. Shall I book a table for the dinner? _. The restaurant wont be full this evening.A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustntC. No, you neednt D. No, you cant18. English is a language that many people around the world _not speak perfectly but at least understand.A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might,19. You must phone us every week. Yes, I .must B. have to C. will D. should20. Did you visit the famous museum? No, we _, but we spent too much time shoppi