TPO24套综合写作练习.docx

TPO24套综合写作练习1.In the United States, workers usually work five days a week, but many of them want to work four days a week and are willing to reduce the pay by 80 percent.According to the reading, the new policy will increase the profits of the company because the workers will make fewer mistakes and get less pay for shortened workweek. However, the lecture stated that it will not increase the profits. The company will pay more to provide training, office space and computers which may cut off the profits of it.The second reason in the reading is that it can reduce the unemployment rates by shifting workload to others who will be hired. But the speaker does not agree with it. He thinks that no extra position are available to others. If the workers work four days a week and finish the same work as five days, the company does not need to hire more workers in addition.The last reason the reading gives is that four-day workweek can give workers more freetime to get better individual life. While the lecture says that free personal life may take a risk reducing the quality of the workers abilities. They may do worse in their career than work for an entire workweek.（210）2. The lecture talked about a story on how a team of people perform when they turn out a project. In the reading passage, the author believes that it is the best way for people to make up a team to accomplish new projects. However, the lecturer used a real example to contradict the opinion. Firstly, the passage says that a group of people has a broad range of knowledge and each of them may has some unique technique so the members of the team will complement others and improve the level of the whole team at last. Whereas, the story told by the speaker shows the opposite performance. After a few months that a team were asked to be responsible for a project, he found that most of the members in the team were free, who didnt contribute to the work at all. Otherwise, the main contributor also had a negative attitude on the team. Secondly, the passage holds the view that every member of the team can be rewarded by taking part in a group process. The members who make decisions will feel better about carrying out the work. However, the speaker argues that a team usually cannot move quickly, wasting a lot of time on meeting.Furthermore, if the one or two influential members said the idea couldnt work, the others will drop it instead of further discussion. As a result, the project may not be highly creative. Whats more, some may warn the rest of the team that the direction was wrong and ignored others. Once the project failed, all the members would be blamed.Word Count: 2683. There are some doubts about some paintings attributed to Rembrandt who is the most famous painters in Dutch during the seventeenth-century. The passage claims that the painting of a portrait of an elderly woman in a white bonnet could not be a work by Rembrandt. However, the woman in the lecture firmly held her opinion that it was indeed painted by him.Firstly, the reading passage said that there was something inconsistent about the womans clothes in the painting. On the other hand, the speaker argued that through the X-rays the fur collar of her coat was proved not drawn by Rembrandt but added many years after he painted it by someone who wanted to make it valuable.Secondly, according to the passage, Rembrandt would never had made such an error on light and shadow while the lecturer stated that the dark fur collar was added later and the true color he painted was light, reflecting the womans face clearly, so the work was surely painted by him.Thirdly, Rembrandt did paint some works on a panel made of pieces of wood glued together. The speaker contradicted the statement that he never painted on such a panel. The panel glued with single wood enlarged the size of the painting, making it more grand and valuable. Besides, there was evidence that one of his other works was painted on the wood of the same tree of this one.（237）4. The lecture discusses that dinosaurs cannot be endotherms which can keep their body temperatures constantly which differs from the main idea in the reading passage. There are three evidences in the reading to prove that dinosaurs are endotherms, while the lecturer holds an opposite view on it.First of all, the reading makes the point that the dinosaurs living in polar regions must maintain a higher temperature than the extremely freezing environment so that they can survive. The lecture, in contrast, points out that the polar regions where dinosaur fossils were discovered were proved warmer places before.Furthermore, according to the lecture, the legs of dinosaurs which were underneath the body are to support more weight, making the dinosaurs have larger size. So it is wrong that they were used for running efficiently like endotherms by the article.Finally, the professor states that Haversian canals found in the bones of dinosaurs shows that they didnt grow rapidly at any time and grew more slowly in cold time, but the endotherms grow quickly all the time even in cold seasons. On the other hand, the reading only sees the surface but not the essence.Word Count: 1935. Archaeologists are still not sure about the use of the great houses in New Mexico which contains hundreds of rooms. The reading passage gives three competing theories, but the lecture says that none of them has convincing evidence.Firstly, the passage claims that the great houses were used as apartment for hundreds of people. However, the speaker claims that there are only a few fire places inside the big houses. If more than a hundred families lived in the houses, it was not enough for them to keep warm.Secondly, the reading material argues that the houses were used to store food supplies, such as the grain maize. Nevertheless, the lecture thinks it unsupported because there were not enough containers to store maize. It is impossible that the maize was stored on the floor uncovered in the houses.Thirdly, there is another theory proposes that they were used as centers for some special ceremonies while the lecture holds the opposite opinion. It states that there were more other building materials left than the broken pots. It seemed that they were not used up after the buildings were completed. So it cant be used to hold special ceremonies.（200）6. The lecture discusses the disadvantages of communal online encyclopedias compared with the traditional, printed encyclopedias which differ from the main idea in the reading. The professor argues that the disadvantages listed by the reading passage cannot hold the water.Firstly, the reading passage claims that the communal online encyclopedias are usually lacking in professional evidences, so they have many mistakes. The lecture, on the contrary, holds a different view that they may not perfect, but errors are inevitable. No encyclopedias without any errors can be found both in communal online ones and the traditional ones.Secondly, according to the reading, even if the original entry online is correct, the massages will be changed during the process of transfer. On the other hand, the professor states that the contents in the traditional encyclopedias are usually considered reliable which cant be changed. However, they may not be always right. The online encyclopedias can change mistakes in a relative short time when people make use of it.Lastly, the writer said that the online encyclopedias focus too much while that printed ones can tell us which parts are important. However, the professor claims that the diversities of the online encyclopedias are just the strongest advantages of them.（204）7.The lecture discusses that American wood companies will adopt new, ecologically friendly practices which differs from the main idea in the reading that they will not do the same things as wood companies in other countries.Firstly, the reading passage claims that American consumers would not value or pay attention to the ecocertification label on the products and they do not believe in the ads so much. The professor, on the contrary, holds a different view that trades distinguish from each other and they have confidence in on ecocertification ads independently which will do favor to them.Secondly, according to the reading, American consumers care the price most that they will not buy the certified wood product at a higher price. On the other hand, the professor states that there are no people who dont care about price. If the prices of the ecocertified products are not much too higher, Americans are willing to pay a little more money to the eco-products.Finally, the professor argues that the competition between American wood companies and foreign companies are fierce. If the native companies dont occupy the market first, other foreign companies will get into the American market before them. This statement chanllenges the standpoint made by the writer that American wood companies wont pursue the trend to sell ecocertified products.（219）8. The Chevaliver de Seingalt wrote a long memoir talking about his life and adventures, the reading passage believes that his memoir could be used as a historical source but the lecture does not agree with it.Firstly, the reading material claims that the Chevalier was poor because he needed to borrow money. However, the speaker explains the reason why he was not poor. She said that he spend a large amount of money on making constructions so he borrowed money only to wait his money to arrive, which didnt mean that he was not wealthy.Secondly, the reading passage believes that he could not remember all the details about the conversations with the famous writer after so many years, but the listening passage holds the opposite opinion. He wrote everything about the conversations down just after them and kept the notes for many years. Then he composed the memoir by referring to his notes.Lastly, the article argues that Chevaliver escaped from the prison by his politically well-connected friends help while the speaker insists that he did escape by himself. There are prisoners with more power who cant be set free and the evidence shows that after he escape his old prison roof was surely repaired.（207）9. It is said that the main source of power, the inter-combustion engine, would be replaced by the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine. The reading passage gives three advantages of the new engine, but the lecture disagrees with them.Firstly, the passage claims that the fuel petroleum used by the internal-combustion engine will soon be used up and the hydrogen is easily available. However, the speaker says that hydrogen is not an easily available fuel. It is not directly usable at present because it has difficulty in deriving from other sources and storing as pure liquid.Secondly, the reading material states that the hydrogen-based fuel cells will solve the pollution made by cars while the lecture doesnt agree with it. Although the burning of the hydrogen fuel will not pollute the air, during the procedure of the production, more pollutant will be made. In order to get pure hydrogen, more energies that produce harmful gases are required.Thirdly, the reading passage points out that hydrogen-based engines are economic because it works more efficiently. Nevertheless, the speaker argues that some rear expensive metal will be used to make the hydrogen-based engine, so it may cost more money.（196w）10. The passage claims that pollution hypothesis is more likely to cause the decline of sea otters. However, the woman in the lecture firmly held her opinion that the predation hypothesis is much stronger.Firstly, the reading passage said that there are a lot of sources of industrial pollution along the Alaska coast. The pollution causes infections for the sea otters and could kill them. On the other hand, the speaker argued that no one can find any dead otters washing off on the beaches of Alaska. If they were killed by pollution, there should be many otters washing off a shore.Secondly, according to the passage, other sea mammals were also declining, which proved the environmental pollution to be the reason of otter declining. While the lecturer stated that although orcas prefer to hunt other whales, the population of the whale declines because of humans hunting. As a result, orcas have had to change their diet to eat smaller sea mammals, including otters. Thats how the predators cause the decline of so many species.Thirdly, the speaker contradicted the statement in the passage that ocean currents or other factors may create uneven pattern of otter decline on the coast. She claims that this was decided by whether the location of otters is accessible for orcas. Precisely, where the location is accessible, the population of the otters declines greatly.11. 12. Recently, a professionally painted portrait of a teenage girl has come up for sale. The reading passage believes that the girl is one of the famous English novelists Jane Austen. However, the speaker in the lecture claims that evidences are not convinced. Firstly, according to the passage, Austens family permitted to use the portrait in an edition of her letters after a few years of her death and they clearly recognized it as Janes portrait. Whereas, the lecturer argues that the letters of the author were published seventy years after Jane died so that the Austen family themselves may not have seen her when she was alive. Secondly, the reading passage declares that the face of the portrait was very much like the one in Janes sister Cassandras sketch. While in the lecture, the speaker states that this cannot prove that the portrait is Jane herself. It is maybe a relative of her who looked like her. Whats more, some experts said that the teenage girl was one of Janes nieces named Mary. Thirdly, the style of the painting links it to Humphrey, who was active in the period when Jane was the age of a teenage girl. On the other hand, there is later evidence showed that the painting was sold by William. At that time, Jane had been 27years old, who was not a teenager. Word Count: 22713. In recent years, the sales of fossils has grown into a large business. Private collectors are interested in fossil trade. The reading passage claims that this is unfortunate for science and public while the lecturer thinks that it is greatly exaggerated.Firstly, the passage states that the private collectors will hide the fossils and do not let the public see them which may decline the public interest in fossils. However, the woman in the lecture argues that it will result in a great exposure of fossils. There must be a lot of fossils exposed to the public in schools or libraries if the collectors collect more fossils.Secondly, the reading material points out that scientists are likely to lose access to some important fossils. Nevertheless, the speaker said that the fossils value must need scientific definition which should be done by scientific experts, so the valuable fossils must be seen by experts first before the collectors.Thirdly，the reading passage claims that the valuable scientific evidence of fossils are often destroied by the collectors who are untrained or uninterested in .But the lecture argues that the fossils often go undercover ways and nobody knows that location of them so that they should be safe.（205w）14. Salvage logging means that removing dead trees from a forest which is damaged by fires or natural disasters and use the wood for economic purposes. The reading passage states that it is good both for the damaged forest and the economy, while the speaker think it may cause severer and longer environment damage. Firstly, the passage claims that the dead trees may take up too much room where new trees will grow. However, the lecturer argues that cleaning up the forest after the disaster is unnecessary. The dead trees can make the soil full of nutrition and the lack of nutrients will prevent the new trees to grow well. Secondly, according to the passage, decaying wood is a highly suitable environment for insects to live and reproduce, especially the bark beetle, which can damage the trees. On the other hand, the speaker declares that the insects live in the forest for a lot of years but the forest still survives, so it is not a reason. Whats more, the dead trees are not only habitats of harmful insects but also of beneficial birds which can benefit the other trees. Thirdly, the economic benefits that mentioned in the reading passage are too small. Besides, using the helicopters or other vehicles to carry the dead trees are expensive. Jobs created from the salvage logging are temporary and most of the workers are travelers from outside but not the local people.Word Count: 23815. Three measures have been suggested to solve the problem causing by the spread of cane toads in Australia from South America. However, the speaker in the lecture claims that these measures cannot be successful and they may cause more serious environment damage. Firstly, building a national fence, as the reading passage says, will not prevent the cane toads from moving to another place in Australia. The lecturer states that young toads and toads eggs are carried by the rivers and streams, which flow to the other side of the country. No matter whether there is a national fence or not, they can move there and establish a new population. Secondly, according to the passage, government can organize a group of volunteers to capture and destroy the toads. While the speaker declares that although they may destroy a lot of toads, they could destroy the Australian local frogs as well, some of which are species in danger. Because of a lack of specific tr