外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 工业园区内产业集群和区域品牌效应分析.doc

题 目 The analysis on regional brand effect And industrial cluster in industrial park The analysis on regional brand effect and industrial cluster in the industrial parkIndustrial cluster is an internal regularity of the industry development, and also the objective demand of resource allocation. As Americas high-tech information industry clusters in silicon-valley, Wall Streets finance, Hollywood entertainment, and California wine industrial are the core of sustained economic growth pole of these countries and regions. More than 70 percent of the manufacturing industry in Italy realized the achievement of small and medium-sized enterprises in the world. The manufacturing industry cluster in Tokyo Japan forms the together foundation of mechanical industry. India Bangalore, known as silicon valley of Asia, is a strong typical in using industrial cluster to develop software, and quickly gain global industrial competitive advantage. China Taipei science and technology industrial park, Zhejiang and Guangdong characteristic industrial manufacturing bases are presenting exuberant vitality. As Michael porter (Port), professor of Harvard University, pointed out, cluster is the factors that govern the economy in the world today, it is the remarkable characteristics of each national economy and regional economy and even urban economy, economically developed countries and developing countries are so.First, characteristics and trends of industrial cluster developmentIndustrial cluster is a new space between economic organization, which is in the region to specific industry or product (usually in a dominant industry as the core of enterprise and its related) and supporting agencies (including manufacturers, suppliers, customers, local government and intermediary organizations, etc), the knowledge on comparatively stable cooperation and division of crisscross network is industrial organization and coordination of spatial agglomeration, between market and hierarchy represents. A true meaning of industrial cluster at least include the following three features: One is the industrial associations. Industrial clusters of enterprises and other organizations are within a tend to a field, which is related to the formation of industrial cluster. Second is the regional concentration, like the cluster phenomenon in specific areas of relevant enterprises and corresponding supporting organization. This industry can produce wide geographic concentration of agglomeration economy benefit. Specialization and socialization is three. Within a cluster of each enterprise based on their own resources, select the product production value to display their own superiority, the production of the division sized enterprises formed close cooperation network. Industry cluster, once formed, will influence economic, political, cultural and social, mainly including conglomeration effect, symbiosis and synergy, location effect, structure effect, etc. Industry cluster, produced with the characteristics of industrial clusters in 1400 years ago in JINGDE town in China. But its large ceramic cluster is in the industrialization, and then economic globalization will be the development of industrial cluster in further climax. The cluster in the process of economic globalization and regional at the beginning of the 20th century and the existence of traditional local clusters have profound changes and development, which has effect on the world economy that not allowed to be ignored.One, from dynamic mechanism, we can see local industrial cluster is the result of the development of globalization, and also the globalization challenges to respond. In the past few decades, with the globalization of production and trade, the value creation system appears in the global scope of vertical separation and the unprecedented global production, reflected in the reconstruction of productive organization is fragmented or decentralization, global production elements and resources in the characteristic and concentration of industrial concentration area. In other words, the geographical distribution of global value chain is big area scatter, small regional concentration. Each link of the geographical gathering place for many industrial clusters became one value chain affiliate section of the global industry.Two, from the management strategy, we can see industrial clusters are globalization, based on chain or commodity chains, multinational elements integration development becomes a habit. On one hand, the economic globalization is an important carrier through internal and multinational company - between capital and labor, technology and information flow to cluster of global development and not a single process. On the other hand, in order to adapt to the challenges of globalization competition with globalization, the local industry clusters must treat the regional development in perspective of global, learn from and use global integration of resources, pay attention to the integration of regional cluster with interactive and not confined to the local resources comprehensive utilization. Local industry cluster in the edge needs to strengthen the contact with the core industrial information and capture opportunities.Three, from the development direction that control of high-tech clusters is enhancing and technical cluster is evolution in technique direction. Taking high-new technology as the characteristic of industry cluster is the high level of industrial clusters, for high-tech industry cluster, technological innovation is the most important means of competition. Common sense of the industrial clusters is in order to make full use of the advantage resources, chasing economic benefits in generated clusters. The production process is composed by several companies according to different conditions, more flexible product with elastic component of enterprise production network. But along with the economic globalization and the development of network technology, more flexible production, supply chain extension and specialized cooperation, common function of material resources with technology innovation, weakening the winner is the dominant, must cause the high-tech clusters of increasing control technology of national industry cluster tend to generate global linkage and influence, thus become the direction of industrial cluster development.Second, the regional brand effect in industrial clusterWe know of an area in memory often is the most famous local specialties. For example, say to fashion, we immediately associate with Italian Milan and Paris. Say to the watch, immediately associate to Swiss. The brand is the enterprise intangible assets, regional brand name card. Brand, can effectively improve market share. Individual enterprise to build their own brand, need huge funds, however, industrial cluster enterprises through the overall strength and increase enterprise advertising investment group, easy to use, the effect of regional brand, so that every enterprise benefit. Regional brands including three factors: one, the regional characteristics. The industrial area is an important component of regional brand. Area is essentially an administrative division and geographic concepts, generally with strong regional features, such as the geographical characteristics and resource advantage or cultural history origin and natural style, etc. Next, the connotation of the brand. A successful brand represents a specific product attributes, interests and values, personality, culture, customer group, etc. Three, industry strength. Industry strength formed the basic content of regional brand. Specific industry, the production scale of its product, market share, technology and quality level, industrial internal division and cooperation, the degree of strength level it reflected has positive correlation with regional brand influence.Third, the industrial clusters and regional brand effectRegional brand and industrial cluster exists between the mutual promotions and influence each other. On one hand, the formation of regional brand has obvious characteristic, it is the important achievements of industrial cluster development. Regional brand is formed along with the growth of industrial cluster. This is because of the enterprises and institutions connected through specialization and coordination and localization, both network into a single enterprise participation in overcoming the dispersion and market risk and uncertainty of hierarchical can avoid the low efficiency of enterprises. At the same time, these companies adopt flexible specialization production methods, through the competition and cooperation, mutual cooperation and complement, formation mechanism of learning and innovation to promote the development of region and the enterprises sustainable innovation. Industrial cluster is the concentration, the competition and cooperation, learning and innovation of the internal mechanism and elastic specialization production methods create the industrial clusters marketing advantages, which contributed to the formation of regional brand. On the other hand, as the important industrial cluster of intangible assets, regional brand once forms, the further development of industry cluster has obvious role. Regional brand, its influence will once formed with the regional industry related to the enterprise to gather more areas, at the same time, a lot of money and abundant labor, advanced technology, timely market information and will continuously stream in, these conditions for people regional industry cluster scale expansion and upgrade technology provides a strong support.Regional brand effect can improve the competitiveness of industrial cluster from the following two aspects: on the one hand, can promote the whole image of the cluster. The establishment of regional brand is like to build a platform with regional image of regional brand development, regional brand products and services of value could also get the corresponding ascension, all enterprises inside the area, have benefited from spreading information, market demand, consumer confidence and exclude competitors. On the other hand, can achieve sustained brand effect. Regional brand is the essence of the enterprise brand and refined, with a single enterprise single product brand effect, an area of the brand image, and more directly influence is bigger, with smaller risk factors, the higher value, much extensive, continuous brand effect. Regional brand as the important intangible assets of industrial cluster in industry cluster in development and upgrade plays an irreplaceable role as the main body, the industrial cluster development enterprises and industrial cluster driving force of the local government should in clear regional brand effect on the basis of regional brand management, actively explore the thoughts and countermeasures, so that more effective use of regional brand in the industry cluster in the sustainable development of the positive effect.Anyhow, the scale of the industry, industrial concentration and market share, formed in industrial cluster, is the foundation of regional brand. Without product superiority and the monopoly of regional brand, region bland cannot form. And after the formation of regional brand, whether it can continuously and steadily expanded its influence, it more depend on the further development and grandness of regional industry cluster. So as the tangible assets in industrial clusters of regional brand, its development directly restricts the express of regional brand function.工业园区内产业集群和区域品牌效应分析产业集群是产业发展的一种内在规律，是市场配置资源、合理运用产业要素的客观要求。如美国的硅谷高科技信息产业集群、华尔街的金融业、好莱坞的娱乐业、加州的葡萄酒产业区等成为国家和地区经济持续增长的核心增长极。意大利70以上的制造业实现了产业集群，成就了当今世界“中小企业王国”。日本东京的制造业产业集群成为日本“机械工业的共同根基”。被誉为“亚洲硅谷”的印度班加罗尔是利用产业集群发展软件业、迅速获得全球性强大产业竞争优势的典型。中国台北的新竹科技工业园区、浙江特色工业产业区、广东东莞的制造业基地等都呈现出旺盛的生命力。正如美国哈佛大学迈克尔波特(Michael Port)教授指出的那样，“集群的因素支配着当今世界经济版图，它是每个国家国民经济、区域经济甚至都市经济的一个显著特征，在经济发达国家和发展中国家都是如此”。一、 产业集群发展特点与趋势产业集群是指在有限地域的特定产业或产品生产中(通常以一个主导产业为核心)，大量企业及其相关支撑机构(包括供应商、生产商、顾客、地方政府、中介组织、知识生产机构等)，依靠比较稳定的分工协作和纵横交错的网络关系形成有利于产业组织协调的空间集聚体，代表着介于市场和等级制之间的一种新的空间经济组织形式。一个真正意义的产业集群至少包括以下三大特征：一是产业相关性。产业集群内的企业和其他机构往往都与某一产业领域相关，这是产业集群形成的基础。二是地域集中性。表现为特定领域中相关企业和相应支持机构的“扎堆”现象。这种产业地理集中能够产生广泛的集聚经济效益。三是专业化分工与社会化协作。集群内各个企业立足自身资源，选择产品生产价值链中最能发挥自身优势的生产环节，大中小企业形成细密的分工协作网络。产业集群一旦形成，便会带来很多经济、政治、社会、文化的作用和影响，主要包括集聚效应、共生效应、协同效应、区位效应、结构效应等。产业集群的出现很早，早在1400多年以前我国景德镇就产生了具有产业集群特征的陶瓷集群，但其大量出现却是在工业化以后，经济全球化则将产业集群的发展进一步推向高潮。经济全球化过程中存在的集群区域与20世纪初存在的传统的地方集群有了深刻的变化和发展，它对世界经济的影响不容忽视。1、从动力机制看，地方产业集群既是全球化发展的结果，又是应对全球化挑战的回应。在过去几十年里，随着生产和贸易全球化的不断深入，世界价值创造体系在全球范围内出现了前所未有的垂直分离和重构，反映在全球生产方面就是生产组织的片段化或分散化，全球的生产要素和资源越来越集聚于那些富有特色的产业集聚区。换句话说，全球价值链的地理分布特征就是“大区域离散小地域集聚”。正是各个价值环节的地理集聚特性使得很多地方产业集群就成了全球产业价值链条中的一个从属部分。2、从经营战略看，产业集群日益全球化，基于产业链(或商品链)的跨区、跨国要素整合成为一种发展常态。一方面，经济全球化的重要载体跨国公司通过内部以及彼此之间的资金、劳动力、技术、信息的全球性流动使集群区域的发展并不是一个孤立的过程，另一方面，地方产业集群为了适应全球化竞争的挑战，必须用全球化的视角来看待集群的区域化发展，学会从全球范围整合资源为我所用，关注集群区域之间的接轨与互动，而不能局限于地方资源的综合利用。边缘地方产业集群需要在加强与核心产业群的联系中获取信息、捕捉机会。3、从发展方向看，高新技术集群的控制力日益提高，产业集群向技术集群化方向演进。以高新技术为特征的产业集群是高层次的产业集群，对于高新技术产业集群而言，技术创新是最重要的竞争手段。一般意义上的产业集群是为了充分利用区域内的有利资源，追逐集群所产生的经济效益，生产过程往往由若干企业根据不同产品情况灵活构成，多以弹性组成的企业生产网络形式出现。但随着经济全球化和网络技术的发展，生产方式更加灵活多样，供应链延伸和专业化协作普遍实行，物质资源的作用不断弱化，以技术创新制胜的作用逐渐占据主导地位，必然导致高新技术集群的控制力日益提高，技术集群往往会