上海版(沪版)牛津各单元知识点梳理及练习8B---unit-4

牛津版本 8B Unit 4. Words.1.publish v. 出版 e.g. This company publishes childrens books. 这个公司出版儿童书籍。 The book was published in 1988. 这本书是1988年出版的。【知识拓展】 publishing adj. 出版的；出版业的e.g. a publishing house出版社2. hold v. 举行 e.g. A debate will be held in the school hall tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午学校礼堂将举行辩论会。 The Motor Show is usually held in October. 汽车展览会通常在十月份举行。3. headmaster n. 男校长 e.g. He is the headmaster of St James College. 他是圣詹姆斯学院的院长。4. elect v. 选举；推选 e.g. The government is made up of men and women elected by the people of the country. 政府是由这个国家的人民选出的人员组成的。【知识拓展】 election n. 选举e.g. Tom is standing for election. We elect him chairman of the club. 汤姆是候选人，我们选他为俱乐部主席。5. chief adj.主要的 e.g. Rice is the chief crop in most southern provinces. 稻子是大多数南方省份的主要作物。 The President of the US is the chief executive of the country. 美国总统是美国的最高行政长官。6. editor n. 编辑；编者 e.g. She is a fashion editor. 她是一名时装栏编辑。【知识拓展】 edit v. 编辑；校订e.g. He is editing a Shakespeare play for use in schools. 他正在编辑一部莎土比亚剧本供学校使用。7. experience n.(1) 经历e.g. Please tell us your experiences in America. 请你告诉我们你在美国的经历。(2) 经验e.g. My father is a man of rich experience. 我爸爸是一个经验丰富的人。【知识拓展】 experienced adj. 有经验的；经验丰富的；老练的；熟练的e.g. She is experienced in looking after children. 她有照料孩子的经验。8. vote v. 投票选举 e.g. Vote for Johnson-the peoples friend! 请投约翰逊一票他是人民的朋友！【知识拓展】 vote v. 投票选择e. g. secret vote不记名投票 I gave my vote to Mr Wang. 我投王先生的票。 He won the election because he got most votes. 他选举获胜了，因为他得到了大多数的选票。9. suggestion n. 建议e.g. We ordered the shrimp, a suggestion of the waiter.听取服务员的建议，我们点了虾。 He made the suggestion that we go by train. 他建议我们坐火车去。【常用搭配】 at/on ones suggestion根据某人的建议make/offer a suggestion提议；建议on the suggestion of在的建议下10. free adj.免费的e.g. Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a fine greeting card. 购买这份早餐的人都可得到一张免费的精美贺卡。【知识拓展】 freedom n. 自由e.g. The prisoner has no freedom in the jail. He cant walk freely there, 囚犯在狱中没有自由。他不可以随便走动。11. consider v. 考虑，认为e.g. I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。 We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。指点迷津：consider(as), regardas与treatas这三个词组都含“认为是”的意思。(1) consider侧重“经过考虑而认为”，表示一种比较客观的看法。e.g. I consider what he said (as) reasonable. 我认为他说的有道理。(2) regard指“把认为，把看作”，表示以外部形象得出认识或个人的主观认识。e. g. He was regarded as the foremost authority on chemistry. 他被认为是化学最高权威。(3) treat表示在某种认识的基础上看待或对待，重在行动，而不在认识。e. g. They will not be treated as enemies. 他们不会被当作敌人对待。12. briefly adv.简要地e.g. Id like to comment very briefly on that last statement. 我想就最后一句简要地谈谈我的看法。 Briefly, you are fired. 一句话，你被解雇了。 【知识拓展】 brief adj. 简短的；短暂的 e. g. a cold and brief welcome冷淡而简短的欢迎make a brief visit作短暂的访问13. decision n. 决心；决定e.g. Have they reached a decision yet? 他们是否已有所决定？ She could not make a decision about the dress. 她对（买不买）这件裙子下不了决心。 【常用搭配】 come to/arrive at/ reach a decision作出决定 give a decision for/against判决对有利不利make a decision作出决定；下决心 14. conclude v. 结束；决定 e. g. To conclude, I wish you all good health and a long life. 最后，祝大家健康长寿。 The doctor concluded that the patients disease was cancer. 医生断定病人患的是癌症。【知识拓展】 conclusion n. 结束，结论 e.g. I found the conclusion of her story very exciting. 我觉得她那故事的结尾很激动人心。. Daily expressions. 日常表达1. take charge of负责 e.g. Mr Smith will take charge of our class next term. 下学期史密斯先生将负责我们班。 You take charge of making the salad.=Youre in charge of making the salad. 你负责做沙拉。 charge n. 主管 v. 使承担（任务、责任）【常用搭配】 take charge of负责，看管 under the charge of在看管（负责）之下 in charge of负责 e.g. The chief engineer was in charge of directing the building of the subway. 主要工程师负责指导地铁的建造工程。 This ward is in/ under the charge of Dr Green. 这间病房是由格林大夫负责的。 Dont forget to charge the money of the shoes to my account. 别忘了把鞋钱记在我账上。2. talkover详细讨论；详谈e.g. We should talk it over among ourselves. 我们应该详细讨论一下。3. make a decision作出决定e.g. We talked and talked but couldnt make a decision. 我们谈来谈去可是没办法决定。 My parents made a decision about my future study at the family meeting. 父母在家庭会议上对于我今后的学业作出了决定。【知识拓展】 arrive at/come to / reach a decision作出决定e.g. Have they come to a decision yet?他们是否已有所决定？4. in one weeks time在一周内 e. g. We will be back to school in one weeks time. 在一周内我们将回到学校。【友情提示】相当于in a week。由于这个时间状语用在一般将来时态中，所以这里的in表示“在后”，而不是“在里”。【随堂小练】I. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. Xinmin Evening Newspaper has a large number of (read).2. Could you answer my question (brief) ?3. Finally, Tony made a (decide) that he would do it himself.4. Autumn is coming. All of us are (delight) to go for an outing.5. My grandfather traveled around the world in his (young).II . Choose the right word to complete the sentence.1. The students were(in / at) a meeting before they went home yesterday.2. Please vote(to/ for) the man you can trust.3. Nowadays lunch is free(to / for) us in our company.4. How much should I pay(to / for) the new computer in all?5. This afternoon, Arthur asked(to / for) leave because he had a fever.【keys】I. 1. readers 2. briefly 3. decision 4. delighted 5. youth .1.at 2. for 3. to 4. for 5. for Step 4: Important Sentences structures.1. I started taking notes. start doing sth.开始做某事 e.g. We should start doing our homework when we get home. 我们一到家就应该开始做家庭作业。2. or should they pay for it? payfor sth. 为付款 它与spendon及cost意思相近。 e.g. I paid 20 yuan for the book.=I spent 20 yuan on the book.=The book cost me 20 yuan. 我花20元钱买的这本书。3. What should we call it? e.g. Pansy said we ought to call it the Mayfield Sun. 情态动词(should/should not, ought to/ought not to) should和ought to多用于劝告或建议，语气委婉。 e.g. You ought to/should obey your parents. 你应该听你父母的话。 You ought not to/shouldnt smoke so much, you are wasting your money. 你不应该吸这么多烟，你是在浪费钱。 I told him that he ought to/should do it. 我告诉他他应该做这件事。【随堂练习】. Read and choose the best answer.()1. The woman decided the good servant.A. to believe notB. dont believeC. to believeD. to not believe()2. The town was about train ride away from his home.A. four hours B. four hoursC. four hourD. four hours()3. The teacher told us to the problem among ourselves.A. talk over B. talk withC. talk toD. talk off()4. We can learn from the newspapers and magazines.A. manyB. muchC. a lot ofD. lot of() 5. Ought we to write a report about our meeting for the headmaster?No, you.A. ought toB. ought not toC. ought to notD. not ought toRewrite the sentences as required.1. We held a meeting yesterday afternoon. (改为一般疑问句) you a meeting yesterday afternoon?2. Joyce took charge of the exhibition on the Open Day. (保持原句意思) Joyce of the exhibition on the Open Day.Reading comprehension.Some people have very good memories, and can easily learn long poems by heart. There are other people who can remember things when they have said them again and again.The famous English writer, Charles Dickens, said that he could walk down along street in London and then tell you the names of every shop he had passed. Many of the great men of the world have good memories.A good memory is a great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he learns when he is a small child. Some children dont live in their own country, and they seem to learn two languages almost as easily as one. At school it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so little time for it and they are busy with other lessons, too.A mans mind is quite like a camera, but it takes photos not Only of what we see but of what we feel, hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo with a camera, there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture forever in our minds.Answer the following questions.()1. The person who has a good memory can .A. only remember what he has saidB. ha