高级英语1 何兆熊 U6-On the art of living with others

Unit6OntheArtofLivingwithOthers 新世纪高等院校英语专业本科生系列教材 修订版 高级英语1电子教案 DetailedReading Contents WarmUp GlobalReading ConsolidationActivities TextAppreciation FurtherEnhancement Section1 WarmUp Watchthemovieclipandanswerthequestions Lead in BackgroundInformation Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation 1 Whatwasthecauseoftheoldercouple squarrel Whatwastheresult Thecausewasthehusband sobsessionwithhisnewhobby spyingontheweirdblondmanacrossthestreeteverynight Thequarrelendedupintheirseparation Thewifeleftherhusbandeventuallyandwenttostaywithhermother 2 Whatwasthecauseoftheyoungcouple srow Whathappenedtothemintheend Theboyfriend Barney wouldn treplacehiscoffeemugswithhisgirlfriend s Quinn favoriteonesinhisapartment Theirrowendedupintheirreconciliation Barneyfinallygaveinandclearlyexpressedhisnewattitudebysmashinghisownmugs Section1 WarmUp Lead in BackgroundInformation 3 Whatdoyouthinkistheactualproblembetweenthesecouples Thesepeople sself centerednessisthegreatestproblemdamagingtheirrelationshipwithothers 4 Whatproblemscanoccurbetweenfamilymembers couples friends colleaguesorroommates 5 Howshouldpeopledealwiththeseproblems Whatmaytheauthorthink Qs Section1 WarmUp AbouttheAuthorSirArthurHelps EnglishwriteranddeanofthePrivyCouncil educatedatEtonandatTrinityCollege Cambridge Hewasamemberofthe ConversazioneSociety betterknownastheApostles asocietyestablishedin1820forthepurposeofdiscussiononsocialandliteraryquestionsbyafewyoungmenattractedtoeachotherbyacommontasteforliteratureandspeculation 1813 1875 BackgroundInformation Lead in Section1 WarmUp SirHelpswasquiteprolific Hepublishedanumberofplays novels histories andessaycollections ShortlyafterHelps deathin1875 acriticwrotethat suchessaysas TheArtofLivingWithOthers willcontinuetobeprintedandreprintedaslongasmenarehumanenoughtoneedthehelpofthosewhoknowtheirweaknessbecauseofsharingit BackgroundInformation Lead in Section1 WarmUp Dr JohnsonDr Johnson 1709 1784 isanEnglishpoet essayist critic journalist lexicographer conversationalist regardedasoneoftheoutstandingfiguresofthe18th centurylifeandletters NotedforhisDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage 1755 Dr Johnsonwasequallycelebratedforhisbrilliantandwittyconversation BackgroundInformation Lead in Section1 WarmUp WilliamHazlittWilliamHazlittisaBritishcritic essayistandlecturer Hecontributedtojournals notablytoTheExaminer andtoessaycollections suchasTheRoundTable 1817 Manyofhismostbrilliantessaysappearedinhistwobest knownbooks TableTalk 1821 andThePlainSpeaker 1826 TheSpiritoftheAge 1825 containssomeofhismosteffectivewriting 1778 1830 BackgroundInformation Lead in Section1 WarmUp CharlesIICharlesIIwastheKingofGreatBritainandIreland SonofCharlesI hesupportedhisfatherintheEnglishCivilWars Afterhisfather sexecution heinvadedEnglandin1651butwasdefeatedatWorcester HethenspentyearsinexileuntilOliverCromwelldiedandconditionsfavoredareturntothemonarchy 1660 1685 BackgroundInformation Lead in Section1 WarmUp Hebecameknownas theMerryMonarch forhisliftingofPuritanrestrictionsonentertainmentandhisownloveofpleasure ImportanteventsofhisreignincludedthecontroversialTreatyofDoverandtwowarswiththeDutch HealmostlostcontrolofhisgovernmentwhenhysteriaaroseoverthePopishPlottoreplacehimwithhisRomanCatholicbrotherJames thefutureJamesII Charleskepthisnerve reestablishedhispoliticalcontrol andeventuallyenjoyedaresurgenceinloyalty HispoliticaladaptabilityandacumenenabledhimtosteerhiscountrythroughthestrugglebetweenAnglicans Catholics anddissentersthatmarkedhisreign BackgroundInformation Lead in Section2 GlobalReading Whatisthetextmainlyabout StructuralAnalysis MainIdea Bylistingouttenprinciplesoftheartoflivingwithothers whichpeopleshouldbearinmindyettheyoftenignoreinreality theauthoristryingtotellreadersthatiftheseprinciplesarethoroughlyunderstoodandstrictlyfollowed therewillbenoreasonforpeopletofeelangryaboutotherswholivewiththem Section2 GlobalReading Pleasedividethetextinto3partsandsummarizethemainideaofeachpart StructuralAnalysis MainIdea PartI Paragraphs1 2 Introduction InParagraphs1 2 theauthorintroducesthetopicofthetext andbystressingtheimportanceofordinarylife hewantsreaderstoknowthatvirtuesaswellasheroescanbefoundinordinarylife StructuralAnalysis MainIdea PartIII Paragraphs15 ThePracticabilityoftheTenPrinciples Paragraph15stressesthepracticabilityofthetenprinciples PartII Paragraphs3 14 TenPrinciplesoftheArtofLivingwithOthers Paragraphs3 14listoutandexplainthetenprinciplesoftheartoflivingwithothers Section2 GlobalReading Section3 DetailedReading 1 1 TheIliadforwar theOdysseyforwandering butwhereisthegreatdomesticepic 2 Yetitisbutcommonplacetosay thatpassionsmayrageroundatea table whichwouldnothavemisbecomemendashingatoneanotherinwar chariots andevolutionsofpatienceandtemperareperformedatthefireside worthytobecomparedwiththeRetreatoftheTenThousand 3 Menhaveworshippedsomefantasticbeingforlivingaloneinawilderness butsocialmartyrdomsplacenosaintsuponthecalendar OntheArtofLivingwithOthers QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading 2Wemayblindourselvestoitifwelike butthehatredsanddisguststhattherearebehindfriendship relationship service and indeed 4 proximityofallkinds isoneofthedarkestspotsuponearth Thevariousrelationsoflife whichbringpeopletogether cannot asweknow beperfectlyfulfilledexceptinastatewheretherewill perhaps benooccasionforanyofthem Itisnoharm however toendeavourtoseewhetherthereareanymethodswhichmaymaketheserelationsintheleastdegreemoreharmoniousnow Section3 DetailedReading 3Inthefirstplace ifpeoplearetolivehappilytogether theymustnotfancy becausetheyarethrowntogethernow thatalltheirliveshavebeenexactlysimilaruptothepresenttime thattheystartedexactlyalike andthattheyaretobeforthefutureofthesamemind Athoroughconvictionofthedifferenceofmenisthegreatthingtobeassuredofinsocialknowledge itistolifewhatNewton slawistoastronomy 6Sometimesmenhaveaknowledgeofitwithregardtotheworldingeneral theydonotexpecttheouterworldtoagreewiththeminallpoints butarevexedatnotbeingabletodrive QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading theirowntastesandopinionsintothosetheylivewith Diversitiesdistressthem Theywillnotseethattherearemanyformsofvirtueandwisdom Yetwemightaswellsay Whyallthesestars whythisdifference whynotallonestar 4Manyoftherulesforpeoplelivingtogetherinpeacefollowfromtheabove Forinstance nottointerfereunreasonablywithothers nottoridiculetheirtastes nottoquestionandre questiontheirresolves nottoindulgeinperpetualcommentontheirproceedings andtodelightintheirhavingotherpursuitsthanours areallbaseduponathoroughperceptionofthesimplefactthattheyarenotwe 7 Section3 DetailedReading 5Anotherruleforlivinghappilywithothersistoavoidhaving 7 stocksubjectsofdisputation Itmostlyhappens whenpeoplelivemuchtogether thattheycometohavecertainsettopics aroundwhich fromfrequentdispute thereissuchagrowthofangrywords mortifiedvanityandthelike thattheoriginalsubjectofdifferencebecomesastandingsubjectforquarrel 8 andthereisatendencyinallminordisputestodriftdowntoit 6Again ifpeoplewishtolivewelltogether theymustnot QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading holdtoomuchtologic andsupposethateverythingistobesettledbysufficientreason Dr Johnsonsawthisclearlywithregardtomarriedpeople whenhesaid 9 Wretchedwouldbethepairaboveallnamesofwretchedness whoshouldbedoomedtoadjustbyreasoneverymorningalltheminutedetailofadomesticday Buttheapplicationshouldbemuchmoregeneralthanhemadeit Thereisnotimeforsuchreasonings andnothingthatisworththem Andwhenwerecollecthowtwolawyers ortwopoliticians cangoon QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading contending andthatthereisnoendofone sidedreasoningonanysubject weshallnotbesurethatsuchcontentionisthebestmodeforarrivingattruth 10Butcertainlyitisnotthewaytoarriveatfloodtemper 7Ifyouwouldbelovedasacompanion avoidunnecessarycriticismuponthosewithwhomyoulive Thenumberof 11peoplewhohavetakenoutjudges patentsforthemselvesisverylargeinanysociety Nowitwouldbehardforamantolivewithanotherwhowasalwayscriticizinghisactions evenifitwerekindlyandjustcriticism Section3 DetailedReading Itwouldbelikelivingbetweentheglassesofamicroscope Buttheseself electedjudges liketheirprototypes areveryapttohavethepersonstheyjudgebroughtbeforethemintheguiseofculprits 8Oneofthemostprovokingformsofthecriticismabovealludedtoisthatwhichmaybecalledcriticismovertheshoulder HadIbeenconsulted Hadyoulistenedtome Butyoualwayswill andsuchshortscrapsofsentencesmayremindmanyofusofdissertationswhichwehavesufferedandinflicted andofwhichwecannotcalltomindanysoothingeffect Section3 DetailedReading 9Anotherruleis nottoletfamiliarityswallowupallcourtesy Manyofushaveahabitofsayingtothosewithwhomwelivesuchthingsaswesayaboutstrangersbehindtheirbacks 1 Thereisnoplace however whererealpolitenessisofmorevaluethanwherewemostlythinkitwouldbesuperfluous Youmaysaymoretruth orratherspeakoutmoreplainlytoourassociates butnotlesscourteouslythanyoudotostrangers 10Again wemustnotexpectmorefromthesocietyofourfriendsandcompanionsthanitcangive andespeciallymustnotexpectcontrarythings QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading Itissomethingarroganttotalkoftravellingoverotherminds mindbeing forwhatweknow infinite butstillwebecomefamiliarwiththeupperviews tastes andtempersofourassociates Anditishardlyinmantoestimatejustlywhatisfamiliartohim Intravelingalongatnight asHazlittsays wecatchaglimpseintocheerful lookingroomswithlightblazinginthem andweconcludeinvoluntarilyhowhappytheinmatesmustbe Yetthereisheavenandhellinthoserooms thesameheavenandhellthatwehaveknowninothers 11Therearetwogreatclassesofpromotersofsocialhappiness Section3 DetailedReading cheerfulpeople andpeoplewhohavesomereticence Thelatteraremoresecurebenefitstosocietyeventhantheformer 15Theyarenon conductorsofalltheheatsandanimositiesaroundthem Tohavepeaceinahouse orafamily oranysocialcircle themembersofitmustbewareofpassingon16hastyanduncharitablespeeches which thewholeofthecontextseldombeingtold isoftennotconveyingbutcreatingmischief Theymustbeverygoodpeopletoavoiddoingthis forletHumanNaturesaywhatitwill itlikessometimestolookonataquarrel andthatnotaltogetherfromill nature QUESTION Section3 DetailedReading butfromaloveofexcitement forthesamereasonthatCharlesIIlikedtoattendthedebatesintheLords becausetheywere asgoodasaplay 12Wecomenowtotheconsiderationoftemper whichmighthavebeenexpectedtobetreatedfirst Buttocutoffthemeansandcausesofbadtemperis perhaps ofasmuchimportanceasanydirectdealingwiththetemperitself Besides itisprobablethatinsmallsocialcirclesthereismoresufferingfromunkindnessthanill temper 17 Angerisathingthatthosewholiveunderussuffermorefromthanthosewholivewithus Section3 DetailedReading 18 Butalltheformsofill humourandsour sensitiveness whichespeciallybelongtoequalintimacy though indeed theyarecommontoall arebesttobemetbyimpassiveness Whentwosensitivepersonsareshutuptogether theygoonvexingeachotherwith 9 areproductiveirritability Butsensitiveandhardpeoplegetonwelltogether 20 Thesupplyoftemperisnotaltogetheroutoftheusuallawsofsupplyanddemand 13Intimatefriendsandrelationsshouldbecarefulwhentheygooutintotheworldtogether oradmitotherstotheirown Section3 DetailedReading circle thattheydonot 21makeabaduseoftheknowledgewhichtheyhavegainedofeachotherbytheirintimacy 22 Nothingismorecommonthanthis anddiditnotmostlyproceedfrommerecarelessnessitwouldbesuperlativelyungenerous Youseldomneedwaitforthewrittenlifeofamantohearabouthisweaknesses orwhataresupposedtobesuch ifyouknowhisintimatefriends ormeethimincompanywiththem 14Lastly inconciliatingthosewelivewith itismostsurelydone notbyconsultingtheirinterests norbygivingwayto Section3 DetailedReading theiropinions somuchasbynotoffendingtheirtastes 23 Themostrefinedpartofusliesinthisregionoftaste whichisperhapsaresultofourwholebeingratherthanapartofournature and atanyrate istheregionofourmostsubtlesympathiesandantipathies 15ItmaybesaidthatifgreatprinciplesofChristianitywereattendedto allsuchrules suggestions andobservationsastheabovewouldbeneedless Trueenough Greatprinciplesareatthebottomofallthings buttoapplythemtodailylife manylittlerules precautions andinsightsareneeded Section3 DetailedReading Suchthingsholdamiddleplacebetweenreallifeandprinciples asformdoesbetweenmatterandspirit mouldingtheoneandexpressingtheother ACTIVITY Section3 DetailedReading Howdoesthearticlesuccessfullyattractreaders attentioninthebeginning Paragraph1 Thepowerfulfirstsentencesuccessfullygrabsreaders attention Thoughonlyoffifteenwords itembodiesatleastfourrhetoricaldevices allusion parallelism comparisonandarhetoricalquestion Drawingonreaders commonknowledgeofthetwoancientGreekepicpoems thissentencehighlightstheimportanceofordinarylifethroughacontrastbetweenheroicdeedsandhouseholdlife Section3 DetailedReading Whydoestheauthorholdthebeliefthat athoroughconvictionofthedifferenceofmenisthegreatthingtobeassuredofinsocialknowledge Paragraph3 Athoroughconvictionofthedifferenceofmenmeansnotonlyanominalknowledgeofthedifference butwillingacceptanceofandheartfeltrespectforit Thoughsometimesthedifferencemaybringussomediscomfort weshouldstillbearinmindthatdiversityisthesourceofgenuinehappiness Ashavingbeenfrequentlyprovedbyhumanhistory incapabilitytounderstandandtoleratethedifferenceofmencanleadtosuchterribleconsequencesaswars Section3 DetailedReading Whyshouldweavoidhavingstocksubjectsofdisputation Paragraph5 Ifwearenotopen mindedandforgetasubjectofdifference wewillalwaysquarrelaboutthesubject Andifsuchamentalityisformed onewillunconsciouslybecomethevictimofhisownbigotry Section3 DetailedReading Whyshouldpeoplenotholdtoomuchtologicifagoodrelationshipwithothersistobeachieved Paragraph6 Thoughholdingtologicisaneffectivewaytoavoidfloodtemper itisnotalwaysthebestmodeforarrivingattruth Allthatpeopledoorsayisnotaresultofcarefulthinkingorreasoning Moreover peopledonothavethatmuchtimeforlogicalreasonings noristhereanythingthathastobemadeclearbylogicalreasoning Section3 DetailedReading Whyshouldwenotexpectmorefromourfriendsandcompanionsthantheycangive Paragraph10 Itismoreoftenthannotthatourafflictionindealingwithinterpersonalrelationshipscomesnotfromourfriendsorcompanions disappointingbehavior butratherfromourundueexpectationoftheirbehavior Actually ourexpectationofotherpeople sfavorableresponseisbaseduponapresumptuouspresuppositionthatwehaveenoughadvantageofasuperiorintellectthatwecaneasilytelltheideasinothers minds Section3 DetailedReading Whyare peoplewhohavesomereticence alsoregardedaspromotersofsocialhappiness Paragraph11 Fromtheauthor sportraitofthisgroupofpeople wecanfeel withoutdoubt theauthor sappreciationofthem Itistheywho bynot passingonhastyanduncharitablespeeches leaveotherpeoplethelargestpossiblespaceinlifeandreducethepossibilityofanimositiestotheminimumlevel Section3 DetailedReading ClassDiscussions1 Consideringyourownexperiences whatwerethemostunbearablethingstoyouwhenyoulivewithothers 2 Towhatdegreedoyouagreewiththetenprinciplesproposedbytheauthor Howwouldyourankthemintermsofpriority Section3 DetailedReading misbecome v old fashioned obsolete tobeunsuitableorinappropriatefor e g Itmisbecomeshimtosteal Itmisbecomesyoutospeakillofyourparents Section3 DetailedReading war chariot n anancienthorse drawntwo wheeledvehicleusedinwar Section3 DetailedReading martyrdom n thestateofbeingamartyr i e onewhomakesgreatsacrificesorsuffersmuchinordertofurtherabelief causeorprinciple extremesufferingofanykind e g Thesuicidebombersaremotivatedbyhateaswellasbythedesireformartyrdom Sufferingandpainareneithersignsofweaknessnortrophiesofmartyrdom Transformation martyrn apersonwhosuffersgreatlyordiesforacause belief etc Section3 DetailedReading martyrizev tokillasamartyr tomakeamartyrofmartyrizationn Synonym persecution suffering torture agony ordeal torment anguish Section3 DetailedReading proximity n formal closeness closerelationship e g Marriagesinproximityofbloodareforbiddenbythelaw Proximityseekingiscommonlyinterpretedasanindexofinfant to parentattachment Collocation Allofmyfamilyliveincloseproximity thetown sproximitytothemountains proximitytoe g incloseproximitye g Section3 DetailedReading conviction n astrongbelieforopinionaboutsth e g Sheholdsdeepreligiousconvictions Collocation notcarryconviction Ifsomeone swords actions etc donotcarryconviction youdonotbelievethattheyaretrueorhoneste g Melputonasmile butitdidn tcarrymuchconviction Section3 DetailedReading Transformation convictv toproveinacourtoflawthatsb isguiltyofacrimee g convicteda e g Andersonfacesupto24yearsinprisonifconvicted Robinsonwasconvictedofthemurderofhismotherandbrother Hehastwicebeenconvictedofrobbery aconvictedmurderer Section3 DetailedReading vex v old fashioned tocausedifficultytosb ortocausesb tofeelangry annoyedorupset e g Aheadachevexedhimallmorning Wewerevexedbythedelay Thisproblemhasvexedresearchersforyears Thisissuelookslikelytocontinuetovexthegovernment Synonym aggravate annoy bother exasperate irritate Transformation vexeda Avexedproblemorquestionisverydifficultandcausespeoplealotoftrouble Section3 DetailedReading e g Thegovernmenthastodealwiththevexedquestionofhowtoreducespending e g vexinga makingyoufeelannoyed confusedorworried e g Theconstantlychangingschedulewassomewhatvexing butIcoped vexationn formal thefeelingofbeingannoyed confusedorworried sth thatcausesthisfeeling e g Afterseveralunsuccessfulattemptstostarthiscar hesworeinvexation vexatiousa old fashioned vexing annoying Thissettlementwillresolveoneofthemostvexatiousproblemsinthefieldofindustrialrelations Section3 DetailedReading ridicule v totrytomakesb orsth seemsillybymakingfunoftheminanunkindway e g Oliverfelthewasbeingridiculedbythestudents Iadmiredherallthemoreforallowingthemtoridiculeherandneverstrikingback Transformation ridicule n remarksorbehaviorintendedtomakesb orsth seemsillybymakingfunoftheminanunkindwaye g Theideametwithsuchridiculethatitwasdropped Herold fashionedideasriskmakingheranobjectofridicule Section3 DetailedReading e g e g Denaboughtrollsofsilkthatseemedridiculouslycheap Hotelroomsinthecityareridiculouslyoverpricedduringthefestival aridiculousideaShelooksabsolutelyridiculousinthathat It sridiculoustoeventhinkaboutgoingoutinthisstorm It sridiculousthatnobody sdoinganythingtostopit ri