walt whitman惠特曼及作品简介

WaltWhitman 1819 1892 LeavesofGrass WhitmanwasoneofthemostoriginalandinspiringAmericanpoets truetohisheartandtohisroleasapoet 草叶集 得名于集中的一句诗 哪里有土 哪里有水 哪里就长着草 LeavesofGrass LeavesofGrasswascreatedbyWaltWhitmanintheformoffreeverse LeavesofGrassran9editionswithmorethan400poemsallwritteninfreeverseform 在诗歌形式上有大胆的创新 创造了 自由体 的诗歌形式 打破了传统的诗歌格律 FreeVerse Freeverse 自由体 poetrywithoutafixedbeatorregularrhymescheme Thelinesdonotfollowanysetform Somelinesareshort Somearelong Thewordsattheendofeachlinedonothaveasimilarsound Theydonotrhyme LeavesofGrass Whitmanwritesaboutgrassasasignofeverlastinglife Thetitleimpliesrebirth renewal orgreenlife AsWhitmanoncesaid LeavesofGrassis theoutcroppingofmyownemotionalandotherpersonalnature anattempt fromfirsttolast toputaPerson ahumanbeingfreely fullyandtruelyonrecord WaltWhitmanTherefore hethrewasidethetraditionalornamentsandprettinessofverseandcreatedhisownform AppreciationOne sSelfIsing 歌唱自己 One sSelfISing Thissmall nine line poemisreallyaprefacetoalltheothersinLeavesofGrass One sSelfISing ONE S SELFIsing asimple separatePerson YetutterthewordDemocratic thewordEn masse OfPhysiologyfromtoptotoeIsing Notphysiognomyalone norbrainalone isworthyforthemuse IsaytheFormcompleteisworthierfar TheFemaleequallywiththemaleIsing OfLifeimmenseinpassion pulse andpower Cheerful forfreestactionform d underthelawsdivine TheModernManIsing Thetechniqueinthispoem Alliterationandparallelism One s selfIsing asimpleseparateperson 我歌唱我自己 一个个善良的人类个体 YetutterthewordDemocratic thewordEn Masse 但说着平等 全体的话语 OfphysiologyfromtoptotoeIsing 我歌唱从头到脚的生理学科 NotphysiognomyalonenorbrainaloneisworthyfortheMuse 不仅仅外貌 头脑 灵感值得我歌唱 IsaytheFormcompleteisworthierfar 我说整个形体都非常值得我歌咏 TheFemaleequallywiththeMaleIsing 我歌唱女人以及男人 OfLifeimmenseinpassion pulse andpower 我歌唱生命中那无限的激情 意向 力量 Cheerful forfreestactionform dunderthelawsdivine 歌唱那愉悦地 极度符合神意法则的行为 TheModernManIsing 我歌唱现代的人类 Freeverse 自我 个性 Thedistinctionsinthisbriefpoemare One s Self En Masse separateperson Democraticphysiognomy brainFemale Malelawsdivine Modern Theme Themainthemeofthispoem DemocraticandEgalitarianEgalitarian i g l te ri n 主张平等的 平等主义的 1 Whatisthesignificanceofsingingaboutone sself Itisanexaltationoftheindividualspirit whichistypicalofAmericanpeople 2 Whatisthedifferencebetweenphysiologyandphysiognomy Physiologyisasciencethatdealswiththefunctionsandlifeprocessofhumanbeings whereasphysiognomyreferstoanartofjudgingcharacterfromcontoursoffaceitselfortheappearanceofaperson k nt r 外形 轮廓 3 WhatdoesWhitmanmeanbythetermof theModernMan Hemeansthatamanshouldbefreefromanyprejudiceandpride totallydifferentfromthetraditionalone thatisfullofbias Whitman Whitman PresidentAbrahamLincoln OCaptain MyCaptain OCaptain MyCaptain OCaptain myCaptain ourfearfultripisdone Theshiphasweatheredeveryrack theprizewesoughtiswon Theportisnear thebellsIhear thepeopleallexulting Whilefolloweyesthesteadykeel thevesselgrimanddaring ButOheart heart heart Othebleedingdropsofred WhereonthedeckmyCaptainlies Fallencoldanddead 啊 船长 我的船长 啊 船长 我的船长 我们完成了可怕的远航 巨轮历尽风雨 我们赢得追寻的奖赏 港口已近 钟声传来 一片欢呼的声浪 稳健的大船 追随的目光 多么威武雄壮 可是 心啊 心啊 心啊 心中的鲜血在滴滴流淌 甲板上躺着我们的船长 他已辞世 全身冰凉 OCaptain MyCaptain OCaptain myCaptain riseupandhearthebells Riseup foryoutheflagisflung foryouthebugletrills Foryoubouquetsandribbon dwreaths foryoutheshoresacrowding Foryoutheycall theswayingmass theireagerfacesturning HereCaptain dearfather Thisarmbeneathyourhead ItissomedreamthatonthedeckYou vefallencoldanddead 啊 船长 我的船长 啊 船长 我的船长 起来听那钟声荡漾 起来 旌旗为你招展 号角为你激昂 花团锦簇 彩带飘飞 为你 岸边人群熙熙嚷攘 人们把你呼唤 万头攒动 他们晃动急切的面庞 在这里 船长 慈爱的父亲 你的头下枕着我的臂膀 那是甲板上的梦境 你已辞世 全身冰凉 OCaptain MyCaptain MyCaptaindoesnotanswer hislipsarepaleandstill Myfatherdoesnotfeelmyarm hehasnopulsenorwill Theshipisanchoredsafeandsound itsvoyageclosedanddone Fromfearfultripthevictorshipcomesinwithobjectwon Exult Oshores andringObells ButI withmournfultread WalkthedeckmyCaptainlies Fallencoldanddead 啊 船长 我的船长 我的船长没有回答 双唇苍白 沉默 安详 我的父亲无法觉察我的手臂 他的脉搏停止了跳荡 可怕的征途已过 胜利归来 大船安全停靠 就此结束远航 啊 海岸欢呼 啊 钟声敲响 然而 我的步履沉重悲伤 在甲板上踱步 那里躺着我的船长 他已辞世 全身冰凉 Appreciation OCaptain MyCaptain iswrittenin1865byWaltWhitman concerningthedeathofAmericanpresidentAbrahamLincoln Theshortandbriefapostropheisusedastitlehere endowedwithardorandmightiness 呼语 饱含激情 劲见有力 Appreciation ItisunusualforWhitmantowritewithaconventionalmeterandrhymescheme Thepoemwaswritteninthreestanzas 8lineseach theformerarelongwhilethelatterareshort rhymingaabbcded 全诗共三节 每节八行 前长后短 每节均为aabbcded Analysis Repeatedmetaphoricalreferenceismadetothisissuethroughouttheverse Captain referstoPresidentLincoln and ship referstoAmerica whileits fearfultrip recallsthetroublesoftheAmericanCivilWar Rhetoricorfiguresofspeech RepetitionParallelismMetaphorSynecdocheAlliterationApostrophe Therepetitions 1 WhereonthedeckmyCaptainlies Fallencoldanddead 2 Theshipisanchor dsafeandsound itsvoyageclosedanddone Fromfearfultripthevictorshipcomesinwithobjectwon ExultOshores andringObells OCaptain MyCaptain contrastdescription 1节 船将到港口 船长倒下2节 呼唤船长 希望他睁眼 看看人民欢庆胜利的盛况3节 揭示客观现实 船长已死 听不到我的话一边是胜利的欢呼 一边是英雄的倒下 这样写的作用 运用对比突出了英雄伟业 也突出了伟大人物的牺牲价值 增添了悲剧色彩 有强烈的感染力 1 Whyistheword Captain capitalizedthroughoutthepoem Inthispoemtheword Captain speciallyreferstoAbrahamLincol