Unit_5_The_Power_of_a_Good_Name

综合英语教程Unit5Book4 Unit5 ThePowerofaGoodName ReadingandLanguageActivitiesVictorShan PartII Fast readingquestions Warming updiscussion Detailed readingquestions Structure Mainidea ReadingandLanguageActivities Text Discussthefollowingquestions Howimportantisagoodreputation Workwithyourpartnertothinkofatleastthreecasesinwhichthepowerofagoodnameisdemonstrated Haveyoueverdonesomethingwhichsubsequentlystainedyourreputation Orhaveyouseenorheardofsimilarexamples Howcanoneearnagoodreputation Howcanonemaintainagoodreputation Warming updiscussion HowtoearnagoodreputationSuggestedpointskeepone spromiseb behonestandtruthfulc befaithfultoyourworkandthepeopleinyourlifed pursueahighqualityofworkandtrytodevelopasenseofprofessionalisme keepyourmindopentosuggestions ideasandevencriticismsfromothersf bepoliteandgracefulinmanaginginter personalrelationshipsg keepalovingspiritforthepeopleinyourlifeh besympathetictowardsthosewhoareunderprivilegedmaintainyourdignityinthefaceofauthorityj bemodest HowtomaintainagoodreputationSuggestedpointsbeempatheticbyputtingoneselfinsomeoneelse sshoesb beawareofdetailsofworkandeverydaylifec bepersistentinworkevenwhenconfrontedwithdifficultiesd behonestandbraveenoughtoadmityourincompetencewhenyoucannotdowhatisexpectede keepmottoestowarnoneselfofselfishness greediness andotherevilsf keeprolemodelsinmind especiallywhenyouaretemptedbyunduedesires Text ThePowerofaGoofNamebyArmstrongWilliams OnesummerdaymyfathersentmetobuywireandfencingforourfarminMarionCounty SouthCarolina At16 IlikednothingbetterthangettingbehindthewheelofourChevypickup butthistimetherewasadamperonmyspirits MyfatherhadtoldmeI dhavetoaskforcreditatthestore Text ThePowerofaGoofName Sixteenisapridefulage whenayoungmanwantsrespect notcharity Itwas1976 andtheuglyshadowofracismwasstillafactoflife I dseenmyfriendsaskforcreditandthenstand headdown whileapatronizingstoreownerquestionedwhethertheywere goodforit Iknewblackyouthsjustlikemewhowerewatchedlikethievesbythestoreclerkeachtimetheywentintoagrocery Text ThePowerofaGoofName Myfamilywashonest Wepaidourdebts Butbeforeharvest cashwasshort Wouldthestoreownertrustus AtDavisBrothersGeneralStore BuckDavisstoodbehindtheregister talkingtoamiddle agedfarmer Buckwasatall weatheredmaninaredhuntingshirtandkhakipants andInoddedasIpassedhimonmywaytothehardwareaisle WhenIbroughtmypurchasestotheregister Isaidcarefully Ineedtoputthisoncredit Text ThePowerofaGoofName Thefarmergavemeanamused cynicallook ButBuck sfacedidn tchange Sure hesaideasily Yourdaddyisalwaysgoodforit Heturnedtotheotherman ThishereisoneofJamesWilliams ssons Thefarmernoddedinaneighborlyway Iwasfilledwithpride JamesWilliams sson Thosethreewordshadopenedadoortoanadult srespectandtrust Text ThePowerofaGoofName ThatdayIdiscoveredthatagoodnamecouldbestowacapitalofgoodwillofimmensevalue Thegoodnamemyfatherandmotherhadearnedbroughtourwholefamilytherespectofourneighbors EveryoneknewwhattoexpectfromaWilliams adecentpersonwhokepthiswordandrespectedhimselftoomuchtodowrong Text ThePowerofaGoofName Wechildren eightbrothersandtwosisters couldenjoythatgoodname unearned unlessanduntilwedidsomethingtoloseit Compromisingitwouldhurtnotonlythetransgressorbutalsothosewelovedandthosewholovedus Wehadastakeinoneanother andinourselves Agoodname andtheresponsibilitythatcamewithit forceduschildrentobebetterthanweotherwisemightbe Wewantedtobethoughtofasgoodpeople andbyactinglikegoodpeopleforlongenough webecameprettydecentcitizens Text ThePowerofaGoofName Thedesiretokeeptherespectofagoodnamepropelledmetobecomethefirstinourfamilytogotouniversity Eventually itgavemetheinitiativetostartmyownsuccessfulpublicrelationsfirminWashington D C IthoughtaboutthepowerofagoodnamewhenIheardGeneralColinPowellsaythatAmericaneedstorestoreasenseofshameinitsneighborhoods He sright Ifprideinagoodnamekeepsfamiliesandneighborhoodsstraight asenseofshameisthereversesideofthatcoin Text ThePowerofaGoofName Doingdrugs abusingalcohol stealing gettingayoungwomanpregnantoutofwedlock today noneofthesebehaviorsisthedeepembarrassmentitshouldbe NearlyoneoutofthreebirthsinAmericaistoanunwedmother Manyofthesechildrenwillgrowupwithoutthesecurityandguidanceofacaringfatherandmothercommittedtoeachother Text ThePowerofaGoofName Oncethesocialtiesandmutualobligationsofthefamilydisintegrate communitiesfallapart Politiciansmayboastthatcrimeisfalling butwhilethepopulationhasincreasedonly40percentsince1960 violentcrimeinAmericahasincreasedastaggering550percent andwe vebecomeusedtoit Teendrugabuseisrisingagain Noneighborhoodisimmune InoneNorthCarolinacounty policearrested73studentsfrom12secondaryschoolsfordealingdrugs someofthemrightintheclassroom Text ThePowerofaGoofName Culturalinfluencessuchastelevisionandmoviesportraymostlyaworldinwhichrespectgoestothemostviolent Lifeisconsideredcheap Meanwhile thesmallsignsofcivilityandrespectthatsustaincivilizationarevanishingfromschools storesandstreets Phraseslike yes madam no sir thankyou and please showself respectandrespectforothers Yet encouragedbythepervasiveprofanityontelevisionandinmusic kidsdon tthinktwiceaboutaggressiveandvulgarlanguage Text ThePowerofaGoofName Manyoftoday skidshavefailedbecausetheirsenseofshamehasfailed Theywerebornintofamilieswithpoorreputations notcaringaboutkeepingagoodname Today whenI mbackhome Ireceiverespectbecauseofthegoodnamepassedonasmyfather spatrimonyandupheldtothisdaybymeandmysiblings PeoplelikeBuckDaviscametoknowofmysuccessintheworld Butitwasmyfamily sgoodnamethatpavedtheway Text ThePowerofaGoofName Keepingagoodnameisrewardednotonlybyoutsiders esteembutwhenthosewhoknowyoubestputtheirconfidenceinyou InthelastmonthsofhislifeDaddy typically worriedmoreaboutmymotherthanabouthisillness Hewantedtospareherthegriefofwatchinghimdieathome Sohecametome Text ThePowerofaGoofName BythenIwaslivingandworkinginWashington D C WhenDaddyarrivedfromSouthCarolina Ihadhimadmittedtoanearbyhospital Fortwomonths Ispenteverydaysittingbyhisbedside Bothofusknewhehadlittletimeleft Whenhewasnotintoomuchpaintotalk hewouldaskaboutthefamily Hewantedtobesurehehadmethisresponsibilitiesinthisworld Onthelastday Iwastherewithhimashepassedaway Text ThePowerofaGoofName Mydaddyhadneverbeenrichorpowerful Butinhisdying hegavemealastgift hisfaiththatIwasthemanhehadwantedmetobe Bytrustingmetocareforhimatthemomentofhispassing heshowednotonlyhislove buthisprideandconfidenceinme Afterall IwasJamesWilliams sson aWilliamsofMarion SouthCarolinaandaWilliamswoulddoright Discussthefollowingquestions Whatdidthefatherasktheboytodo Didtheboyhaveanytroubleatthestore Whathappened Howdidtheboyfeelaboutthetrusthegotfromthestoreowner Whatdidtheboydiscoverafterthisexperience Whatwasthevalueofagoodnamehisparentshadearned Whatwasthechildren sresponsibilityinrelationtothegoodnameofthefamily Fast readingquestions Fast readingquestions 1 Whatdidthefatherasktheboytodo Tobuywireandfencingoncreditatthestore Fast readingquestions 2 Didtheboyhaveanytroubleatthestore Whathappened No theowneragreedtoputhimoncreditwithouthesitation Fast readingquestions 3 Howdidtheboyfeelaboutthetrusthegotfromthestoreowner Thismadehimfeelveryproudofhisfatherandhisfamily sgoodreputation Fast readingquestions 4 Whatdidtheboydiscoverafterthisexperience Agoodnamecouldbestowacapitalofgoodwillofimmensevalue Fast readingquestions 5 Whatwasthevalueofagoodnamehisparentshadearned Thegoodnamebroughthiswholefamilytherespectofhisneighbors Fast readingquestions 6 Whatwasthechildren sresponsibilityinrelationtothegoodnameofthefamily Ifanyoneofthefamilydidsomethingtocompromiseit everyoneelsewouldbehurt Theyhadastakeinoneanotherandinourselves Itthusforcedthechildrentobebetterthantheyotherwisemightbe Discussthefollowingquestions Whydidthewritersaythattoaskforcreditatthestorewasadamperonhisspirits Whydidthestoreownertrustthewriter Whatischildren sresponsibilityinrelationtothegoodnameoftheirfamily Howdidthefamilygoodnamehelpthewriterinlife 5 WhatpointdoesthewriterwanttomakeinthediscussionofthesocialproblemsintheU S A 6 Whatdoesthewriterhopetoprovewiththedescriptionofhisfather slastmonths Detailed readingquestions 1 Whydidthewritersaythattoaskforcreditatthestorewasadamperonhisspirits Asayoungmanofsixteen heneededrespect notcharity Askingforcreditatastoreisahumiliatingexperiencelikeaskingforfavorandpityfromtheownerofthestore Inaddition racismmadethesituationworse Blackyouthswerewatchedlikethievesinthestore 2 Whydidthestoreownertrustthewriter Thestoreowneragreedtoputhimoncreditwithouthesitation Hetrustedtheboy sfatherwhoalwayskepthiswordandneverfailedtopaybackthemoneyheowed 3 Whatischildren sresponsibilityinrelationtothegoodnameoftheirfamily Accordingtothewriter children whileenjoyingtheirfamily sgoodname havetheresponsibilitytomaintainit Compromisingitwouldhurtnotonlythetransgressor butalsothosetheyloveandthosewholovethem 4 Howdidthefamilygoodnamehelpthewriterinlife First thegoodnamemakeshimdecidetobecomeabetterpersonthanheotherwisemightbeandeventuallybecomeadecentcitizen Second thedesiretokeepthegoodnamepropelledhimtobethefirstinhisfamilytogotouniversity Finally thegoodnamegavehimtheinitiativetoestablishhimselfinthepublicrelationsbusiness 5 WhatpointdoesthewriterwanttomakeinthediscussionofthesocialproblemsintheU S A Thepointthewriterwantstomakeisthatmanyofthesocialproblemstodayresultfromthelackofasenseofprideinhavinggoodreputationandnosenseofshameforbadreputations Parentswhodon tcareaboutkeepingagoodreputationhavenosenseofshamewhentheyfailtosetgoodexamplesfortheirchildren norcantheyprovidechildrenwiththekindofsecurityandguidancetheyneed Consequently manyofthesechildrengrowupwithoutasenseofshameeither Theyworshipviolence whichisrespectfullyportrayedonTVandinmovies Asfamiliesdisintegrate communitiesfallapartandcrimesrise 6 Whatdoesthewriterhopetoprovewiththedescriptionofhisfather slastmonths Thewriterwantstoprovethatkeepingagoodreputationisrewardednotonlybyoutsiders esteem butalsobythetrustandconfidenceplacedinyoubythosewhoknowyoubest Textstructure I Para 1 10 Theauthornarratesanunforgettableexperiencetoleadinthetopicofgoodnameanditsimportance Para 1 3 Adamperonhisspirits Para 4 6 Thetrusttheygotfromthestoreowner Para 7 10 ThevalueofagoodnameforhislifeII Para 11 22 ThePowerofagoodnameandasenseofshame Para 11 16 LackofsenseofshameintheUSsocietySocialproblemsRisingcrimerateVanishingsignsofcivilityandrespect Para 17 22 ThepowerofagoodnameRewardbyoutsiders esteemPrideandtrustfromfamilymembers Beginningwithoneofhisownexperiences theauthordiscussesthepowerofhisfamily sgoodname Earningandmaintainingagoodnameneedtorestoreasenseofresponsibilityandshame which accordingtotheauthor pavethewaytoone ssuccessinlifeandcareer Mainidea ArmstrongWilliams bornFebruary5 1959 isanAfricanAmericanpoliticalcommentator authorofaconservativenewspapercolumn andhostofadailyradioshowandanationallysyndicatedTVprogram calledTheRightSidewithArmstrongWilliams From2004to2007 heco hostedadailyradioprogram Heiscalled oneofthemostrecognizableconservativevoicesinAmerica bytheWashingtonPost In2005itwasrevealedthatheacceptedmoneyfromtheGeorgeW BushadministrationtopromotetheNoChildLeftBehindActonhistelevisionandradioprogramswhichisregardedillegal pickup Alighttruckwithanopenbodyandlowsidesandatailboard敞篷小货车 Nothingbetterthan nothingbetterthansth doingsth moste g Inmychildhood Iwasinterestedinnothingbetterthanexperimentingwithmyconstructionmodels nothing morethanNothingismoreterriblethanignoranceinaction 最可怕的事情莫过于无知而行动 Nothingismorepreciousthanindependenceandfreedom 没有什么比独立和自由更宝贵的了 Nothingisagreatermisfortunethannotbeingabletobearmisfortune 经不起不幸是最大的不幸 behindthewheel or atthewheelOperatingthesteeringmechanismofavehicle driving Directingorcontrolling incharge damper damper aperson orthing orsituationthatgetspeopledown使人沮丧的人或物Onethatdeadens restrains ordepresses抑制因素 使人麻木 抑制或压抑的人adamperonmyspiritssomethingthatmakesmelowinspirits idm putadamperonsth infml cause anevent atmosphere etc tobelesscheerful excited etc makesth lessenjoyable successful使 事情 气氛等 受到抑制 减弱e g BoththekidswereillwhilewewereinBoston sothatratherputadamperonthings credit anarrangementfordeferredpaymentofaloanorpurchase赊欠askforcredit oncredit givecredite g Iboughtmystereooncredit 赊购Nocreditisgivenatthisshop i e Paymentmustbeincash 本店概不赊欠 Yourcreditlimitisnow 20000 Inthetext theboyhadtoaskthestoreownertolethimhavethegoodsnowbutpaylater sincehisfathergavehimnomoney Racism Racismisthebeliefthatinherentdifferenttraitsinhumanracialgroupsjustifydiscrimination InthemodernEnglishlanguage theterm racism isusedpredominantlyasapejorativeepithet Itisappliedespeciallytothepracticeoradvocacyofracialdiscriminationofaperniciousnature i e whichharmsparticulargroupsofpeople andwhichisoftenjustifiedbyrecoursetoracialstereotypingorpseudo science Racismispopularlyassociatedwithvariousactivitiesthatareillegalorcommonlyconsideredharmful suchasextremism hatred xenophobia malignantorforced exploitation separatism racialsupremacy massmurder forthepurposeofgenocide genocidedenial vigilantism hatecrimes terrorism etc Racism Modernusageoftenequates racism and racialdiscrimination anddefinesthelattertermonlyasapplyingtoperniciouspractices Arallyagainstschoolintegrationin1959 theuglyshadowofracismwasstillafactoflifeRacismstillexistsinsocialrealityeventhoughitisdiscardedaspoliticallyincorrect patronizing patronn asponsororbenefactor 赞助人 资助人e g apatronofthearts 艺术事业的赞助者patronizing disdainful condescending haughty神气十足的 傲慢的Ifsomeoneispatronizing hespeakorbehavetowardyouinawaythatseemsfriendly butthatshowstheythinktheyaresuperiortoyou e g Thetoneoftheinterviewerwasunnecessarilypatronizing goodforit acolloquialismmeaningbeingtrustworthy Thestoreowneraskedwhethertheboy sfatherwastrustworthyandhadtheabilitytopayhim begoodfore g Bennyisalwaysgoodforalaugh Theticketisgoodforthreemonths Mycarisgoodforanotherfiveyears weathered worn stained orwarpedbyorasifbyexposuretoweather seasoned 受风雨侵蚀的 饱经风霜的e g ahouseofweatheredshingles 受到风雨侵蚀的房子weatheredman theman sfacewaswrinkledbyconstantexposuretotheweatherweather beatenfaceofanoldsailor一个老水手的饱经风霜的脸 cynical adj expressingorexhibitingscornandbittermockery挑剔挖苦的 冷嘲热讽的cynicallaughter冷笑amused cynicallook调侃 讥讽的眼神 bestow bestowacapitalofgoodwillofimmensevalue agoodnamegivesoneagreatdealofgoodwillofgreatvalue committedto Ifyoucommityourselftosomething yousaythatyouwilldefinitelydoit Ifyoucommityourselftosomeone youdecidethatyouwanttohavealong termrelationshipwithhim e g 1 IwouldadvisepeopletothinkverycarefullyaboutcommitingthemselvestoworkingSundays 2 I dlikeafriendshipthatleadtosomethingdeeper butIwouldn twanttocommitmyselftoosoon disintegrate fallapart分裂 瓦解ifsomethingdisintegrates itbecomesseriouslyweakened andisdividedordestroyed n disintegratione g TheviolentdisintegrationofYugoslavia staggering verysurprisinge g astaggeringachievement transgress vi 越界 侵越 犯法 规 犯罪 Youtransgressedagainstthelaw transgressorn 犯法者 Stake money etcinvestedbysbinanenterprisesothathehasaninterestorshareinit投资 投放的本钱 haveastakeinacompany在一家公司有股份Shehasastakeinthefuturesuccessofthebusiness 她在这项生意上投了资以期将来获利 hadastakeinoneanother andinourselves Iandmysiblings shareastronginterestineachother swell being Becauseweknewwehadtheresponsibilitytokeepourfamily sgood