人教版八年级上册unit9-10知识点总结

Unit 9一、短语on Saturday afternoon在周六下午（具体某天的早、中、下午、晚上用介词on） prepare for为做准备= study for. come to the party来参加聚会go to the/a doctor去看医生 have the flu患感冒 help my parents帮助我的父母（help sb do sth/ help out with sth） another time其他时间 last fall去年秋天 go to the party去聚会 hang out常去某处；泡在某处 the day after tomorrow后天 the day before yesterday前天have a piano lesson上钢琴课 look after照看；照顾= take care of accept an invitaton接受邀请 refuse=turn down an invitation拒绝邀请 take a trip去旅行 at the end of this month这个月末by the end of.到.为止 see sb do sth/ see sb doing sth看见做了、正在做look forward to doing盼望；期待 the opening of的开幕式/落成典礼 reply in writing书面回复 go to the concert去听音乐会 notuntil直到才 meet my friend会见我的朋友 visit grandparents拜访祖父母 study for a test为考试学习have to不得不 too much homework太多作业 do homework做家庭作业 go to the movies去看电影 after school放学后 on the weekend在周末 go bike riding 骑自行车 thank you /thanks for doing感谢做.二、语法1.another,other,the other,others与the othersl another指不定数目中的“另一个；又一个”，用来代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：Would you like another cup of tea?你想再来一杯茶吗？l other意为“另外的；其他的”，修饰复数名词。如：We study Chinese,math,English and other lessons.我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他学科。l the other通常指两个中的“另一个”。one.the other.如：She has two daughters.One is a teacher,the other is a doctor.她有两个女儿。一个是教师，另一个是医生。l others泛指“另外的人或物”。the others特指某范围内“其余全部的人或物”。2.by by+交通工具，乘坐. by 在.之前 by Friday3.感叹句句型 1 What + a / an +adj.+可数名词单数+主语+谓语+其他成分！ 2 What +adj.+可数名词复数/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！ 3 How + adj.+ a / an +名词+主语+谓语+其他成分！4 How + adj./adv.+ 主语+谓语+其他成分！ 4.情态动词can 的用法小结1)表示能力can 与be able to 的区别 1. be able to 能用于各种时态。 2. can / could 只能表示现在或过去的能力。2)can/could 表示许可/允诺Can you come to my party?肯定回答：Sure, Id love to. 否定回答：Im sorry I cant./ Id love to but.3)can指可能性He cant be at home. He has gone to Beijing.与must may , might, could /Should, ought to的区别1.should, ought to:按理应当, 很可能2.must：表示肯定的猜测3.may /might：表示可能的猜测4.can/could：表示否定或疑问的猜测must与have to的用法区别1)两词都是必须的意思，have to表示客观的需要，must表示说话人主观上的看法，既主观上的必要。2)have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。但must可用于间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。3）在否定结构中：dont have to表示不必mustnt表示禁止，5.询问星期、日期、时间等Whatdayisittoday/tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow?（询问星期）ItisWednesday.Whatisthedatetoday/tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow?（询问日期）ItisNov.2nd.Whats/istoday?（询问日期和星期）ItisWednesdayNov.2nd.Whatthetime?/Whattimeisit?（询问时间）Itis8:00.周一到周天：Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday一月到十二月：January, February, March, April, June, July, August, September, October, November, December序数词：first 1st, second 2nd, third 3rd, forth 4th6.发出邀请：Canyoucometomyparty?/Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?接受邀请:Sure/Certainly/Ofcourse,Idlove/liketo.Yes,Idlove/liketo.Sure.Thatsoundsgreat.拒绝邀请:Imsorry,Icant.Ihaveto/mustSorry,Idloveto.ButIhaveto Imafraidnot.Ihaveto/must拓展：向别人发出邀请、请求、建议或征求某人的意见的其他表达法：Will/Would/Couldyoupleas+dosth?请你、好吗？Shallwe+dosth?我们、好吗？Lets+dosth.让我们、吧！Whynot+dosth?为什么不、呢？What/Howabout+doing?、怎么样？7. 形容词以-ed结尾的形容人，以-ing结尾的形容物例如：surprise 名词，吃惊的 surprised 形容词，惊讶的 surprising形容词，使人惊讶的To ones surprise 让.吃惊的是 have a surprise party举办一场惊奇的派对8. so that 为的是，因此 so.that.如此.以致于. She is so young that she cant go to school. too.to.太.而不能. She is too young to go to school. not.enough to 不足够. She is not old enough to go to school. (enough+名词，足够多的. enough money 足够多的钱 形容词+enough，足够. careful enough足够仔细)9. 不定式简化宾语从句I dont know what to do/ how to do it.Can you tell me how to plant a tree? = Can you tell me how I can plant a tree?10. until not.until until 直到. He finished doing his homework until 11 oclock.not.until 直到.才 He didnt go to the bed until his father came back.Unit101、 短语go to the party去参加聚 have a great/good time=have fun=enjoy oneself玩得开心stay at home待在家里 take the bus乘公共汽车tomorrow night明天晚上 have a class party进行班级聚会have a class meeting开班会 half the class一半的同学make some food做些食物 at the party在聚会上order food from从.订购食物 be angry with/at sb.生某人的气give sb. some advice给某人提一些建议 travel around the world=all over the world环游世界make（a lot of）money赚（许多）钱 .get an education得到教育 get a good educationa soccer player一名足球运动员 keepto oneself保守秘密talk with sb.与某人交谈 in the future在将来be angry at/about sth.因某事生气 solve a problem解决问题 answer the question 回答问题run away from逃避；逃跑 in half分成两半二、重点短语1.ask sb(not) to do sth.要求某人(不)做某事 2.give sb. sth.给某人某物 = give sth to sb 3.tell sb (not) to do sth.告诉某人(不)做某事 4.tooto do sth.太而不能做某事5.be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事 be afraid of doing sth 6.advise sb(not) to do sth.劝告某人(不)做某事 advise是动词，建议 advice是名词，并且是不可数名词 some advice 7.Its best (not) to do sth.最好（不）做某事 8.need to do sth.需要做某事9.share sth. with sb.与某人分享某事10.be upset about/ that.对.感到难过三、语法1、Ithink Ill wear jeans to the party.我想我将穿牛仔裤去参加聚会。I think 意为“我认为”,当主语是第一人称（I或We）,think表示“看法”时，其后若接否定意义的宾语从句，要否定在主句上，即I/We dont think +肯定形式的宾语从句。2、The students are talking about when to have a class party.学生们正在谈论什么时候举办班级聚会。When to have a class party 是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。“疑问词+动词不定式”结构可与主从复合句进行同义句转换。3、lets order food from a restaurant. 咱们从饭店订购食物吧。order 及物动词，意为“订购；订货；点菜；命令”。用法如下： order sth. from +地点 从某地订购某物 order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事5、If people have problems,they should keep them to themselves.如果人们有问题，他们应该保守秘密。keep to oneself 意为“保守秘密”The teenagers like to keep their problems to themselves.孩子们喜欢就他们的问题保守秘密。6、She was afraid to tell her parents about it.她害怕把这件事告诉她的父母。Be afraid to do sth.意为害怕做某事I am afraid to speak in class. 我害怕在班上发言。 be afraid of sth./sb. 害怕某物/某人My sister is afraid of dogs.我妹妹害怕狗。 Im afraid +从句 我恐怕Im afraid I cant help you.我恐怕不能帮你。词语辩析：be afraid to do sth.与be afraid of doing sth.be afraid to do sth.因害怕而不敢做某事be afraid of doing sth.担心或害怕出现某种后果语法（grammar）1、if “如果；假如”，用于引导条件状语从句。if 引导的条件状语从句表示条件。含有if