第二届术语竞赛第一轮题库.doc

Economics 西方经济学Adverse selection逆向选择Average fixed cost平均固定成本Average revenue平均收益 Average tax rate平均税率 Average total cost平均总成本 Average variable cost平均可变成本 arc elasticity 弧弹性 asymmetric information 非对称性信息 Budget constraint预算约束 Budget deficit预算赤字 Budget surplus预算盈余 Business cycle经济周期 Cartel卡特尔Competitive market竞争性市场 Constant returns to scale规模报酬不变 Consumer surplus消费者剩余 Cross-price elasticity of demand需求的交叉价格弹性capital stock 资本存量cardinal utility theory 基数效用论ceteris puribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化 CobbDouglas production function 柯布-道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensation principles 补偿原则 competitive market 竞争性市场complete information 完全信息condition for efficiency in exchange 交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production 生产的最优条件constant cost industry 成本不变产业consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer preference 消费者偏好consumption combination 消费组合cost function 成本函数 Cournot equilihrium 古诺均衡 Cournot model 古诺模型Deadweight loss无谓损失 Demand curve需求曲线 Diminishing marginal product边际产品递减 Diseconomies of scale规模不经济Dominant strategy占优策略 decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业 decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格derive demand 派生需求diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减disequilibrium 非均衡 durable goods 耐用品 dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型Economic profit经济利润 Economies of scale规模经济 Efficiency效率 Efficient scale有效规模 Elasticity弹性 Equilibrium均衡 Equilibrium price均衡价格 Equilibrium quantity均衡数量 Excludability排他性 Explicit costs显性成本 Externality外部性 Economic agents 经济行为者economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic region of production 生产的经济区域economic rent 经济租金 exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线endogenous variable 内生变量Engel curve 恩格尔曲线excess supply 过度供给exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线exogenous variables 外生变量external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济Factors of production生产要素 Fixed casts固定成本 Free rider免费搭车者 factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factor supply 要素供给final goods 最终产品first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视 fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数free entry 自由进入free mobility of resources 资源自由流动future value 未来值Game theory博弈论 Giffen good吉芬商品 general equilibrium 总体均衡Gross domestice product国内生产总值Gross national product 国民生产总值general goods 一般商品Giffens Paradox 吉芬之谜 Gini coefficient 吉尼系数 government regulation 政府调控human capital 人力资本Implicit costs隐性成本 Income effect收入效应 Income elasticity of demand需求的收入弹性 Indifference curve无差异曲线 Inflation通货膨胀 income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增induced variable 引致变量inelastic 缺乏弹性的information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件inputoutput 投入产出interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品invisible hand 看不见的手kindeddemand curve 弯折的需求曲线Law of demand需求定理 Law of supply and demand需求与供给定理 Life cycle生命周期 labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of technical substitution 边际技术替代率leaderfollower model 领导者-跟随者模型linear demand function 线性需求函数long run长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run marginal cost 长期边际成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线Marginal changes边际变动 Marginal cost边际成本 Marginal product边际产量 Marginal product of labor劳动的边际产品 Marginal rate of substitution边际替代率 Marginal revenue边际收益 Market economy市场经济 Market failure市场失灵 Market power市场势力 Microeconomics微观经济学 Monopolistic competition垄断竞争 Monopoly垄断 marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of 1abour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market clearance 市场出清market demand 市场需求market equilibrium 市场均衡market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额minimum wage 最低工资monopoly pricing 垄断定价Moral hazard道德风险 Nash equilibrium纳什均衡 Natural monopoly自然垄断 Normal good正常商品 Normative statements规范性表述 Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡Natural monopoly 自然垄断Natural resources 自然资源Necessary condition 必要条件normal profit 正常利润Oligopoly寡头 Opportunity cost机会成本 oligopoly market 寡头市场Perfect complements完全互补品 Perfect substitutes完全替代品Permanent income持久性收入 Phillips curve菲利普斯曲线 Positive statements实证表述 Price ceiling 限制价格 Price discrimination价格歧视 Price elasticity of demand需求的价格弹性 Price elasticity supply供给的价格弹性 Prisoners dilemma囚徒困境 Producer surplus生产者剩余 Production function生产函数 Production possibilities frontier生产可能性曲线 Proportional tax比例税 Public goods公共产品 Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfectly elastic 完全有弹性的perfectly inelastic 完全无弹性的point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学preference 偏好present value 现值price consumption curve 价格费曲线price rigidity 价格刚性price taker 价格接受者principalagent issues 委托-代理问题private goods 私人用品 profit maximization 利润极大化property rights 产权public choice 公共选择Quantity demanded需求数量 Quantity supplied供给数量 rate of product transformation 产品转换率rent seeking 寻租resource allocation 资源配置returns to scale 规模报酬Scarcity稀缺性 Shortage短缺 Substitutes替代品 Substitution effect替代效应 Supply curve供给曲线 Supply schedule供给表 seconddegree price discrimination 二级价格歧视 shortrun 短期 shortrun cost curve 短期成本曲线 shortrun equilibrium 短期均衡 shortrun supply curve 短期供给曲线 social cost 社会成本 social welfare function 社会福利函数 static analysis 静态分析supply curve 供给曲线supply function 供给函数symmetry of information 信息对称 Total revenue (for a firm)总收益 Total revenue (in a market)总收益 Tragedy of the Commons公共地的悲剧Transaction costs交易成本 thirddegree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本unit elasticity 单位弹性utility function 效用函数utility maximization 效用极大化Value of the marginal product边际产品价值 Welfare economics福利经济学 Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形International law 国际商法1.Terms translation.Acceptance with Modifications（对邀约做出修改、变更的承诺）Acceptance（承诺/受盘）Act of the Parties （当事人的行为）Administrative Management （经营管理）Alternative Dispute Resolution （ADR解决方式）Anticipatory Breach in Common Law （普通法上预期违约）Antidumping Authority（反倾销机构）Applicability of the CISG(CISG的适用范围) Applying for a Letter of Credit（信用证的申请）Approval of Foreign Investment Applications（外国投资申请的批准）Arbitration Agreement and Arbitration Clauses （仲裁协议和合同中的仲裁条款）Arbitration Tribunals（仲裁机构）Artistic Property Agreements（保护文学艺术作品的协定）Artistic Property Agreements（文学艺术品产权协定）Assignment（合同权利转让）Attorney-General（法律总顾问）Automatic Dissolution （自动散伙）Average Clauses（海损条款）Avoidance（解除）Bases of Income Taxation（所得税的征税依据/基础）Battle of the Forms（形式上的分歧冲突）Branch Banking（银行的分支机构）Business Form and Registered Capital （企业形式和注册资本）Business Forms（商业组织形式）Buyers Remedies（买方可以采取的救济措施）Carriers Immunities（承运人责任/义务的豁免）ChinasFundamental Policies for Encouraging Foreign Investments （中国大陆鼓励外国投资的基本政策）Choosing the Governing Law（准据法的选择）Civil Law (民法法系)Commercial Arbitration （国际商事仲裁）Common Enterprise Liability（企业的一般责任）Common Law (普通法系) Common Procedures in Handling Bills of Exchange （汇票处理的一般程序）Common Stock （股票）Company Taxpayers（公司/法人企业纳税人）Comparison of Municipal Legal Systems(内国法系的比较研究) Compulsory Licenses（强制许可）Conformity of Goods（与合同约定相符合的货物）Consideration in Common Law（英美法上的对价） Contemporary International Trade Law（当代国际贸易法）Contract Law for the International Sale of Goods（国际货物销售合同法）Contract Liability of the Agent （代理人的合同义务）Contract Liability of the Principal （委托人的合同义务）Contractual Issues Excluded from the Coverage of CISG（排除在CISG适用范围之外的合同问题）Copyrights （著作权/版权）Creation of Agency （代理创立）Creditors of Partners（合伙人的债权人）Custom（习惯）Debt Securities （债券）Definite Sum of Money or Monetary Unit of Account（确定货币的总额或者计价的货币单位）Denial of Justice（司法不公）Direct Effect（直接效力）Directors and Officers Duties to the Corporation（董事和经理/首席执行官对公司的义务）Dispute Settlement（争端的解决）Dissolution by Agreement（协议解散）Dissolution by Court Order （依法院令状散伙）Dissolution of the Partnership （散伙）Distribution of Earnings and Recovery of Investments（收入分配和投资回收）Distribution to Shareholders （红利分配权）Doctrine of Imputability (归责原则)Documentary Formalities（文本格式要求）Double Taxation Provision（双重征税的规定）Double Taxation（双重征税）Duress （胁迫行为）Duties of Agent and Principal （代理人和委托人的义务）Duties of Agent to Principal （委托人的义务）Duties of Principal to Agent （代理人的义务）Duty of Care in Partnership Business（对合伙事务尽心看护义务）Duty of Loyalty and Good Faith （忠诚和诚信义务）Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards in the Peoples Republic of China （在中华人民共和国境内外国仲裁裁决的执行）Enforcement of Foreign Judgment （外国法院判决的执行）Enforcement of Partnership Rights and Liabilities（执行合伙事务的权利和责任）中Escape Clause（免责条款）European Union Law on Trade in Services（欧洲联盟关于服务贸易的法律）Exceptio non Adimpleti Contractus in Civil Law （大陆法上履行契约之抗辩权）Exceptions（例外）Exclusive Licenses（独占许可）Excuses for Non-performance （不履行的免责）Excuses for Nonperformance（不履行合同的抗辩/借口）Expropriation（征收）Failure to Exhaust remedies（没有用尽法律救济）Fault and Causation（过错和因果关系）Finance of International Trade(国际贸易的结算/支付) Force Majeure Clauses （不可抗力条款）Foreign Investment Guarantees（外国投资的担保）Foreign Investment Laws and Codes（外国投资法）Formal and Informal Application Process（正式和非正式申请程序）Formation of the Contract（合同的成立）Fraudulent Misrepresentation（受欺诈的误解）Fundamental Breach（根本违约）General Requirements and Rights of the Holder in Due Course（票据持有人的一般要求和权利）General Standards of Performance（履行的一般标准）Geographic Limitations（地区限制）Government Controls over Trade (政府对贸易的管制) Government Guarantees（政府担保）Governmental Interest（政府利益原则）Home state Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（本国对跨国企业的管理）Host State Regulation of Multinational Enterprises（东道国对跨国企业的管理）Illegality and Incompetency（行为不合法性与主体不适当资格的认定）Industrial Property Agreements （保护工业产权的协定）Inquiry（调查）Insider Trading Regulations（内幕交易规则）Insurance Cover （保险范围）Integration of Company and Personal Income Taxes（公司和个人所得税的征收）Intellectual Property Right Law （知识产权法）International Center for the Settlement of Investment Disputes （解决投资争端国际中心）International Commercial Dispute Settlement （国际商事争端的解决）International Court of Justice （海牙联合国国际法院）International Franchising(国际特许经营权) International Model Law(国际示范法)International Organizations(国际组织)International Persons（国际法主体）International Rules for the Interpretation of Trade Terms(国际贸易术语解释通则)International Trade Customs and Usages(国际贸易惯例和习惯)International Treaties and Conventions(国际条约和公约)International Tribunals （国际法庭）Interpreting of the CISG (CISG的解释) Invitation Offer （要约邀请要约引诱询盘） Involuntary Dissolution （非自愿解散）Issuance of Securities（证券发行）Jurisdiction and Venue （管辖权和法院地）Jurisdiction in Civil Cases（民事案件的管辖权）Jurisdiction in Criminal Cases（刑事案件的管辖权）Know-how （技术秘密/专有技术）Lack of Genuine Link（缺乏真实的联系）Lack of Nationality（无国籍）Law Applicable to Letters of Credit （调整信用证的法律）Law of Foreign Investment Enterprises of China （中国的外商投资企业法）Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合作企业法） Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Chinese Foreign Equity Joint Ventures（中华人民共和国中外合资企业法） Law of the Peoples Republic of China on Foreign Capital Enterprises（中华人民共和国外资企业法）Legal Characteristics （定义和法律特征）中Legal Structure of the WTO （世界贸易组织的法律框架）Legal System of International Business(国际商事的法律体系)Liabilities of Makers, Drawers, Drawees, Endorsers and Accommodation Parties（票据制作人、出票人、付款人、背书人、代发人/担保人的责任）Liability for Environmental Damage（环境损害责任）Liability Limits（承运人责任/义务的限制）Licensing Regulations（许可证制度）Limitations on Foreign Equity（外国投资的资金比例限制）Liquidated Damages （约定的损害赔偿金）Liquidation （清算）Maritime Liens （留置权）Means of Delivery（根据交付方式）Mediation（调停/调解）Membership（成员）Methods of Investment Contribution（出资方式）Misrepresentation（误解） Most Significant Relationship（最密切联系原则）Most-favored-nation Treatment （最惠国待遇原则）Multilateral Trade Agreements（多边贸易协定）Multilateral Trade Negotiations （多边贸易谈判）Multinational Enterprise（跨国企业）Municipal Legal Systems（内国法系）International trade 国际贸易学International Trade 国际贸易 Foreign Trade 对外贸易General Trade System 总贸易体系或一般贸易体系 Special Trade 专门贸易体系 Value of Foreign Trade 对外贸易额又称对外贸易值Quantum of Foreign Trade对外贸易量Balance of Trade 贸易差额trade surplus / favorable trade balance贸易顺差trade deficit / unfavorable trade balance贸易逆差net exports净出口net imports净进口Direct Trade 直接贸易Entreport Trade 转口贸易Transit Trade 过境贸易Service Trade 服务贸易Standard International Trade Classification 联合国国际贸易标准分类Degree of dependence upon foreign trade 对外贸易依存度Direction of Foreign Trade 对外贸易地理方向 International Trade by Region 国际贸易地理方向 Composition of Foreign Merchandise Trade 对外货物贸易结构 Composition of International Merchandise Trade 国际贸易货物结构 Mercantilism 重商主义Absolute advantage 绝对优势Comparative advantage 比较优势Gain from distribution 分工所得Gain from exchange 交换所得Price Effect 价格效应Income Effect 收入效应Theory of reciprocal demand 相互需求理论supply curve 供给曲线The relative price 相对价格Term of Trade /TOT 贸易条件Factor endowment 要素禀赋Factor intensity 要素密集度Factor abundance 要素丰裕度abundant factors 充裕要素scarce factors 稀缺要素 labor-abundant 劳动力充裕 labor-intensive product 劳动力密集型产品Capital intensive product 资本密集型产品factor inputsproportions 要素投入比例 export-oriented sector 出口导向行业 import-competing sector 进口竞争行业 The Stolper-Samuelson theorem 斯托尔珀-萨缪尔森定理The factor-price equalization theorem要素价格均等化定理The Specialized-Factor Pattern特定要素模型The Leontief paradox 里昂惕夫悖论Human capital 人力资本Factor intensity reversal 要素密集型逆转Scale economies 规模经济Increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增Internal scale economies内部规模经济External scale economies外部规模经济Intra-industry trade产业内贸易Index of intra-industrial trade, ITT 产业内贸易指数Technological gap 技术差距Product life cycle theory 产品生命周期理论Overlapping demand theory 重叠需求理论Preference similarity theory 偏好相似理论Engel law 恩格尔定律Immiserizing growth 贫困化增长Dutch disease 荷兰病Counter-vailing duties 反补贴税Inter-industry trade 产业间贸易Technology diffuses 技术扩散Clustering of some industries产业集群Balanced growth平衡型增长Immiserizing growth贫困化增长Specific tariff 从量税Ad valorem tariff从价税compound duty (tariff) 复合税Prederential duties 特惠税Origin criterion 原产地标准Redistribution of income effect 收入再分配效应Technical barriers to trade ，TBT，技术性贸易壁垒nontariff barriers（非关税壁垒）Import quotas进口配合Export restraints出口限制Customs valuation 海关估价The terms of trade贸易条件non-tariff barriers非关税壁垒discriminatory product standards歧视性产品标准import licenses 进口许可证A voluntary export restraint (VER)自愿出口限制 Externalities 外部性spillover effects 挤出效应government subsidy 政府补贴Free trade area 自由贸易区Custom union 关税同盟Complete economic integration 完全经济一体化Common market 共同市场North-American free trade area, 北美自由贸易区Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织Trade creation 贸易创造Trade diversion 贸易转移General agreement on trariffs and trade, GATT 关贸总协定Most-favored-nation treatment 最惠国待遇原则National treatment 国民待遇原则distortions 扭曲The infant industry argument 幼稚产业理论the optimal tariff argument 最优关税理论Increasing marginal costs 边际成本递增International Trade Practices国际贸易实务1. Terms translation.Acceptance letter of credit 承兑信用证Accepting bank 承兑银行Accommodation note 通融票据，欠单Account party 开证申请人Accounts payable应付账款Accounts receivable应收账款Acquisition收购Act of God 不可抗力Advising bank 通知银行After sight 见票后Agent bank 代理银行Air waybill 空运单，货运提单Antidumping duties 反倾销关税Applicant 开证申请人All risks 一切险At sight 即期，见票即付Additional risks coverage 附加险Avoidance of contract 撤销合同Back order 延期交货Balance of trade 贸易平衡，贸易差额Bank draft 银行汇票Bank guarantee 银行担保Bank note 银行本票