赠送视频阅读理解20篇讲义.doc

考博英语阅读理解精粹100篇附赠20篇视频课程讲义第1篇Telecommuting substituting the computer for the trip to the job has been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work. For workers it promises freedom from the office, less time wasted in traffic, and help with child-care conflicts. For management, telecommuting helps keep high performers on board, minimizes lateness and absenteeism by eliminating commuters, allows periods of solitude for high-concentration tasks, and provides scheduling flexibility. In some areas, such as Southern California and Seattle, Washington, local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour traffic and improve air quality.But these benefits do not come easily. Making a telecommuting program work requires careful planning and an understanding of the differences between telecommuting realities and popular images. Many workers are seduced by rosy illusions of life as a telecommuter. A computer programmer from New York City moves to the quiet Adirondack Mountains and stays in contact with her office via computer. A manager comes in to his office three days a week and works at home the other two. An accountant stays home to care for her sick child she hooks up her telephone modern connections and does office work between calls to the doctor.These are powerful images, but they are a limited reflection of reality. Telecommuting workers soon learn that it is almost impossible to concentrate on work and care for a young child at the same time. Before a certain age, young children cannot recognize much less respect, the necessary boundaries between work and family. Additional child support is necessary if the parent is to get any work done. Management, too, must separate the myth from the reality. Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting, in most cases it is the employees situation, not the availability of technology, that precipitates a telecommuting arrangement.That is partly why, despite the widespread press coverage, the number of companies with work-at-home programs of policy guidelines remains small.1. What is the main subject of the passage?A. Business management policies.B. Driving to work.C. Extending the workplace by means of computers.D. Computers for child-care purposes.2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a problem for employers that is potentially solved by telecommuting?A. Employees lateness for work.B. Employees absence from work.C. Employees need for time alone to work intensively.D. Employees conflicts with second jobs.3. Which of the following does the author mention as a possible disadvantage of telecommuting?A. Small children cannot understand the boundaries of work and play.B. Computer technology is never advanced enough to accommodate the needs of every situation.C. Electrical malfunctions can destroy a project.D. The worker often does not have all the needed resources at home.4. Which of the following is an example of telecommuting as described in the passage?A. A scientist in a laboratory developing plans for a space station.B. A technical writer sending via computer documents created at home.C. A computer technician repairing an office computer network.D. A teacher directing computer-assisted learning in a private school.长难句剖析【文章难句】Telecommutingsubstituting the computer for the trip to the jobhas been hailed as a solution to all kinds of problems related to office work.【结构分析】本句中，主干是“Telecommuting.has been hailed as a solution.”。破折号中间的部分“substituting the computer for the trip to the job”是一个动名词结构，做telecommuting的同位语。“to.work”是个介宾短语修饰a solution，“related to.work”是problems的后置定语。 【参考译文】远程办公用电脑代替上班已经被誉为一种能解决所有办公室有关问题的方法。【文章难句】In some areas，such as Southern California and Seattle，Washington，local governments are encouraging companies to start telecommuting programs in order to reduce rush-hour traffic and improve air quality.【结构分析】本句中，主干是“local governments are encouraging companies to.”。“in some areas，such as.”做地点状语，“to start.”做companies的补足语成分。“in order to.quality是主句的目的状语。【参考译文】在有些地区，像南加州、西雅图、华盛顿，为了缓和高峰期的交通，改善空气质量，地方政府正在鼓励公司开展远程办公项目。【文章难句】Although the media has paid a great deal of attention to telecommuting，in most cases it is the employees situation，not the availability of technology，that precipitates (加速来临)a telecommuting arrangement.【结构分析】本句是一个主从复合句，主句“it is.that.”是一个强调句。在这个强调句中被强调的成分是主语“employees situation.”。从句是由although引导的让步状语从句。【参考译文】虽然媒体非常关注远程办公，但在大多数情况下正是员工们的处境，而不是技术的可用性加速远程办公安排的来临。题目答案1.【答案】C2.【答案】D3.【答案】A4.【答案】B第二篇In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader than this it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them. The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection.” But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes, “The old protectionismcoexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism. Indeed, protectionists as well as (if not more than) free traders stood for laissez faire. Now, as in the 1930s, protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.”It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of various colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result.The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Europe. In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy.The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe. Social security, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are by now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.1. This passage is primarily concerned with discussing .A. the definition of the new protectionismB. the difference between new and old protectionismC. the emergence of the new protectionism in the Western worldD. the significance of the welfare state2. Which of the following statements is NOT a characteristic of a welfare state mentioned in this passage?A. Free education is available to a child. B. Laws are made to fix the minimum wage.C. A jobless person can be insured. D. There are regulations for rent.3. Which of the following inferences is true, according to this passage?A. The economy developed faster in welfare states than in non-welfare states.B. In the 1930s, protectionism began to rise.C. The new protectionism is so called mainly because it is the latest.D. Government plays a more active role in economic life in Northern Europe than in Great Britain.4. The passage supplies information for answering which of the following questions?A. When did the new protectionism arise?B. Why is the new protectionism so popular in northern European countries?C. Does the American government play a more active role in economic life than the British government?D. Why does the government intervene in economic life?长难句剖析【文章难句】But what is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations.【结构分析】本句中，主语是一个典型的主系表结构，what引导的名词性从句作主语。表语是realization；that引导的从句是realization的同位语成分。【参考译文】但是意识到所有的政府行为都能影响国际经济关系却是最近的事情。【文章难句】The old protectionism.coexisted，without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptance of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanism.【结构分析】本句中，主干是“The old protectionism coexisted，with the acceptance”。谓语动词的方式状语是“Withoutdifficulty”，as a national as well asmechanism是作为market的补足语成分。【参考译文】古老的经济保护主义同国内国际经济都是以市场作为配置方式的做法看似合理地并存着，它接受这种配置方式并不费力。【文章难句】 Now，as in the 1930s，protectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies satisfaction.【结构分析】本句的一开始是时间状语部分，主干是“protectionism is an expression”，后面的as tosatisfaction短语是句子的条件状语。【参考译文】现在跟30年代一样，保护主义表达了一种深刻的怀疑，它怀疑市场的资源配置和收入分配能力是否能获得社会的认同。题目答案1.【答案】A2.【答案】A3.【答案】D4.【答案】D第三篇It has been argued that where schools become bureaucratized, they become bound up with the techniques and implementation of the managerial process, and may concentrate on concern with position and self-advancement. In so doing, they may neglect the purpose for which they were set up.Thus, they do not facilitate the development of those who are part of the school community, and tend to neglect the desires of children, parents and society at large.It is because of such criticisms that there has been an increasing influence in political rhetoric and legislation of free-market theories of organization and society. Such theories suggest that a much more market-oriented, competitive approach is required so that schools reorient themselves towards their “clients”. By so doing, it is claimed, not only do they once again address the needs of those with whom they should be primarily concerned, but such an approach also unleashes the benefits of individual responsibility, freedom of choice, and reward.Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory, and this must raise the question of whether it can be viably transferred to an educational context. Indeed, if by “educational” we mean the development of all within the school community, then free-market theory may miss the mark by concentrating on only one section, “the consumers”. If teachers are seen as part of this community, then their development is just as important.If bureaucratic forms of management face the problem of explaining how their values can be objective when they are in fact the product of a particular value orientation, the forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism. In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.1. According to the author, criticism of schools arises from .A. concerns that schools deliberately neglect studentsB. the high cost of education due to bureaucracyC. a perception of them as self-serving and bureaucraticD. a misunderstanding of schools officials2. The “school community” (Line 4 Para. 4) the author refers to would probably include .A. studentsB. students and parentsC. students, parents and teachers D. teachers and students3. The transfer of free market ideas to the schools may fail because .A. schools have no real clientsB. they concentrate only on the consumer and do not include teachersC. schools are totally different from the free marketD. they have no solid purpose in their aims4. According to the text, criticism of free market solutions in education arise from the fact that .A. they do not explain why their set of values are better than othersB. their values are too subjectiveC. their values are too different from those within an educational contextD. the educational context is not a free market5. The “charge of relativism” mentioned in the last paragraph is meant to show .A. the values are too narrow-mindedB. the values are not specific enoughC. the values are too self-servingD. the values are not strongly held长难句剖析【文章难句】Though much of this sounds attractive, it has its roots as much in an economic body of thought as in social and political theory.【结构分析】本句为主从复合句，主干是it has its roots as much. as。though引导让步状语从句，主句为同级比较句型。this指代上一段的观点。as much A as B表示同等程度，可以理解为“不仅B而且A”。【参考译文】尽管这种理论听起来很有吸引力，但是其根源不仅在于社会政治理论，而且在于经济思想体系。【文章难句】The forms of management derived from free-market theories, suggesting an openness to the adoption of different sets of values, are subject to the charge of relativism.【结构分析】本句为简单句。主干是The forms of managementare subject to the charge of relativism。derived和suggesting为两个分词短语，修饰主语the forms of management。【参考译文】这一源自于自由市场理论、并采用各种不同价值体系的管理形式往往会被人指责为相对主义。【文章难句】In other words, free-market theories, granted that they are arguing that individuals should be allowed to pursue their own ends, must explain why any set of values, including their own, is preferable to another.【结构分析】本句为主从复合句，主干是free-market theoriesmust explain why, why引导宾语从句，that引导让步状语从句，在句中作插入语，表示补充说明，意为“即使”。【参考译文】换言之，即便自由市场理论认为个人应被允许追求自己的目标，也必须要解释清楚为什么包括自己在内的任意一个价值体系会比其它的好。题目答案1.【答案】C2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】A5.【答案】C第四篇Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click, according to a new report.The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as “fair information practices. ”The group found that none of the 100 sites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection, which include giving notice of what information is collected and how it is used, offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways, allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected, and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information wont fall into the wrong hands.“This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list,” said Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Media Education, which also worked on the survey.The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules, but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection. The movement, like the online shopping industry, favors self-regulation over imposition of further movement restrictions on electronic commerce.Marc Rosenberg, executive director of the privacy group, said the study shows that self regulations have failed, “We need legislation to enforce fair information pretences,” he said. “Consumers are at greeter risk than they were in 1997,” when the group released its first report.The survey also asked whether the 100 sites used “profile-based. advertising, and whether the sites incorporate “cookies” technology, which gives Websites basic information on visitors. Profiling is the practice of gathering in then used to create targeted advertising on Websites.All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy, a major improvement over the early days of electronic commerce, when such policies were scarce. But that did not satisfy the privacy group. “Companies are posting privacy policies, but these policies are not the same thing as fair information practices,” Rosenberg said.The sites also did not perform well by other measures, the group said it found that 35 of the sites feature profile-based advertising, and 87 percent use cookies. The group concluded that the phonies that were posted “are typically confusing, incomplete, and inconsistent”, The report, “Surfer Beware III: Privacy Policies Without Privacy Protection,” is the third such survey by the group. It called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity when exploring the internet.1. What does the sentence “This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list” mean?A. The study shows that someone else would buy consumers a gift for ChristmasB. The study shows that consumers privacy is being invaded.C. The study shows that companies want to make a Christmas list for children.D. The study shows that Santa would not bring the Christmas gifts this year.2. Which of the following is not in the list of the basic criteria of privacy protection mentioned in paragraph 3?A. Give notice of what information is collected and how it is used to consumers.B. Allow access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected.C. Make consumers believe that the information provided by the sites is surely correct.D. Institute the kind of security measures that ensure that the information wont fall into the wrong hands.3. It could be drawn from the passage that .A. the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center has released at least 3 reports concerning the online privacyB.