八年级下Unit--3-4专题讲解和练习题

八年级Unit 3-4专题讲解和练习题重点句型1. few 几乎没有 修饰可数名词 否定 He has few friends. a few 少数的 修饰可数名词 肯定 He has a few friends. little几乎没有 修饰不可数名词 否定 There is little sugar in the bottle. a little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 肯定 There is a little sugar in the bottle2. at least 至少 - at most 至多 at first 最初 - at last 最后3. problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题，它与动词 solve或settle（解决）搭配。question指说话者需要寻找答案的问题，它常与动词ask或answer连用。4. Couldyoupleasedosth?请你（做）.好吗？用于提出请求，希望得到对方的肯定回答，说话的语气比较客气委婉。Could不是can的过去式，是委婉、礼貌的说法。回答用can.【常用答语】肯定回答：Sure./Ofcourse./Certainly./Noproblem.否定回答：Sorry,Icant()Couldyoupleasecleantheroom?_Ihavetodomyhomework.A.Yes,sure.B.Whynot? C.Sorry,youcant. D.Sorry,Icant.()CouldIplease_?Sorry,youcant.Yourmotherhastouseit.A.dochores B.gotothemoviesC.usethecar D.gotoschool()Mum,CouldIgotoBeijingwithyou?Yes,_.Butyouhavetofinishyourhomeworkfirst.A.youcan B.youcould C.youcant D.youcouldnt()Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdayparty?Idloveto,_Imtoobusy. A.and B.if C.so D.but5. takeout取出（v+adv）如代词做宾语，代词放中间；如名词做宾语，可放在中间，也可放在后边【短语】takeoutthetrash倒垃 takeawalk散步takeaway拿走takeback收回takeplace发生takeoff脱下；起飞takecareof照顾 takeup占据 takeonestemperature量体温6. finishdoingsth做完某事Canyoufinish readingthesebooksbefore10oclock?Yes,Ican.7. as.as.和.一样.eg. Imjustastiredasyouare!我和你一样累！assoonas一.就.,引导时间状语从句。(与if,when,not until,主将从现原则)eg:IllwritetoyouassoonasIgetthere.我一到那儿就给你来信。8.neither+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语“某人（主语）也不”neither两者都不neithernor既不也不,连接两个词做主语，谓语动词由后一个主语确定eg. NeitherTomnorJimisastudent表达“也不”则用“Neither/Nor+be/V助/V情+主”eg.Thefirstonewasntbad.Neitherwasthesecond.9. or 表并列 （否、疑） and （肯）or 表转折 否则，要不然10.【拓展】come短语：comeover过来 comeacross（偶然）发现 comeback回来comeupwith想出 cometrue实现 comedown下来comefrom=befrom comein/into进入,进来 comeon赶快,加油comeandgo来来去去 comeout出来，书出版 comeup上来11.infrontof 指在物体外部的前面in thefrontof指在物体内部的前面12. lend“借出”“把某物借给某人”lendsthtosb/lendsb.sth.borrow“借入”“向某人借某物”borrowsthfromsbkeep“保管”是延续性动词，通常表示借了某物多长时间()1Couldyou_meyourdictionary?Iwanttofindthemeaningofthisnewword.A.keep B.lent C.borrow D.lend()2Ican_youmydictionary,butyoucan_itforonlyaweek.A.borrow;borrow B.lend;borrow C.borrow;keep D.lend;keep()3-MayI_yourbike?-Certainly,butyoumustnt_ittoothers.A.lend;lend B.borrow;lend C.borrow;borrow D.lend;borrow13. invitevinvitationn 邀请(1)invitesb.todosth 邀请某人做某事(2) invitesb.to+地点 邀请某人去某地14. waste 浪费1) n. awasteof浪费eg.awasteoftime浪费时间awasteofmoney浪费金钱2)v.wastetime/moneyonsthwastetime/money(in)doingsth在做某事上花费时间/金钱15 (1)spendspentspentv花费,主语是人spend+时间/钱+onsthspend+时间/钱+（in）doingsth(2)paypaidpaidv支付，主语是人 sb.+pay+钱+forsth(3)costcostcostv花费，主语是某物或某事sthcostsb.+钱某物花费某人多少钱(4)taketooktakenv花费.主语是itIttakes/tooksb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间16. inorderto“目的是；为了”后接动词原形。inordertodosth为了做某事17. getup起床 getback返回 getover克服getdressed穿衣getinto进入get/belost丢失getoff/on下/上车getonwellwithsb.getoutof从出来getwarm变暧 getreadyfor为做准备18 提供provide为应急等做好准备而“提供；供给”providesb.withsth.=providesthforsb.提供某人某物offer侧重表示“愿意给予”offersb.sth.=offersthtosb.对某人提供某物offertodosth主动提出干某事supply定期“供应”supplysb.withsth=supplysth.tosb.为某人提供某物19. dependon1）依靠； eg. Childrenthesedaysdependontheirparentstoomuch2）取决于20. keep “保持”1)keep+adj. Wemustkeephealthy.2)keep+n.+adj. We must keep the room clean.3)keep(on)doingsth Hewasingreatpainbuthekeptonworking4)keepsb.doingsth Imsorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsolong.21. asaresult结果（插入语，放在句首，用逗号隔开）eg.Dontaskhimtoolateintothenight, Asaresult,heisonlyasmallchild22. the+比较级，the+比较级“越.越.”eg.Themoreyousmile,thehappieryouwillfeel.23. sinceconj.既然(表示对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首）eg. Since you are here,lets have dinner together.24. hate to do sth.eg. I hate to do chores.我讨厌做杂务。（)l.-CouldIborrowyourdictionary?Ofcourse,you.A.can B.must C.should D.haveto（)2.Doyouagreeme,Nick?A.at B.about C.on D.with（)3.Couldyoufinishthetaskintwodays?_.lhavesomethingelsetodothesedays.A.1mafraidsoB.Imafraidnot C.Yes,Ithinkso D.Ihopeit（)4.Herfatherlikesdinnerbuthatesthedishes.A.making;making B.doing;doingC.making;doing D.doing;making（)5.CouldIadictionaryfromyou.David?Sorry,Iittomycousinyesterday.A.lend;borrowed B.borrow;lend C.borrow:lent D.borrowed;lend（)6.Itispoliteagiftwhenyouvisitsomebodyforthefirsttime.A.take B.raking C.totake D.gets（)7.Imnotgoingswimmingtomorrowafternoon.Ihavetocleanupmybedroom.A.SoamI B.NeitheramI C.NeitherIam D.SoIam（)8.Mary,couldyoupleasehelpme_mybaby?Iwilldosomeshopping.A.lookfor B.lookat C.lookover D.lookafter（)9.Heistirednow.Hestayathomeandhavearest.A.hastoB.hadto Cneed D.cant（)10.Mom,whereisDavid?Heisworkingthatdifficultmathproblem.A.for B.with C.on D.in( ) 11.Couldyouhelpmetakeittotheclassroom?_.A.Yes,IcouldB.No,Icouldnt C.Yes,sureD.No,Idont( )12.Whowillsendyoutotheschool,yourmomoryourdad?_.Illgotherealone.A.Both B.Either C.Neither D.None( )13.Youngpeoplehate_choresbecauseitsboring.A.todo B.todoing C.did D.tobedoing( )14.CanI_yourtextbook?Ileftmineathome.A.borrow B.lend C.keep D.kept( )15._theyliveonehousewiththeirparents,theyshouldknowthateveryoneshoulddotheirpartinkeepingitcleanandtidy.A.Since B.For C.Inorderto D.Sothat 1.你能扫地吗？_youplease_thefloor?2.如果她看到这么乱，她会不高兴的。She_behappyifsheseesthis_.3.我扔下我的包去了起居室。I_mybagandwenttothelivingroom.4.她没做任何家务，我也没有。Shedidnotdoanyhouseworkand_I.5.做家务可帮助培养孩子独立。Doing_helpsto_childrensindependence.Unit 4重点句型1.should的用法should为情态动词，表示劝告、建议，意为“应该”，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，其否定形式为shouldnt eg. Maybesheshouldsaysorrytoyou.could的用法情态动词could既是can的过去式，表示过去的能力，又可以表示谨慎、客气的建议，后接动词原形，其否定形式为couldnt。eg. Mygrandfathercoulddrivewellevenattheageofeighty.()Thegirl_readbeforeshewenttoschool.A.CouldB.CouldntC.ShouldD.May2、状语从句1) .until引导的时间状语从句until意为“直到；在.之前”。eg.Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.eg. IdidntwakeupuntilIheardthealarmclock.2).sothat引导的目的状语从句 意为“为的是，以便”，引导目的状语从句eg. LetmetakedownyourtelephonenumbersothatIcancallyoulater.3).although引导的状语从句,意为though“尽管，虽然”，引导让步状语从句。引导的从句不能与并列连词but，and，so等连用，但可以和yet，still等词连用。eg.Althoughthebookwasold,wedecidedtobuyit.3.用于提建议的句型：(1)Whataboutdoingsth?=Howaboutdoingsth?.怎么样？(2)Whydontyoudosth?=Whynotdosth?为什么不呢？(3)Letsdosth.让我们一起做某事吧。(4)Shallwe/Idosth?我们做好吗？(5)hadbetterdo/notdosth最好做/不做某事(6)Will/Wouldyoupleasedosth请你做好吗？(7)Wouldyouliketodosth?你想去做某事吗？(8)Wouldyouminddoingsth？你介意做某事吗？(1).同意对方的建议时，一般用：Goodidea./Thatsgoodidea.好主意OK/Allright./Great好/行/太好了Yes,please./Idloveto是的/我愿意Iagreewithyou我同意你的看法Noproblem没问题Sure/Ofcourse/Certainly当然可以Yes,Ithinkso对，我也这样想(2).表示委婉谢绝时，一般用：Idontthinkso我认为不是这样4. toomany+复数名词许多toomanypeopletoomuch+不可数名词 许多 toomuchhomeworkmuchtoo+形容词 太 muchtoocold5. allowv允许allowdoingsth允许做某事 eg. Theydontallowsmoking.allowsb.todosth允许某人做某事 eg. Ourteacherallowsusto go outforawalk.6. 系动词：后跟adj.作表语一是：（be）am/is/arebequiet=keepquiet保持安静二保持：stay/keep（表示持续状态）stayhealthy=keephealthy保持健康三变化：become/get/turn（表示状态变化）五起来：sound/look/smell/taste/feel（表示感觉）7.find/hear/watch/see/feel sb.doingsth发现某人正在做某事eg. Mr.WangfoundLiDongreadingastorybookintheclass.8.lookfor寻找 lookafter 照顾 looklike长得像lookthesame 看起来一样 lookthrough浏览 lookout小心 lookaround环顾四周 lookup 查字典 lookforwardto期望8.beangrywithsb.=bemadatsb.对某人生气beangryat/aboutsth对某事感到生气beangrytodosth做某事感到生气9. hopetodosth IhopetovisitGuilin.hope+that从句（表示希望） Ihopethatyoullbebettersoonwishtodosth IwishtovisitGuilin.wishsb.todosth Iwishyoutogo.wish+that从句表示愿望，从句用虚拟语气 IwishIwereyou.10.haveanargumentwithsb.与某人辩论arguewithsb.与某人争吵arguewithsb.aboutsth为某事与某人争吵argueaboutsth争论某事argueagainst争辩；反对11.hangover挂在.之上；悬浮在.之上hangout闲逛；常去某处hangup挂电话；悬挂12. refuse=saynotov拒绝refusetodosth拒绝去做某事13. instead(1)instead代替，常放在句首或句尾,表示前面的事情没做，而做了后面的事情。eg. LeewasillsoIwentinstead.李病了，所以我去了。(2)insteadof+n/doing代替，而不是，放在句中insteadof为介词短语，后面一般接名词、代词、介词短语或动名词形式。eg. Shewrotetohiminsteadofcallinghim.=Shedidntcallhim.Shewrotetohiminstead.14. offertodosth主动提出做某事offersb.sth=offersthtosb.主动提供给某人某物15.communicatev交流communicationn交流；沟通communicatewithsb.和某人交流eg. TheycommunicatewitheachotherbyQQ.16. explain解释；说明explanationn解释；说明explainsthtosb.向某人解释某事。explaintosbsth给某人解释某事17.worryv担心worriedadj.焦急的worryabout=beworriedabout为担心Dont_aboutthingssomuch.Itwillmakeyoustressedout.A.afraidB.worryC.worriedD.Terrified18. return 1) v归还 =givebackreturn.to.=givebackto.把.还给.2)v回来；返回=comeback19 competev竞争；对抗competitionn竞争competewithsb.和某人竞争competeagainst/with与竞争competefor为参加比赛20.inonesopinion以某人的观点；在某人看来giveopinionsaboutsth.给出关于某事的观点。21 sometime 一段时间，做时间状语sometimeadv 在某个时候sometimes 名词词组，“几次，几倍”sometimes=attimes有时（一般现在时的标志词）eg. Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花费某人多长时间eg. Mr.GreenwenttoSanyasometimeslastsummer.22.在姓氏的复数前加冠词the表示“全家人或夫妻两人”，使用时注意主语和谓语保持一致。eg.TheBlacksaregettingreadyfortheholiday.23 continuedoingsth=goondoingsth继续做某事(前后做同一件事)continuetodosth=goontodosth继续做某事（前后不是同一件事）24 sendsentsentv发送sendsb.sth=sendsthtosb.sendaway赶走sendfor派人去请sendoff寄出sendout分发 sendup发射送给某人某物25 kind1)n种类allkindsof各种各样的 differentkindsof不同种类的Whatkindof?那种2)adj.友好的bekindtosb.=begoodtosb.=befriendlytosb.对某人友好3) adv. 有点kindof+adj.有点，有几分，kindofcold有点冷()Thiskindofskirtlooks_andsells_.A.nicewellB.nice;goodC.well;wellD.goodnice()What_animalsdoyoulike?Monkeys.Ithinktheyre_clever.A.kindof;kindofB.akindofakindofC.kindof;akindD.akindofkindof26. havetimetodosth有时间做某事27 comparewith把与.做比较compareto把.比做eg. Peopleoftencompareateacheracandle.A.toB.intoC.asD.with28 begoodfor对.有益处 （反） bebadfor对有害处begoodat+n/doing=dowellin+n/doing擅长于做某事begoodtosb.=bekindto=befriendlytosb.对某人友好29.cause1) v.造成，使发生causesb.todosth使某人做某事causesb.forsb.给某人添麻烦2)n.原因，指引起某种结果的“原因”，后接介词of.eg.Thecauseoftheaccidentwasthefactthathewasdrivingtoofast.30.perhaps意为“也许，可能”，一般指比较小的可能性。eg. PerhapsIwillseehimthedayaftertomorrow,butIbably“很可能，大概”，其可能性最大，表示一种几乎完全肯定的意思。eg. Hewillprobablyrefusetheoffer.possibly意为“可能，或许，也许”，可能性较大。eg. Illseeyoutoday,orpossiblytomorrow maybe“或许，大概”，主要用于非正式场合，常用在口语中eg. Maybeyouputtheletterinyourbasket.31. Its+adj.(easy,difficult,important,necessary)+(forsb.)todosthIts+adj(kind,honest,friendly,)+(ofsb)todosth.Itsimportantforus_(learn)Englishwell.Itshardforus_(finish)thistaskintwodays.Itsverynice_youtohelpmealot. A.forB.ofC.inD.on32.keepondoing继续做某事 keepsb.doingsth让某人一直做某事keepupwith跟上 keepsb.fromdoingsth阻止某人做某事keepawayfrom避开Mr.Likept_(work)herefornearly30years.()1.You_writehimalettertosayyouaresorryforit.Imnotgoodatwritingletters.Iwanttotalkaboutit_thephone.A.could；on B.should；in C.can；over D.must；by()2.It_herfourhours_theworkyesterday.A.takes,finish B.take,finishing C.took,finished D.took,tofinish()3.ImsorryIbrokemyneighborswindow.WhatshouldIdo?Imafraidyouhaveto_it.A.lookfor B.payfor C.cutup D.getback()4.Dont_it.Letshaveatryagain.A.arguewith B.cutout C.geton D.beangrywith()5._?Mycardoesntwork.A.Whyareyouhere? B.Howdoyoudo C.Whatswrong? D.Whatsthis?()6.WecanuseQQtotalkwitheachotherontheInternet.Really?Willyoupleaseshowme_?A.whattouse B.howtouseit C.howcanIuseit D.whatcanIuse()7.Theboyisbecausehearguedwithhisbestfriendjustnow.A.happy B.upset C.tired D.excited()8.Ihadafightwithmybrotherthismorning._A.Thatsnothing. B.Great!Youareright.C.Youshouldsaysorrytohim. D.Youshouldnttalktohimfirst.()9.Shelooked_whensheheardthe_news.A.surprised;surprised B.surprising;surprisedC.surprising;surprising D.surprised;surprising()10.LittleTomisanorphan.Henowfeels_withouthisonlyfriendthedog,A.evenmorelonely B.verymorelonely C.stillmorealone D.farmorealone()11.Ifyoudontgo,Iwontgo_.A.too B.also C.either D.neither()12.Afterthedeathoftheirparents,thesisters_wellandneverargued.A.gotup B.goton C.gotdown D.gotto ()13.Couldyoupleasehelpme_whentheplanesarrives?A.ask B.lookfor C.findsout D.findout()14.Heusedto_verylate,butnowheisusedto_early.A.getup;gettingupB.getup;getupC.gettingup;getupD.gettingup;gettingup ()15.Whatsthematterwithyou,Peter?_.A.IamastudentinGrade9. B.Hehasgotaheadache.C.Ihadafightwithmybestfriend. D.Shelltakesomemedicine.1、 根据句意及首字母或所用词的适当形式填空1. Sometimes I s_ the floor and clean the kitchen.2. When you see a lot of r_ in your school, how do you feel?3. Your room is in a m_. You should clean it up.4. We t_ away a lot of rubbish every day.5. There is much water on the f_. Be careful when you walk on it.6. Please f_ your clothes and put them away.7. This book isnt interesting and n_ is that one.8. I bought a beautiful s_ for my son.9. Could I b_ a bike from you? Mine is broken.10. We h_ to study all day. We should have our own free time.11. Youd better not make any noise w_ your baby is sleeping.12. P_ me a storybook, please. I need to relax.13. The rich man wouldnt l_ money to others.14. Dont w_ your money buying something useless.15. The hotel will p_ free breakfast for guests.16. S_ you are here. Lets have lunch together.17. She lives next to my house. We are n_.18. You have to be 18 years old before you are a_ to drive a car.19. Can you g_ the price?20. Dont worry. Its not a big d_.21. The r_ between my parents are difficult.22. Look at the sky. There are so many c_.23. The e_ brother should take care of the younger one.24. Dont be n_ about your grades if you try your best.25. Could you e_ why you are late again?26. The telephone is a popular way of _ (communicate).27. Firstl