大型工程软件（二）(en)_4

机械系统动力学分析软件 ADAMSBasicTraining automaticdynamicsanalysisofmechanicalsystem ADAMS CAR模块界面 Chapter7 ADAMS Car基本使用方法 CAR SD SuspensionDesign EDM EmpiricalDynamicsModels CSM 3DRoad Durability Driver Driveline Solver EnginepoweredbyFEV MACHANISM Pro Controls Exchange ADAMS CAR软件相关模块 悬架设计软件包SD SuspensionDesign中包括以特征参数 前束 定位参数 速度 表示的悬架模型 通过这些特征参数 设计师可以快速确定在任意载荷和轮胎下的轮心位置和方向 在此基础上 快速建立包括橡胶衬套在内的柔体悬 架模型 它采用的是全参数的面板建摸方式 借助悬架模块 设计师可以提出原始的悬架设计方案 在此基础上 通过调整悬架参数就可以快速确定满足理想悬架特性的悬架方案 SuspensionDesign可以进行的试验包括 单轮激振试验 双轮同向激振试验 双轮反向激振试验 转向试验和静载试验等 输出的参数包括39种标准悬架特性参数 概念化悬架模块CSM CSM是一个选装模块 可以是ADAMS CAR的一部分 也可以单独使用 利用CSM 通过预先定义悬架运动时或受外力作用时车桥的轨迹 可以在ADAMS CAR中实现悬架的运动分析 利用CSM 不需要建立详细的多体悬架模型 就可以研究系统级的车辆动力学性能 由于特征文件 SCF中不包含任何相关的几何信息 所以CSM模型不但可以与他人共享悬架特征文件 而且不必担心泄密 另外 使用CSM可以在同一个车辆装配中把概念悬架与多体悬架相结合使用 也可以通过表格数据 二维或三维的样条函数 或三元多项式系数定义悬架特征曲线 从ADAMS CAR多体悬架分析中可自动产生悬架特性 SCF文件 用户可以如同悬架设计模块一样进行整车的仿真分析 SD与CSM的区别 SD需要建立详细的多体悬架模型 或者是借助已有的多体悬架模型进行改进 CSM不需要建立详细的多体悬架模型 只注重悬架布局的最终结果 ADAMS CAR的优点相对传统的汽车设计开发 使用ADAMS及其CAR模块 可以在如下方面收到明显效果 分析时间由数月减少为数日降低工程制造和测试费用在产品制造出之前 就可以发现并更正设计错误 完善设计方案在产品开发过程中 减少所需的物理样机数量当进行物理样机测试有危险 费时和成本高时 可利用虚拟样机进行分析和仿真缩短产品的开发周期 福特汽车公司在一个新车型的开发过程中采用此项技术 设计周期缩短了70天 全公司范围内 由于采用了这项技术 设计费用减少了4000万美元 制造费用节省了10亿美元 由于设计制造周期的缩短 新车上市早 额外赢利达到其成本的数倍 ADAMS CAR基本使用方法 启动CAR模块双击CAR模块图标 屏幕出现ADAMS CAR窗口 并弹出欢迎对话框 此时需选择模式 StandardInterfaceTemplateBuilder选择其中一个 进入CAR模块的一个模式 若需要切换模式 可以直接按F9或者Tools下拉菜单的第一个选项 在专家模式中使用ADAMS Car 工程师可以根据本公司的工程经验建立用户自定义模板 以帮助新来的工程师应用该模板进行各种工况标准的整车性能仿真试验 ProcessofSimulation Build Test Simulate Review PostProcessor 研究车辆系统动力学 建立车辆仿真模型 归纳起来有以下几个典型步骤 机械系统的物理抽象 获取模型的运动学 几何定位 参数 建立抽象系统的运动部件 约束 从而建立运动学模型 校验模型的自由度及正确性 获得模型的动力学参数 定义模型中部件 铰链与弹性元件及外界条件 如道路模型 铁道轮轨模型 空气阻力等的特性 建立动力学模型 对动力学模型进行调整与仿真计算 对仿真计算结果进行后处理 悬架的建立与仿真分析CreatingandSimulatingSuspensions 双横臂前悬架的建立步骤Creatingdouble wishbonesuspension 1 StartADAMS CarinStartingADAMS CarStandardInterface 2 FromtheFilemenu pointtoNew andthenselectSubsystem CreatingaNewFrontSuspensionSubsystem创建前悬架子系统 3 IntheSubsystemNametextbox enterUAN FRT SUSP 4 SetMinorRoletofront Aminorroledefinesthesubsystem sfunctionanditsplacementintheassembly forexample frontorrear 5 Right clicktheTemplateNametextbox pointtoSearch andthenselecttheacar shareddatabase 6 Double click double wishbone tpl TheTemplateNametextboxnowcontainsthefile double wishbone tplandanaliastoitsdirectorypath 7 VerifythatTranslatefromdefaultpositionisnotselected 8 SelecttheCommenttool 9 IntheCommentTexttextbox enterBaselineUANFrontSuspension 10 SelectOK 11 SelectOKagain CreatingaSuspensionandSteeringAssembly创建悬架与转向系装配系统 1 FromtheFilemenu pointtoNew andthenselectSuspensionAssembly 2 IntheAssemblyNametextbox entermy assembly 3 ClickthefoldericonnexttoSuspensionSubsystem 4 SelectSteeringSubsystem 5 Right clicktheSteeringSubsystemtextbox pointtoSearch andthenselecttheacar shareddatabase 6 Double clickMDI FRONT STEERING sub 7 SelectOK TypesofSuspensionAnalyses 扭转垂直受力分析 双轮同向激振试验 双轮反向激振试验 单轮激振试验 转向试验 静载试验 PerformingaBaselineParallelWheelTravelAnalysis双轮同向激振试验 DefiningVehicleParameters定义汽车参数 1 FromtheSimulatemenu pointtoSuspensionAnalysis andthenselectSetSuspensionParameters 2 Setuptheanalysisasfollows 3 SelectOK PerformingtheAnalysis执行分析 1 FromtheSimulatemenu pointtoSuspensionAnalysis andthenselectParallelWheelTravel Chapter8 TemplateBuilding模板建模器 一 StartingADAMS CarTemplateBuilder Tochecktheusermode 1 Inatexteditor suchasjotornotepad open acar cfg 2 Verifythatthefollowinglineappearsasshown ENVIRONMENTMDI ACAR USERMODEexpertThislinesetstheusermodefortheADAMS Carsession TostartADAMS CarTemplateBuilder 1 StartADAMS CarStandardInterface justasyoudidinStartingADAMS CarStandardInterface 2 FromtheToolsmenu selectADAMS CarTemplateBuilder 二 CreatingTopologyforYourTemplate CreatingaTemplate 1 StartADAMS CarTemplateBuilderasexplainedinStartingADAMS CarTemplateBuilder 2 FromtheFilemenu selectNew TheNewTemplatedialogboxappears 3 IntheTemplateNametextbox entermacpherson 4 VerifythatMajorRoleissettosuspension 5 SelectOK 6 Fromthemainshortcutmenu selectFrontIsoandFit All Figure8 2MainWindowwithGravityIconDisplayed BuildingSuspensionParts 1 CreatingtheControlArm Tobuildthehardpoints 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoHardpoint andthenselectNew 2 IntheHardpointNametextbox enterarm outer 3 VerifythatTypeissettoleft 4 IntheLocationtextbox enter0 700 0 5 SelectApply 6 RepeatSteps2through5tobuildthetwohardpointsspecifiedinTable8 1 7 Whenyou redonecreatingthehardpoints closethedialogbox 8 Toseeallsixhardpointsinthemainwindow seefigure8 3 fityourmodeltoview Tocreatethecontrolarmpart 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoParts pointtoGeneralPart andthenselectNew 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK Tocreatethecontrolarmgeometry 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoGeometry pointtoArm andthenselectNew 2 Createthecontrolarmasfollows ArmName control armGeneralPart macpherson gel control armCoordinateReference 1 macpherson ground hpl arm outerCoordinateReference 2 macpherson ground hpl arm frontCoordinateReference 3 macpherson ground hpl arm rearThickness 103 SelectCalculateMassPropertiesofGeneralPart 4 SetDensitytoMaterial 5 SelectOK 2CreatingtheWheelCarrier Tocreatethehardpoints Tocreatethewheelcarrierpart 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoParts pointtoGeneralPart andthenselectWizard 2 Createthewheelcarrierpartasfollows GeneralPartName wheel carrierGeometryType ArmCoordinateReference 1 macpherson ground hpl wheel centerCoordinateReference 2 macpherson ground hpl arm outerCoordinateReference 3 macpherson ground hpl strut lowerThickness 103 SelectOK Toaddthewheelcarrierlinkgeometry 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoGeometry pointtoLink andthenselectNew 2 Createthewheelcarrierpartasfollows LinkName carrier linkGeneralPart macpherson gel wheel carrierCoordinateReference 1 macpherson ground hpl strut lowerCoordinateReference 2 macpherson ground hpl tierod outerRadius 103 SelectCalculateMassPropertiesofGeneralPart 4 SelectOK 3CreatingtheStrut Todefinethestrutpart 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoParts pointtoGeneralPart andthenselectNew 2 Definethestrutpartasfollows GeneralPart strutLocationvalues 0 600 600EulerAngles 0 0 0Mass Ixx Iyy Izz 13 SelectOK 4CreatingtheDamper Tocreateahardpoint 1 Createahardpointasfollows HardpointName strut upperLocation 0 600 6002 SelectOK Tocreatethedamper 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoForces pointtoDamper andthenselectNew 2 Createthedamperasfollows DamperName damperIPart macpherson gel wheel carrierJPart macpherson gel strutICoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl strut lowerJCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl strut upper3 SelectOK 5DefiningtheSpring Tocreateahardpointforthespring 1 Createahardpointasfollows HardpointName spring lowerLocation 0 650 3002 SelectOK Tocreatethespring 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoForces pointtoSpring andthenselectNew 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK 6CreatingtheTieRod Tocreateahardpoint 1 Createahardpointwiththefollowingspecifications HardpointName tierod innerLocation 200 350 2502 SelectOK Tocreatethetierodpart 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoParts pointtoGeneralPart andthenselectWizard 2 Createthetierodpartasfollows GeneralPartName tierodGeometryType LinkCoordinateReference 1 macpherson ground hpl tierod outerCoordinateReference 2 macpherson ground hpl tierod innerRadius 103 SelectOK 7CreatingtheToeandCamberVariables 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoSuspensionParameters pointtoToe CamberValues andthenselectSet 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK 8CreatingtheHub Tocreateaconstructionframe 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoConstructionFrame andthenselectNew 2 Createaconstructionframeasfollows ConstructionFrame hub bearingCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl wheel centerOrientationDependency Toe CamberToeParameterVariable macpherson pvl toe angleCamberParameterVariable macpherson pvl camber angle3 SelectOK Tocreatethehubpart 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoParts pointtoGeneralPart andthenselectNew 2 Createthehubpartasfollows GeneralPart hubLocationDependency DeltalocationfromcoordinateCoordinateReference cfl hub bearingLocationvalues 0 0 0OrientationDependency DeltaorientationfromcoordinateConstructionFrame cfl hub bearingOrientation 0 0 0Mass Ixx Iyy Izz 13 SelectOK Tocreatecylindergeometryforthehub 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoGeometry pointtoCylinder andthenselectNew 2 Createthecylindergeometryasfollows CylinderName hubGeneralPart macpherson gel hubConstructionFrame macpherson ground cfl hub bearingRadius 30LengthinPositiveZ 30LengthinNegativeZ 0Color magenta3 SelectCalculateMassPropertiesofGeneralPart 4 SelectOK 9CreatingandDefiningAttachmentsandParameters DefiningtheTranslationalJoint 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoAttachments pointtoJoint andthenselectNew 2 Createthetranslationaljointasfollows JointName strut jointIPart macpherson gel wheel carrierJPart macpherson gel strutJointType translationalCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl strut upperOrientationDependency OrientaxisalonglineCoordinateReference 1 macpherson ground hpl strut lowerCoordinateReference 2 macpherson ground hpl strut upper3 SelectOK DefiningControlArmAttachments Tocreatethemountparts 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoParts pointtoMount andthenselectNew 2 IntheMountNametextbox entersubframe to body 3 IntheCoordinateReferencetextbox enter macpherson ground hpl arm front 4 VerifythatFromMinorRoleissettoinherit 5 SelectOK Tocreatethefrontbushingforthecontrolarm 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoAttachments pointtoBushing andthenselectNew 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshowninfigure8 4 andthenselectApply Tocreatethecontrolarmrevolutejoint 1 Createthecontrolarmrevolutejointasfollows JointName arm frontIPart macpherson gel control armPart macpherson mtl subframe to bodyJointType revoluteActive kinematicmodeCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl arm frontOrientationDependency OrientaxisalonglineCoordinateReference 1 macpherson ground hpl arm frontCoordinateReference 2 macpherson ground hpl arm rear2 SelectApply Tocreatethecontrolarmsphericaljoint 1 Createthecontrolarmsphericaljointasfollows JointName arm outerIPart macpherson gel wheel carrierJPart macpherson gel control armJointType sphericalActive alwaysCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl arm outer2 SelectOK DefiningtheStrutAttachment Todefineamountpart 1 Createamountpartasfollows MountName strut to bodyCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl strut upperFromMinorRole inherit2 SelectOK Tocreateabushingforthestrut Tocreateasphericaljointforthestrut 1 Createthesphericaljointasfollows JointName strut upperIPart macpherson gel strutJPart macpherson mtl strut to bodyJointType sphericalActive kinematicmodeCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl strut upper2 SelectApply DefiningWheelCarrierAttachments Tocreateasphericaljoint 1 Createthesphericaljointasfollows JointName tierod outerIPart macpherson gel wheel carrierJPart macpherson gel tierodJointType sphericalActive alwaysCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl tierod outer2 SelectOK Tocreateamountpartforthehookejoint 1 Createamountpartasfollows MountName tierod to steeringCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl tierod innerFromMinorRole inherit2 SelectOK 1 Createahookejointasfollows JointName tierod innerIPart macpherson gel tierodJPart macpherson mtl tierod to steeringJointType hookeActive alwaysCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl tierod innerI PartAxis macpherson ground hpl tierod outerJ PartAxis macpherson ground hpr tierod inner2 SelectApply Tocreateahookejoint DefiningHubAttachments Todefinethehubattachment 1 Createarevolutejointasfollows JointName hub bearingPart macpherson gel wheel carrierJPart macpherson gel hubJointType revoluteActive alwaysCoordinateReference macpherson ground hpl wheel centerOrientationDependency DeltaorientationfromcoordinateConstructionFrame macpherson ground cfl hub bearing2 SelectOK DefiningSuspensionParameters Tocreateasteeraxis 1 FromtheBuildmenu pointtoSuspensionParameters pointtoCharacteristicArray andthenselectSet 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK 三 CreatingaSuspensionSubsystem 1 FromtheFilemenu pointtoNew andthenselectSubsystem 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK Chapter9CreatingandSimulatingFullVehicles AFull VehicleAssembly 1 Toopenanassembly 1 FromtheFilemenu pointtoOpen andthenselectAssembly 2 Right clicktheAssemblyNametextbox pointtoSearch andthenselecttheacar shareddatabase 3 Double clickMDI Demo Vehicle asy 4 SelectOK 5 WhenADAMS Carisdoneloadingtheassembly selectClose 2 TocreatetheFull Vehicleassembly 1 FromtheFilemenu pointtoNew andthenselectFull VehicleAssembly 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK 汽车操纵稳定性试验方法 稳态回转试验Steadystaticcirculartestprocedure 转向回正性能试验Returnabilitytest 转向轻便性试验Steeringeffortstestprocedure 转向瞬态响应试验 转向盘转角阶跃输入 Steeringtransientresponsetest Steeringwheelanglestepinput 转向瞬态响应试验 转向盘转角脉冲输入 Steeringtransientresponsetest SteeringwheelangleImpulseinput Controllabilityandstabilitytestprocedureforautomobiles 汽车平顺性试验方法Automobileridecomfort 蛇行试验Pyloncourseslalomtest 随机输入行驶试验Methodofrandominputrunningtest 脉冲输入行驶试验MethodofImpulseinputrunningtest LognitudinalLateralPitchRoolYaw 纵向侧向俯仰滚转横摆 偏航 开环转向特性分析 转向盘转角阶跃 转向盘转角脉冲 单移线 转向回正性能 Yawangularvelocity PerformingaSingleLane ChangeAnalysis SettingUptheAnalysis单移线 1 FromtheSimulatemenu pointtoFull VehicleAnalysis pointtoOpen LoopSteeringEvents andthenselectSingleLaneChange 2 Fillinthedialogboxasshownnext andthenselectOK 3 Whentheanalysisiscomplete selectClose Figure9 1PlotofLateralAccelerationversusTime P