历年考研英语写作直接打印版

2011写作强化讲义整理版第一节一、 考研动向1. 研究生分类：学术型，专业学位2. 英语试卷分类：英语一，英语二3. 词汇变难1） 基本要求一词多义，熟词僻义。四大词性（名词，动词，形容词，副词）2） 最新要求词义关系（同义词，近义词，反义词）搭配关系（动介搭配，形介搭配，形名搭配）词根词缀（62个前缀和54个后缀）4. 小作文变难全面准备 Nothing is impossible5. 关注三本书：考试大纲考试分析大纲解析二、 考前冲刺1. 攻克词汇：10月30日前2. 精研真题：12月31日前词汇，选项，长难句，英译汉，背诵3. 适当模考：2011年1月，至少模考三次三、 时间分配2:002:15 写作A节：2分钟审题，12分钟写作，1分钟检查2:152:50 写作B节：3分钟审题，30分钟写作，2分钟检查2:504:00 阅读A节4:004:20 阅读B节4:204:40 阅读C节4:405:00 完形填空四、 写作学习1.考研写作参考资料：首页左侧：分类：考研复习：2010考研成绩交流贴2011考研英语高分写作（王江涛编著，群言出版社，2010年3月版）仙之道长的考研写作课（王江涛著，陕西师范大学出版社，2010年9月版）2.学习方法 1）背诵最笨的方法就是最好的方法 背诵之前：a.写作（练习构思，语言） b.中译英（练习语言） c.仔细对比原文，寻找写作差距写作文章与原文对比内容和结构，原文与译文对比语言 语言第一位，结构第二位，内容第三位 语言：正确，变化（词汇，句型） 结构：逻辑性（段落结构：总分总；评分标准：关联词，替换） 内容：论证充分高分作文三大要求：语言精彩，结构严谨，论证充分 20大必背范文，滚瓜烂熟！脱口而出！多多益善！2）默写：仔细对比原文，发现写作弱点 每隔半个月至少默写一次3）仿写：仿写是提高写作实力最好的方法 第二节一、考研大作文框架结构基本要求：3段，12句左右（3+5+4），160-250个词，5-7个关联词（适可而止），5-7个从句（多多益善）1、Introduction：第一段，3句左右1） 图画/表作文：图画/表描述（1） General description：总体描述（物+动作+环境）1句（2） Details description：细节描述（挖掘细节词，串联成句），1句（3） Caption/Symbolic meaning：文字说明或象征寓意，1句2） 提纲/情景作文：现状说明（1） Background information:背景交代，1句（2） General talk of the topic:引出主题，1句（3） Thesis Statement: state specifically what your opinion is：确立论点：中心思想，1句2、Body： 第二段，意义阐释，5句左右1）Topic sentence：Symbolic meaning，主题句，象征寓意，1句2）Argument：论证，3句左右，考研写作四大论证手段（1）Cause and Effect：因果论证（2）Exemplification：举例论证A. Numerous examples can be given, but this/these will suffice.B. I can think of no better illustration than the following one(s).C. This/These case(s) effectively clarify that （3）联系现实：以小见大，把握象征寓意，个体想为群体，具体想为抽象 如represent，symbolize，epitomize，be naturally associated with （4）正反论证 3）Summary：（小结），概括论证，总结本段，1句3、Conclusion：第三段，归纳结论/建议措施，4句左右1）Concluding sentence：结论句，呼应象征寓意，1句2）（Suggestions 1、2）：两句评论或亮点建议（针对双方提建议），2句3）包装结尾，展望未来，1句。考研写作三大优秀句型倒装句：Only in this way can we solve this problem.强调句：It is persistent work that is conducive to your grasping a considerable vocabulary.虚拟语气：It is high time that we improved the present situation.重点积累四种句型：描述句型，原因句型，举例句型，评论句型 考研写作三大钻石定律：1. 些想到的第二个词或句子2. 写的每个词或句子最好背过3. 错误的复杂句不如正确的简单句二、起承转合1、启动观点，开篇点题2、观点承接，正面论证 1）举例说明：a case in point，as a illustration，specifically，to illustrate，to demonstrate 2）表示增补：besides，furthermore，in addition，moreover，whats more 3）表示强调：as a matter of fact, indeed，in fact，obviously，undoubtedy 4）表示顺序（至少积累三组，用在大作文二三两段和小作文第二段） First(ly), In the first place, To begin with, First and foremost, Above all, On the one hand, For one thing,Second(ly), In the second place, Besides, In addition, What is more, Furthermore, Moreover, On the other hand, For anotherLast(ly)，（The）Last but not (the)least, More importantly, Even worse, On the one hand,On the other hand（正反论证）；For one thing,For another;More inportantly;even wrose3、（观点转折，反面论证） 1）表示对比或对照：by contrast, in contrast 2）表示比较：by comparison, in comparison, similarly 3）表示让步：admittedly, although，it is true (that) 4）表示转折：Nevertheless，Yet，instead4、文章结尾，归纳结论（至少积累三组，用于末端收据和二三段首句）1）表示结果As a result/consequence, Consequently, Accordingly, Thus, Hence, Generally/Briefly speaking3） 表示结论As has been noted(mentioned,stated)，in conclusion，to sum up，to summarize 第三节一、考研写作八大高分技巧1.大量使用不同主语：以2010年考题为例1) 名词：Multi-culture is vital. 2)人称代词： I maintain that multi-culture is crucial.3) 物称代词：It is essential.4) 动名词（短语）：(Promoting cultural development) is significant.5)不定式（短语）： (To promote cultural development) is of great importance.It is of great importance (to promote cultural development).6) 从句：(That we should promote cultural development) is of utmost significance. It is of utmost significance (that we should promote cultural development).2.大量使用被动语态：3. 大量使用主系表结构：主谓宾是口语，主系表是书面语 4.大量使用不同时态：一般现在时，现在进行时（用于图画描述），现在完成时，一般过去时（图表描述，举例论证），一般将来时（包装结尾，展望未来）5.大量使用定语状语： 1）形容词、副词： 2）词组：a great many /a large number of students the majority of students3）不定式： a student (to crack NETEM)4）介词短语： a student (in NOS)5）分词短语： (1) 现在分词短语： a student (being 22) (2) 过去分词短语： a student (born in Beijing) 6）从句：定语/状语从句6. 大量使用精彩词组：universally acknowledge 7. 大量使用精彩句型： It is universally acknowledged that （Pride and Prejudice） 8、大量使用精彩从句：小作文3-5个， 大作文5-7个，多多益善！ 1）定语、状语、宾语从句 2）主语、表语、同位语从句概括起来就是变化。二、范文学习五大步骤1.读透（十遍精读）语言：1）精彩词汇：文化融合blending，integration 2）精彩词组：多元文化muti-culture，plurastic culture，mosaic culture 3）精彩句型：普遍公认It is university acknowledge that 4）句子结构 简单句：主干（主谓宾），修饰成分（定状） 从句，时态，冠词，名词单复数，主谓一致结构5）段落结构：总分总（主题句加论证加小结） 6）关联词 7）同义替换：词汇+句型。以09年范文为例 a large number of, a good many are addicted to, indulged in, overindulgence on line, web, internet, BBS, MSN Messager separated, isolating, get alienated from others, beyond reach communicate, connecting, communication, discuss, chat, maintain face-to-face contact, approch others, direct contact 8）代词替换：it，that，they9）精彩观点10）论点论据论证 论点：首段尾句，二段首句，末段首句 论据：二段中间部分 2.造句Used it three times and its yours3.大声朗读4.背熟、5.运用三、图画作文万能框架 2000Directions:Study the following two pictures carefully and write an essay to A. describe the pictures, B. deduce the purpose of the drawer of the pictures, and C. suggest counter-measures. You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET II. A Brief History of World Commercial Fishing高分作文As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply decreased. In one picture, there were various kinds of fish and only one fishing-boat in 1900. On the contrary, in 1995 there was only one fish, but many fishing-boats. The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to the decrease of ocean resources. Owing to over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously decreased. If we let this situation go as it is, we wont know where fish is in the future. By that time, our environment will suffer a great destruction. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that the ocean resources are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also, I believe that we human beings can overcome this difficulty, and we will have a bright future. 分析：1. As is shown in the pictures, we can see clearly that with the increase of commercial fishing, the number of fishes sharply decreased. 总体描述（事物+动作）造句：(08)As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly that with the rapid(speedy) social and economic development，the number of the young(youth,young people) who help each other sharply increases. (09)As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly that with the rapid(speedy) social and economic development，the number of the young(youth,young people) who get on line sharply increases. (10) As is shown in the picture，we can see clearly that with the rapid(speedy) social and economic development，culture integration is becoming increasingly popular(prevalent).2. The purpose of the pictures is to show us that due(utmost) attention(importance, significance) has to(should, must) be paid(attached) to the decrease(decline, fall, reduction) of ocean resources. 启 主题句 中心思想 象征寓意3. Owing to(due to, because of) over-fishing, the number of fishes has obviously decreased(shrunk). 正面论证，因果4. If we let this situation go(continue) as it is, we wont know where fish will be in the (near, forthcoming) future. 反面论证造句：(08) The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to cooperation. Owing to selfishness(doting care), the number of adolescence cooperating with others has obviously shrunk. If we let this situation go as it is, we wont know how the juvnile could succeed in the future. By that time, our society will suffer a great destruction. (09) The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to communication. Owing to Internet, the number of adolescence directely communicating with others has obviously shrunk. If we let this situation go as it is, we wont know where real friendship and kinship will be in the future. By that time, our society will suffer a great destruction. (10) The purpose of this picture is to show us that due attention has to be paid to culture blending. Owing to globalization, the number of adolescence admiring western culture has obviously risen. If we let this situation go as it is, we wont know where our traditional culture in the future. By that time, our society will suffer a great destruction. 5. Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic(effective) measures(steps,actions). 结论句6. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make（legislate，enact，issue） strict laws (and regulations/rules) to control (regulate) commercial fishing. For another, we should enhance(cultivate, increase) the awareness(sense) of people that the ocean resources are very(extremely) vital to us. 两点建议，针对双方提建议 7. Only in this way can we protect our ocean resources. Also(Meanwhile, At the same time), I believe(assume, maintain, reckon) that we human beings can overcome(surmount) this difficulty, and we will have a brighter(more brilliant) future. 包装结尾，展望未来造句：(08) Therefore, it is imperative for us to take measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to encourage teenagers to associate with others. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that joint efforts(cooperative efforts) are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our youngsters. Also, I believe that we human beings can improve the present situation, and we will have a brighter future. (09) Therefore, it is imperative for us to take drastic measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make strict laws to control Internet. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that approaching others is very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our youngsters. Also, I believe that we human beings can improve the present situation, and we will have a brighter future. (10) Therefore, it is imperative for us to take measures. For one thing, we should appeal to our authorities to make laws to promote culture development. For another, we should enhance the awareness of people that multicultres are very vital to us. Only in this way can we protect our splended and gorgeous cultural heritage. Also, I believe that we human beings can improve the present situation, and we will have a brighter future. 第四节考研写作六大必考话题1. 健康：96，97 生理健康 心理健康 .保持乐观 悲观的 自杀 .进行体育锻炼 .均衡饮食 传染病2. 环境：91，99，00，09小 modern, government, environment, competition, opportunity 1999年范文From these graphs, we can draw a conclusion that with the growth of human population, the number of species has decreased rapidly in America, and some species have even vanished from our planet. （图表描述）Why does this phenomenon appear? I think there are several possible reasons for this. First, with the rapid growth of population, more and more people come to live where some wild species have been living. Then these species have to move to other places. Some of them probably cannot adapt to the new environment and die. Second, although many people look on the wildlife as their friends, some people may not think so. They catch a lot of wild animals and sell them in order to get more money. Third, with the development of the industry, the natural balance and the ecologic environment are destroyed. The deforestation has become more and more serious. So some of the wildlives become homeless and extinct. （因果论证）In order to protect the wildlife, I have some suggestions. First, the governments should make laws to prevent them from being caught and killed. Second, the governments should educate people to love the nature and protect it. Third, as for ourselves, we should take practical actions to protect our living environment. （建议措施）环境保护 保持生态平衡 可持续发展战略可持续性 sustainabilty 节能减排二氧化碳 温室效应 清洁可再生能源 clean renewable energy太阳能 solar energy核能 nuclear energy低碳经济乘坐公共交通工具 take public transport节水节电 save water and electricity少用一次性产品 use less disposable products滥砍滥伐 沙漠化 水土流失 沙尘暴 雪灾 气候变化 2010年春季/夏季中国西南地区遭受严重旱灾/水灾。The Southwest China was afflicted with severe drought/flood in the Spring/Summer of 2010.2010年4月14日青海省玉树地区发生了一场灾难性破坏性地震。A disastrous and destructive earthquake occurred in Yushu of Qinghai Province on April 14, 2010. 3. 爱心：95，01，06小1） 责任责任感承担逃避2） 奉献3） 职业道德（98）欺诈行为诚信 honesty伪劣产品4. 文化1） 文化交流（culture exchange）：02，10文化融合多元文化保存珍惜取其精华去其糟粕2） 流行文化（popular culture）：93，06，09偶像崇拜上网成瘾数码产品电子游戏手机入网手机短信5. 青年面对社会：03，04，07，081） 独立自立 self-dependence溺爱独生子女03年范文（可仿写04，07，08考题）It goes without saying that the drawings aim at revealing a common and serious problem in China: how to educate and cultivate the young. Lets take a closer look at the drawings. In an ideal condition, the flower blooms. But when moved out of the green house, it perishes under the rain and storm. It is obvious that the flower in greenhouse cant withstand wind and rains. Nowadays the young generation in China, like the flower in the greenhouse, live under the full protection from their parents. Parents want to show all their love to their children. They give their children all the best things they can afford and do not let their children do anything at home. Self-centeredness and arbitrariness have become a trait of the young generation. Once leaving their parents, many young people cannot make a living of their own. They get lost when stepping into the complex reality and cannot face any hardships and difficulties. （因果论证）Child education has become one of the most popular topics discussed not only by educational experts, but also by people in all walks of life. The failure of child education does more harm to the development of our society and our civilization than to the children themselves. Thus, its high time that parents, educators and the government made concerted efforts to put an end to this situation. （结论）2） 坚持成功创新奋斗精神拼搏精神人生观3） 信心：confidence金融危机就业07年范文(20篇之一)As we can see from the picture, a football match is going on. On guarding the goal, the man on the left seems to be keeping a huge goal that is easy and inevitable for a goal, while the person on the right hesitates to kick the ball with an illusion about the huge keeper. It is obvious that both of them exaggerate the difficulties in front of them. This picture/cartoon/drawing does reflect a thought-provoking social phenomenon which is not uncommon in China now. The young always give up because the problem is beyond their abilities to cope with. Superficially, it seems to be somewhat reasonable, but when weighing in the mind, we find there is an apparent tendency underlying this phenomenon: the lack of confidence. Firstly, it is well-known that we exist in a dynamic world with various difficulties. We can do nothing but face them. Secondly, attitude is the key point to take the first step. Assuming bravery and confidence to solve the problem, you will find the question is not as huge as you imagine. Take us for example, the entrance exam for graduate students even seems to be a horrible monster before us. Some people give up, some persist. So, with confidence and the fight assessment of the difficulties, try and exert your strength, and then we will overcome all problems. （因果+举例）On the whole, I believe we young people should face the difficulties in right manner. And nothing is impossible, just do it. 4） 合作：cooperation/teamwork团队精神齐心协力/众志成城6. 两代关系：92，93，05代沟新新人类老年人虐待 mistreat，maltreat，ill-treat(ment)赡养Many much-told stories reiterate this time-honored virtue of loving and respecting the elders, like the story of Ti Ying in the West Hart Dynasty who risked her life in order to save her wronged father from corporal punishment. 作业：背诵默写08范文，仿写09作文 As is vividly depicted in the picture, two disabled men are running fast through teamwork although each of them has only one leg. Obviously, it is teamwork that makes it possible for them to go anywhere they want to. Simple as it is, what the picture conveys to us is thought-provoking. With the development of economy and society, competition is becoming increasingly fierce. It is impossible for anyone to finish a work all by himself. Hence, people in mounting numbers put great emphasis on teamwork. In fact, it has been universally acknowledged that the ability of teamwork is the most essential qualification that anyone who wants to achieve success should possess. Accordingly, it is imperative for us to take some measures to enhance the sense of teamwork in our society. We should bear in mind that teamwork is of great significance to both our society and ourselves. Every one should have the ability of teamwork. Only in this way can we achieve success and only in this way can our society become more harmonious to live in. 第五节小作文包括：书信，告示，摘要一、书信格式 英语一重点是公务书信，英语二重点是私人书信书信写作原则：虚伪（客气），换位思考，合情合理 书信五大核心词：wish, would like to, would, could, please