高中英语必修三第五单元知识点和学习情态动词.doc

XXXX教育学科教师辅导讲义讲义编号学员编号： 年 级： 高 一 课时数： 学员姓名： 辅导科目： 英 语 学科教师： 学科组长/带头人签名及日期 学员家长签名及日期课 题英语必修三第五单元知识点和学习情态动词授课时间： 备课时间： 教学目标复习Book3Unit5词汇和知识点以及学习情态动词重点、难点重点知识点的巩固和情态动词的掌握考点及考试要求重点词汇和知识点及情态动词的用法教学内容 Part1. 作业检查： Homework review 2. 听写第四单元单词Part 复习Book3 Unit5词汇和知识点 重点词汇1. rather than. 是而不是；与其不如；不愿典例1). He ran rather than walked. 他是跑的而不是走的。2).Rather than allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price与其让蔬菜烂掉，他半价把它们卖掉。重点用法do A rather than do B = rather than do B, sb. does A 某人不做B却做A A rather than B 是A而不是B would rather do A than do B = would do A rather than do B 宁可做A而不做Bprefer to do A rather than do B 最喜欢做A而不做Bwould rather sb. did/had done sth. 宁愿某人做某事注意：rather than表示客观事实，它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to 的不定式。 练习 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。1). He came running all the way _ _walking. 2). Rather than _ (ride) on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ (ride) a bicycle. 3). I d rather you _ _ (not come) yesterday.4). She likes to keep things in the house _ _ throw them away, though many are useless.5). I think Tom, _ _ you, _ _ _ (blame).6). 他宁愿死也不愿在街上乞讨。_2. settle down 舒适地坐下或躺下；（使）安静、安顿、安心；习惯於新的生活方式/工作等典例1). She settled down in an armchair to read her book. 她舒适地坐在单座沙发上看书。2). When are you going to marry and settle down? 你什麽时候结婚过上安定生活?短语归纳 与settle相关的短语：settle down to 使某人安下心来做 settle (down) in . 在定居下来settle a dispute/an argument/an issue 解决一争端/争论/问题 练习 根据句子意思及要求填空或翻译。1). Something is disturbing him, so he can t _ _ _ (安下心来) his work.2). He finally settled down to _ (do) his homework. 3). They have finally _ _ _ Canada.3. catch sight of 看见；瞥见 典例 He was happy to catch sight of an eagle flying in the sky. 见到一只鹰在天上飞，他很高兴。短语归纳 sight短语：lose sight of 看不见；不再看见 keep sight of 使能看得到；保持看得到的距离 at (the) sight of 一看到（就）in/within sight 可以看见；在视线内out of sight 看不见；在视线外have good/poor sight/eyesight 视力好/差练习 用sight的短语填空。1)._ _ _ his mother, the boy stopped crying.2).She watched the train until it went _ _ _. 3).I _ _ _ my former teacher just now, but very soon he turned a corner and I _ _ _ him.4).Be sure to _ _ _ your luggage while you re at the airport.4. have a gift for. 对有天赋典例 1). He has a gift for music. 他有音乐天才。2). You have the gift/talent to learn foreign languages. 你有学外语的天赋。重点用法have a gift for (doing) sth.= have the gift to do sth. 对有天赋；有做某事的才能a man of excellent gifts一个非常有才华的人 a gifted/telented person 一个有天赋的、有才华的人练习 翻译句子。1). 他天生有着讲故事的才能。_2).我羡慕他有着作为老师的天赋。 _ 5. in the distance 在远处；在远方典例 1). We can see the mountain in the distance. 我们从远处就可以看到那座山。2). Night fell. The hills in the distance turned dark blue. 夜色渐近，远山变成了深蓝色。短语归纳 distance短语：at a distance隔一段距离；距离稍远一些from a distance从远方keep a distance别靠近keep sb. at a distance对某人保持疏远练习 用distance的短语或介词填空。1). We can see a windmill _ the distance.2).The picture looks better _ a distance. 3). He was asked many times to join the party, but he always _ _ _.6. as far as 远到，直到；至于典例 1). I ll walk with you as far as the post office. 我陪你走到邮局。2). I ve read as far as the third chapter. 我已读到第三章了。短语归纳 far短语：as/so far as sb. knows 就某人所知 as far as sb. can see/tell/ remember 就某人看来/所说/所记得as/so far as sb/sth is concerned 就某人/事物而言far from sth 毫不；一点也不； 远非So far, so good. (谚) 到目前为止，一切都很顺利。练习 用far的短语填空。1). _ _ _ _ _ (对我个人来说), you can do what you like.2).The problem is _ _ _ (绝非易事). 3). We ll go by train _ _ _ (直到) London, and then take a bus. 重点句子（旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres. 那里空气湿润，因而树木长得相当高，有的超过90米。解释1. so.that 如此以致于，后跟结果状语从目，常用too to或enough to来变为简单句，如：She was so angry that she couldn t say a word. = . 她太气愤以致于说不出话来。辨析：so.that与such.that：so.that与such.that意思一致，that均引导结果状从句，但是so为副词，such为形容词，所以二者所接词不一样的。 so +adj. / adv. + that从句或so +adj. + a(n) + 单名+ that从句She is so good a teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。 such + adj. + 复名 + that从句或such + a(n) + 单名+ that从句She is such a good teacher that we all love her. 她是一位如此好老师以致于我们都爱她。They are such naughty boys that they often make mistakes. 他们是如此淘气以致于经常犯错误。提示：在so十muchmanylittlefew + n. +that从句结构中，little当“少”讲，接在so之后，但当little当“小”讲时，应接在such之后。如：They are such little children that they can t look after themselves.他们是那么小的孩子还不能自理。Our team played so well that we won the game. = Our team played well enough to win the game.我们的球队踢得真好，结果赢得了比赛。 解释2. some measuring over 90 metres 是独立主格结构：独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分构成，在语法上是一个独立的短语，不是句子，相当于状语从句，可表示时间、原因、条件、行为、方式或伴随情况。其构成：名词(代词) + 现在分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语，如：(1) 作时间状语 The meeting over, they left the hall.(2) 作原因状语 My watch having been lost, I didnt know what time it was.(3) 作条件状语 Time permitting, I shall go to the cinema with you.(4) 描述伴随行为或补充说明 Mary entered the room, his hands in his pockets. 练习 根据句子意思完成句子或翻译。1). She is _ lovely a girl _ all pf us like very much.2). They are _ little worms _we can t see them with our eyes.3). The test _ (finish), we began our holiday.4). Weather _ (permit), we are going to visit you tomorrow.5). He came into the room, his ears _ _ _ (冻得发紫).6). He came out of the library, a book _ _ _ (夹在胳膊下).2. There is more fresh water in Canada than in any other country in the world. 加拿大的淡水量比世界上其他任何一个都多。解释 (1) 用比较级表示最高级，同一范围内比较时，常用“主语+动词+比较级+than any other+单名”或“主语+动词+比较级+than any of the other+复名”。(2) 不同范围内比较，常用“主语+动词+比较+than any+单名”。练习 句子翻译。1). 他是班里最高的。_2). 中国比非洲任何一个国家都大。Part PracticeExercise 1 据句意及所给单词首字母或汉语意思完成下列句子.1. China is in Asia, one of the seven c_ on the earth.2. The house was s_ by high walls.3. In those days, mothers usually t_ the babies by telling stories of wolf or ghosts.4. Chinas former Prime M_, Zhu Rongji stressed the need for equality and fairness in the world at the Earth Summit.5. We must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we c_ to develop the world successfully.6. They couldnt wait to stop to admire the _ (风景) on arriving the park.7. Im _ (极其,非常)sorry for the delay.8. We must reach the _ (港口) before sunset in case of the bad weather.9. He is going to _ (竞赛,比赛) against his old rival in the second round.10. Not having seen each other for ages, they found it difficult to make _ (交谈).Exercise 2 根据句意, 用所给的词或词组的最恰当形式填空(注意有多余选项)flow into, figure out, do well in, be ready to, spend, take, at dawn, at noon, as/so far as, as well as, in size, at least1. He grows flowers _ vegetables, so he can save much money to buy from the market.2. They started _, hoping to arrive before 10:00 am.3. Offers of help _ the homeless people because of the tsunami.4. _ I can see that is impossible.5. I cant _ how much the holiday will cost before it ends.6. My house is the same as hers _.7. She may be slow, but _ shes reliable (可靠的).8. Ive got changed, so I _ start work at any time.9. Take trouble to _ your examination despite you are good at it or not.10. Although he is a man, he _ too much time on clothes. Grammar 名词性从句（2） 三表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有thereasonisthat和Itisbecause等结构。例如：1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.2)Thisiswhywecantgetthesupportofthepeople.3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.4)Thereasonheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.四同位语从句同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。1.同位语从句的功能：同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，if, which 不能引导同位语从句. 例如：1)Thekingsdecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral.2.同位语在句子中的位置：同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.3.同位语从句与定语从句的区别(1)定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时可以在从句中作某个成分（主语或宾语），而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如： 1)ThenewsthathetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国（第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）2) ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadistoldbyhim汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。（同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分）二、引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether, if（不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.连接副词：when,where,how,why一、That（that与what的区别见PPT）由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用，在从句中不担任任何成分，本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语，例如：Thatheisstillaliveissheerluck.他还活着全靠运气。JohnsaidthathewasleavingforLondononWednesday.约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.事实是近来谁也没有见过他。that用于引导名词性从句时，要注意其可省略或不可省略的情况。1. 在主语从句中 经常用it作形式主语，而将真正主语从句置于句末，在这种情况下，that一般不可省略。例如： It is certain that he will succeed.他会成功是确定的。2. 在宾语从句中 - 常省略：当主句的谓语动词是think， suppose， believe， dare， say等心理活动意义的动词时，宾语从句的引导词that通常要省略。例如： I supposed they had finished all the work. 省不省都可：(1) 若主句的谓语动词是hear， know，say， consider， understand， propose， be told等时，that可省略也可不省略。例如： I heard (that) she had joined the army already. 我听说她已参军了。(2) 某些系动词+形容词的系表结构之后，可带that引导的宾语从句， 此时， that可省略也可不省略。例如： I am delighted (that) you have got high grades in school. 不可省略 ：(1) 若主句的谓语动词是appear， agree，learn， suggest， observe等时，that通常不可省略。例如： We agreed that all the students must plant trees in the park. (2) 在少数介词之后可带that引导的宾语从句，这时，介词+that已成为习惯搭配，且具有独特的含义，为此，不可省略that。如：in that在于；因为，but that要不是.，except that除了.等。例如：The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more. （3）在动词+it+宾语+that从句结构中，我们用it作形式宾语而将that引导的真正宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，这种结构中的that不可省略。例如： I heard it said that he had gone abroad. 二、if,whether引导的名词从句1）yes-no型疑问从句从属连词if,whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的，因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句，其功能和wh-从句的功能相同，例如：Whethertheplanisfeasibleremainstobeproved.这一计划是否可行还有待证实。Letusknowwhether/ifyoucanfinishthearticlebeforeFriday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。2）选择性疑问从句选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whetheror或whetherornot构成，例如：Pleasetellmewhether/iftheyareSwedishorDanish.请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。Idontcarewhetheryouliketheplanornot.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。whether与if均为是否的意思。但在下列情况下，whether不能被if取代：1.whether引导主语从句且在句首，如：Whetherhewillcomeisnotclear.2.引导表语从句3.whether从句作介词宾语4.从句后有ornot大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末，用it充当形式主语。Itisnotimportantwhowillgo.Itisstillunknownwhichteamwillwinthematch.三、名词性wh-从句1）由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who,whom,whose,whoever,what,whatever,which,whichever等连接代词和where,when,how,why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外，还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等，例如：Theclubwillgive winsaprize.俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。Shewillnamehim shewantsto.她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。I whenhewillreturn.我不知道他什么时候回来。Thatdependson .那取决于我们去哪儿。2）Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语，而将wh-从句置于句末，例如：Itisnotyetdecided .还没决定谁做这项工作。Itremainsunknown 他们何时结婚依然不明。1: _ help if you can, and our country will improve more quickly and better. A. Giving B. Give C. Given D. To give 2: -I will take an umbrella with me today. -_ it rains later on in the day? A. How B. What C. How about D. What if 3: Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of that 4; After ten years, she changed a lot and look different from _ he used to be. A. that B. whom C. what D. who 5: _ is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What 6: Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane. A. Where B. which C. while D. why 7: Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. A. while B. that C. when D. as 8: What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon. A. when B. how C. whether D. what 9: _ air is to man, so is water to fish. A. since B. Just C. Like D. As 10: There is plenty of rain in the south _ there is little in the north. A. while B. as C. when D. so 11: _several times about it, but he could not give the correct answer. A. Being asked B. Having been asked C. he would ask D. He had been asked 12: _ the days went on, the situation there got worse. A. With B. Since C. While D. As 13: _everybody is here, lets set out right away. A. With B. Since C. while D. As 14: The science of medicine, _ progress has been very rapid lately, is perhaps the most important of all the sciences. A. to which B. in which C. which D. with which 15: We must do the experiment carefully_ Miss Liu told us. A. what B. since C. as D. while 16: Tony will never forget these days _ she lived in China with her mother, _ has a great effect on her life. A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; that 17: _ I know, they will go to Beijing to watch the Olympic Games in 2008. A. Since B. so far as C. In case D. As if 18: -What are you anxious about? -_. A. Whether we can succeed B. If we succeed C. do we succeed D. That we can succeed19: You should put the dictionary _ you can find it easily. A. where B. the place C. the place on which D. what 20: She said to me, “Ill tell you the result of the test _ I know it.” A. because B. the moment C. after D. though 21: Grandpa used to tell us something about the “Cultural Revolution” _ he had time to spare. A. as soon as B. as C. so that D. whenever 22: Li Fang is very busy, _ shes always helping others with their lessons. A. but B. although C. so D. for 23: Getting a right job can be difficult _ the students _ prepared to deal with the job interview. A. if; wont B. unless; will C. unless; are D. if; are 24: Everything depends on _ they will support you about it. A. if B. which C. whether D. that 25: She won the first prize in the speech contest and _ surprised us. A. which B. it C. as D. who 26: The Oscar is one of the film prizes _ offered to any Chinese actor or actress so far. A. which is not B. that have not been C. that has not D. that has not been 27: He made another wonderful discovery, _ of great important to science. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think is 28: Its really very dangerous. One more step, _ the baby will fall into the well. A. or B. so C. but D. and 29: She is American, _ she knows little about American history. A. so B. yet C. and D. therefore 30: Information technology is taught in most school, _ we have entered the information society. A. so B.while C. still D for 31: It was quite a long time _ I made it out what had happened. A. after B. before C. when D. since 32: _ the text a second time, the meaning will become cleaner to you. A. Read B. Reading C. if reading D. When you read 33: _, so he didnt come to school last week. A. Though he was ill B. Being ill C. Having been ill D. He was ill 34: She tried every way _she could find to solve the problem. A. how B. in which C. that D. which 35: Lily has some idea_ shes going to be when she grows up. A. what B. that C. as D. which 36: _ you go, you should bear the motherland in mind. A. Where B. Whenever C. However D. Wherever Part Homework1: They are teachers and dont realize _ to start and run a company. A. what takes it B. what they took C. what it takes D. what takes them 2: In order to encourage the workers to work hard, the manager decides to award _ produces the most in the factory. A. who B. whom C. whomever D. whoever 3: On stepping into the office, the girl was frightened to find that the whole office was fill with _ looked like tiny worms. A. that B. something C. what D. anything 4: _Tom was worried about seemed clearly to the whole family. A. That B. Which C. That D. How