新型建材、路用材料、沥青、黑白料、聚氨酯材料的外加剂、表面活性剂和添加剂 开发与使用推广.doc

Interactions between shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) and cement pastes pore solutionCement and Concrete ResearchShrinkage reducing admixtures (SRA) have been developed to combat shrinkage cracking in concrete elements. While SRA has been shown to have significant benefits in reducing the magnitude of drying and autogenous shrinkage, it has been reported that SRA may cause a negative side effect as it reduces the rate of cement hydration and strength development in concrete. To examine the influence of SRA on cement hydration, this study explores the interactions between SRA and cement pastes pore solution. It is described that SRA is mainly composed of amphiphilic (i.e., surfactant) molecules that when added to an aqueous solution, accumulate at the solutionair interface and can significantly reduce the interfacial tension. However, these surfactants can also self-aggregate in the bulk solution (i.e., micellation) and this may limit the surface tension reduction capacity of SRA. In synthetic pore solutions, SRA is observed to form an oilwatersurfactant emulsion that may or may not be stable. Specifically, at concentrations above a critical threshold, the mixture of SRA and pore fluid is unstable and can separate into two distinct phases (an SRA-rich phase and an SRA-dilute phase). Further, chemical analysis of extracted pore solutions shows that addition of SRA to the mixing water depresses the dissolution of alkalis in the pore fluid. This results in a pore fluid with lower alkalinity which causes a reduction in the rate of cement hydration. This may explain why concrete containing SRA shows a delayed setting and a slower strength development.New developments in chemical modification of fire-safe rigid polyurethane foams商城卖场的防火泡沫/塑料材料的化学成分改进和新开发Polymer Degradation and StabilityThis work reports the preparation of polyurethanepolyisocyanurate (PURPIR) foams containing different amounts of flame retardants (FRs) and a layered silicate nanoclay. An environmentally friendly blowing agent, a mixture of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluorobutane and 1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane (HFC 365/227), with small amount of water was used. The flame retarded PURPIR foams showed better fire resistance in comparison to classical PUR and unmodified PURPIR foams without deterioration of their functional properties. It was observed that when nanoclay was used in conjunction with flame retardants containing reactive bromine and phosphorus compounds, and zinc stannate, the flammability was significantly reduced. Expandable graphite was also used in some samples. As control samples for reference purposes three foam systems without any flame retardant were frothed: PUR, PURPIR and foams PURPIR modified by carbodiimide groups.Influence of a combination of expansive and shrinkage-reducing admixture on autogenous deformation and self-stress of silica fume high-performance concrete房屋结构与建筑学学报 Construction and Building Materials高性能水泥外加剂的作用High-performance concrete (HPC) is characterized by its low water-to-cementitious materials (w/cm) and improved properties but also it exhibits high internal capillary tensile stress because the development of autogenous shrinkage which could result in early-age cracking risk and premature deterioration. Since the use of HPC in structural elements has gained wide acceptance in the last decades, the large magnitude of early-age autogenous strains and stresses has to be mitigated to enhance the durability of concrete structure. In this paper, internal stress development induced during the development of autogenous shrinkage strains, especially at early-age was investigated on three different types of HPC cured with a combination of two shrinkage-compensating admixtures. Binary HPC made with blended cement containing 10% of silica fume (SF) has been used with three different low (w/c+sf) of 0.15, 0.23, and 0.30. Shrinkage-reducing agent (SRA) and an expansive additive (EXA) were combined and added to the HPC mixtures to minimize autogenous shrinkage magnitude. The results indicate that the greater the autogenous shrinkage developed, the higher the induced internal tensile stress. It has been found that for the reference mixes, more than 90% of the ultimate magnitude of both autogenous shrinkage and self-tensile stress was developed during the first 24h. However, the addition of a combination of SRA and EXA has resulted in a significant reduction and a gradual development of both autogenous shrinkage and self-tensile stress as compared to the rapid development and large magnitude in the reference concretes. Moreover, a high dimensional stability was obtained for the 0.30 and 0.23 HPC mixtures containing the combination of expansive and shrinkage-reducing admixtures. On the other hand, a slight decrease of the compressive, of the splitting tensile strengths and the modulus of elasticity was observed.Influence of shrinkage-reducing admixtures on the reduction of plastic shrinkage cracking in concrete水泥添加剂/塑料添加剂的减震/防爆裂的性能/作用/效果/影响的研究与实证Cement and Concrete Research 水泥研究学学报Fresh concrete exposed to high evaporation rates is prone to plastic shrinkage cracking, especially in structures with large surface area/volume ratios. The present work shows that the reduction of the surface tension of the mixing water is an effective way for decreasing such cracking. In this study, conventional and high strength concretes with superplasticizers and shrinkage reducing admixtures (SRAs) were exposed to drying in the plastic state. Continuous monitoring of the surface displacement facilitated the identification of the different stages of plastic shrinkage cracking. Measurements of capillary pressure, settlement, internal temperature and evaporation rate were also made. The results show the effectiveness of SRAs in reducing plastic shrinkage cracking, even in high strength concrete. This is attributed to the reduction in the evaporation rate, delay of the peak capillary pressure due to the development of menisci in the pores and lower settlement.Momentive opens polyurethane additives laboratory in Germany德国的新型建材外加剂开放式实验室 工作运行与管理模式Additives for PolymersSpeciality materials firm Momentive Performance Materials is opening an R&D and technical service laboratory in Leverkusen, Germany, for its Niax and Geolite urethane additives. The new facility includes foam prototyping capabilities and a comprehensive physical testing lab. The company has four existing urethane additives R&D labs, two in the USA and one each in China and Japan.Development and characterization of a new polyampholytesurfactant complex applied to the solid phase extraction of bisphenol-A表面添加剂/活化剂的开发和特性控制TalantaThis paper presents a material that has both hydrophilic and hydrophobic domains, obtained by combination of a polyampholyte with a surfactant. This material was fully characterized by different spectroscopic techniques and microscopy. Bisphenol-A (BPA) was chosen as a model molecule to study the interaction with compounds of intermediate polarity. We explored the kinetics and equilibrium of BPA on the surface of the polyampholytesurfactant complex and found a significantly high loading capacity (2.02mmolg1) and complete binding from solutions at concentration levels below 100molL1. The complex was encapsulated in agarose gel to be used as solid phase for extraction of BPA from food simulants in contact with polycarbonate bottles under different treatments. Bisphenol was preconcentrated, extracted and analysed by liquid chromatography with an amperometric detector. The instrumental detection limit of the technique was 10gL1, which was lowered to 0.14gL1 by the preconcentration step. The BPA released from baby bottles was 2.1ngcm2 (n1: 0.1) in the first use with distilled water.Modeling, analysis of interaction effects of several chemical additives on the strength development of silicate cement建模、分析和交互式仿真与试验：水泥化学添加剂的力学性能改善效用 添加剂开发The interaction effects of several chemical additives such as triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, chloride and a type of monosaccharide on the strength development of silicate cement were investigated and were quantified by the design of experiment (DoE). Results showed triethanolamine was effective only for the 1d strength enhancement of cement. Triisopropanolamine, which weakened 1d, 3d strength and slightly enhanced 28d strength of cement when it was singly incorporated, was effective with the combination of monosaccharide and their interaction effects strongly contributed the strength enhancement on 3d and 28d. The effect of chloride on 3d strength of cement was strengthened by the interaction with monosaccharide. Monosaccharide can promote the effects of triisopropanolamine and chloride on 3d and 28d strength enhancement despite their interaction effects were determined by different concentration levels. It concluded that it was possible to replace chloride by the correctly formulated alkanolaminemonosaccharide combination to guarantee the strength enhancement of cement on all curing ages.Monitoring of organochlorine pesticides using PFU systems in Yunnan lakes and rivers, ChinaPolyurethane foam unit (PFU) systems were collected from 11 lakes and three rivers in the Yunnan Plateau, China and, the PFU extrusion liquids were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GCECD). The concentrations of pp-DDE, HCB and HCHs were undetectable to 1.86gl1 (mean 0.27gl1), undetectable to 0.72gl1 (mean 0.11gl1), and 0.2421.95gl1 (mean 7.39gl1) respectively in lakes; and those in rivers were undetectable to 0.23gl1 (mean 0.08gl1), 0.682.93gl1 (mean 1.70gl1), and 2.7137.56gl1 (mean 17.01gl1) respectively. Notably, some residue levels of OCPs exceeded the US National Recommended Water Quality Criteria, implying Yunnan has levels of OCPs potentially harmful to human health. Further, the contamination by OCPs showed an obvious spatial distribution pattern. Amongst the lakes, Dianchi, Xingyun, Lugu and Yangzonghai had the highest OCP levels dominated by -HCH, whereas among rivers, Nujiang and Lancang Rivers had the highest contents of OCPs dominated by -HCH. This demonstrates that HCHs are the predominant contaminants and some point sources of HCHs may still exist in Yunnan. The pollution levels in Yunnan were compared with other studies, suggesting the PFU method is suitable for long-term on-line monitoring of trace OCPs in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, continuous studies monitoring OCPs in lakes and rivers are needed to further understand the future trend of contamination.湖泊的塑料/泡沫材料污染对环境的影响监控与化学治理Material performance lessons矿物质外加剂/添加剂对于水泥的影响：对照表与说明The use of advanced technologies applying chemical and mineral admixtures, combined with conventional raw materials, can provide cost effective solutions to meet many of the challenges facing the concrete industry, especially with respect to production of cost effective durable structures, without the necessity of application of exotic new cementitious systems. The mechanisms controlling the performance of such concretes and the concepts of mix design are generally understood. Yet, in spite of this know-how, the performance on site frequently fails to meet the potential of these concretes. Some of the causes for this gap are associated with the influence of field practices which are often ignored, as well as the dependence on specifying and monitoring of concrete quality only on strength. The present paper discusses the various parameters and strategies which need and can be considered to change this state of affairs: quantifying the limitations of strength based specifications for durability, use of models and laboratory tests to optimize mix design for durability by considering expected curing effects, sensitivity of mineral additives to provide durability enhancement in different types of exposure conditions, as well as prediction of cracking which is based on quantifying the development of residual stresses in structures at early ages.The structural behavior and design methodology for a new building system consisting of glass fiber reinforced gypsum panels平面/平板/棚类建筑系统/房屋材料的组成与结构动态行为分析设计 玻璃纤维在组成成分中的作用及其影响 方法与实验参数对照取用表Glass fiber reinforced gypsum (GFRG) walls are prefabricated large gypsum panels with hollow cores. Developed in Australia in the early 1990s and subsequently adopted by other countries, including China and India, this material is used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings. GFRG walls are used both architecturally and structurally as walls and slabs, with no columns and beams required. They have already found wide application, even without mature structural design codes, largely because of their environmental friendliness. In India, GFRG walls have been approved by the World Bank as being eligible for Carbon Credits under the Kyoto Protocol. GFRG panels are a composite material consisting of gypsum plaster and glass fibers. When the cavities are filled with reinforced concrete, the interaction between the concrete and the GFRG panels produces another composite. As a result, the structural behavior of GFRG walls and the associated building system are more complicated than that of conventional structural systems. This paper presents the results of extensive experimental and theoretical investigations into the structural behavior of GFRG walls, and offers a structural design methodology for GFRG walls and the associated building system.Characteristics of lightweight aggregates from primary and recycled raw materials轻型循环使用可回收的建筑材料特性 原料与粗料的收集和提供来源In the following, a brief survey of mineral lightweight granules manufactured on the basis of a wide variety of constituents is given. After that, research projects conducted at the Tomsk Polytechnic University (Russian Federation) and Bauhaus University Weimar (Germany) are introduced that focus on the development of lightweight aggregates from new raw materials sources. In Tomsk, zeolitic rocks were used, while the investigations in Weimar concentrated on the sand fraction of masonry rubble mixed with autoclaved aerated concrete.锂电池低碳添加剂Development of carbon conductive additives for advanced lithium ion batteriesPower SourcesThe newly developed conductive carbon blacks C-NERGY Super C65 and C-NERGY Super C45 were studied with regard to the