中英双语版常见光源的色温、显色性及眩光.doc

常见光源的色温、显色性及眩光Common source color temperature, color and glare所有固体、液体和气体如果达到足够高的温度，都会发射出可见光。白炽灯中的固体钨约在3000K时的炽热发光，这是我们最为熟悉的人造光源。通常是随着辐射体的温度升高而提高，辐射光色从暗红，经过桔黄、发白，然后是炽兰。这样色温也随着辐射体的温度升高而提高。这是遵循斯蒂芬波尔兹曼定律：绝对黑体的能量亮度与物体绝对温度的四次方成正比。All solid, liquid and gas if the temperature is high enough, emit visible light. Incandescent lamp in the solid tungsten approximately in3000K glowing, this is our most familiar with the artificial light. Is usually as its temperature rises, the radiation from the dark red color, with orange, white, and blue is blazing. So color temperature with the radiator temperature rises. This is followed by Stephen Boltzmanns Law: absolute blackbody energy brightness and the object is proportional to the absolute temperature of four.1 色温1 color temperature将一标准黑体加热，随着温度升高黑体的颜色开始沿着深红-浅红-橙-黄-白-蓝逐渐改变，当某光源发出的光的颜色与标准黑体处于某温度的颜色相同时，我们将黑体当时的绝对温度称为光源的色温，以绝对温度K来表示。A standard blackbody heating, with the increase of the temperature blackbody color begins along the crimson - red - Orange - yellow - white - blue change gradually, when the light emitted by the light source color and standard blackbody under certain temperature color phase at the same time, we will be the absolute temperature blackbody was called the source color temperature, to the absolute temperature K to represent.基本色如下表所示：Basic color as shown in the following table色温光色气氛效果大于5000K清凉（带蓝的白色）清冷的感觉u 三基色荧光灯u 水银灯3300-5000K左右中间（接近自然光）无明显视觉心理效果u 三基色荧光灯u 金卤灯小于3300K温暖（带桔花的白色）温暖的感觉u 白炽灯u 石英卤素灯2 显色性2color光源对物体本身颜色呈现的程度称为显色性，也就是颜色逼真的程度，显色性高的光源对颜色表现较好，我们所见到的颜色也就接近自然色，显色性低的光源对颜色再现较差，我们所见到的颜色偏差也较大，用显色指数（Ra）表示。国际照明委员会CIE把太阳的显色指数定为100，各类光源的显色指数各有相同，如：高压钠灯的显色指数为Ra=23，荧光灯管显色指数Ra=60-90。显色指数越接近100，显色性就越好。Source object to itself the color degree called color, is color fidelity degree, high color rendering light source on the color performance is better, the colors we see is close to the natural color, the color of the light source on the color reproduction is low, we see the color deviation is larger, with color rendering index ( Ra ) said. International Commission on illumination CIE sun color index is 100, various types of light color index each have the same, such as: high pressure sodium lamp color index Ra = 23, fluorescent lamp color index Ra =60-90. Color index is closer to100, the color of the better.如下图：不同显色指数下的物体所呈现出来的效果；The following chart: different color index of objects under the effect of;很好 较好 普通Ra=100 80Ra90 60RaRa80印刷、食品分检、油漆、店铺、饭店等80Ra60机电装配、表面处理、控制室、办公室、百货等 60Ra40机械加工、热处理、铸造等40Ra20仓库、大件金属库等3 颜色显色性和照度3 color color and illuminance光源的显色指数与照度一起决定环境的视觉清晰度。研究表明，在照度和显色指数之间存在一种平衡关系。从广泛的实验中得到的结果是：用显色指数Ra90的灯照明办公室，就其外观的满意程度来说，要比用显色指数低的灯（Ra90lighting office, its appearance satisfaction degree, than with low color rendering index of the lamp ( Ra 60) the office lighting, illuminance values can be reduced more than 25%. Note that for a good visual appearance, if for energy-saving and the indoor illuminance is reduced to make the visual function deterioration level, it would be incorrect. It should be possible to choose the best color index and high luminous efficiency of the light source with appropriate illumination, so that at a minimum energy cost to obtain a good visual appearance.4 眩光评价方法4glare evaluation method在视野范围内有亮度极高的物体，或亮度对比过大，或空间和时间上存在极端的对比，就可引起不舒适的视觉，或造成视功能下降，或同时产生这两种效应的现象，称为眩光。眩光是影响照明质量的最重要因素。In the view range with high brightness of objects, or luminance contrast is too big, or space and time in extreme contrast, can cause uncomfortable visual, or cause visual function decline, or at the same time the generation of the two effects of the phenomenon, called glare. Glare is the most important factor affecting the quality of lighting.从眩光的作用来看可分直接眩光和反射眩光，直接眩光是在观察物体的方向或接近这一方向内存在发光体所引起的眩光。反射眩光是发光体的镜面反射，特别是在观察物体方向或接近这一方向出现镜面反射所引起的眩光。From the glare of the role can be divided into direct glare and reflection glare, direct glare is observed in the orientation of an object or close to the direction of memory in the luminous body caused by the glare. Glare is a luminous body of the specular reflection, especially in the observed object or close to the direction of mirror reflection caused by glare.眩光按其效应又可分为失能眩光和不舒适眩光。失能眩光又称为生理眩光，这种眩光会妨碍对物体的视看效果，使视功能下降，但它不一定引起不舒适。不舒适眩光又称为心理眩光，这种眩光使人不舒适，但它不一定妨碍对物体的视觉功能效果。Glare by its effect can be divided into the glare and discomfort glare. Disability glare is also called physiological glare glare, which prevents the objects in the visual look at the results, the visual function decline, but it does not necessarily cause uncomfortable. Discomfort glare is also called psychological glare glare, which makes people uncomfortable, but it does not necessarily preclude the object of visual function effect.表2 眩光标准分类眩光指数GI眩光标准分类10勉强感到有眩光16可以接受的眩光19眩光临界值22不舒适的眩光28不能忍受的眩光表3 眩光限制等级眩光等级G眩光分类0 没眩光1不存在和轻微眩光之间2轻微眩光3厉害眩光4厉害和不能忍受眩光之间5不能忍受眩光根据试验，对眩光程度的感觉，仅4种因素值得考虑According to the test, to glare level feeling, only 4 kinds of factors to be considered（1）灯具亮度；(1) lamp brig