cet-4长难句分析四级新题型new.doc

Cet-4 长难句分析与练习0：Warm-up It means using micro-electronics, telecommunication networks, and fiber optics to help produce, store, obtain and send information by way of words, numbers, pictures and sound more quickly and efficiently than ever before. Cable television which in many countries now gives a choice of dozens of channels will soon be used to protect our homes by operating burglar and ire alarms linked to police and fire stations. Chinas entry into the WTO will have profound ramifications(影响) for the country, binding her to international trading rules and encouraging foreign firms to invest by providing a system less based on rule by the idiosyncrasies(癖好) of an official and more on transparent laws and regulations. Clinton was so impressed with her that after the election, he offered her the post of U.S. ambassador to the United Nations. These ambitions faded out, each in its turn; but the ambition to be a steamboat man always remained.：按照成分分为5种基本句型 1：主+ 系+ 表 The idea sounds interesting. The pizza tastes nice. 注：常见系动词有：look, seem, appear, sound, feel, taste, smell, grow, get, fall, become, turn等。 2：主+ 谓(vi) They listen to very carefully. They have been singing and dancing for a whole night. 3：主+ 谓(vt)+ 宾 She seldom showed her feelings. He would collect as many stamps as possible. 4：主+ 谓(vt)+ 宾 + 宾 Can you spare me a few minutes of your valuable time? The president didnt show the boy anything. 注：这类动词有：give, tell, bring, leave, pass, take, show, teach, lend, buy等。 5：主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补 The students elected John monitor of their class. My father saw him steal the money. 注：此类及物动词有：appoint, elect, find, feel, like, warn, see, keep, need, make, prefer等。：按照结构分为3种句型 1：简单句 You can add any color to the picture. She likes all kinds of fruit and will have an apple after supper. 2：并列句 She is 60, but she does not look old at all. 连词有and, so, yet, or, still, while, for, not only but also, neithernor, otherwise等。 3：复合句 When the meeting is to be held has not been decided. It is well-known that the moon moves round the earth. 主语从句，主从连词（that, whether, if），连接代词（who, whom, whose, what, which），连接副词(when, where, why, how)。it形式主语。 The question is how information is stored in the long-term memory.(表语从句) The students asked why some words were so difficult to remember.We find it hard that she will accept our invitation to the party.（宾语从句。“主+ 谓+ 宾+ 宾补”中，常用it形式宾语）I have an idea that no personal call is permitted here.(同位语从句，主句中较抽象的词belief, news, fact, idea, doubt, evidence)At the time when I saw him, he was well.(定语从句)状语从句有：时间：连词，when, whenever, as, while, before, after, since, as soon as, until, once名词副词the moment, the instant, every time, instantly, directly等。Come and see me whenever you have time.地点：连词where, whereverMy hometown lies where the two rivers meet.原因：连词because, as, since, for, now that, in thatNow that all are present, lets start the discussion.结果：连词that, so that, so that, such thatIt is such a high altitude that we could hardly see anything.目的：连词that, so that, in order that, lestLets take the front seats so that we see more clearly.条件：连词if, unless, suppose, supposing, provided(that), providing (that), on condition (that),as long as, so long as, in caseSend me a message in case you have any difficulty.方式：连词as, as if, as thoughHe lay on the ground as though he was dead.让步：连词although, though, as, even if, even though, however, whatever, whenever, whichever, no matter how(what, where, when), whether or比较：连词asas, than, not so(as) as, the morethe more, assoAs one is to two, so is five to ten.The sooner, the better.：长难句常见句型：复杂简单句、复杂主从句、分隔结构句、省略结构句、语序变化句1. Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 2.3% last year, close to its lowest level in 30 years, before rising slightly to 2.5% this July. (主+ 谓) （复杂简单句）2. White collar workers doing routine work in government offices are, however, as likely to have shrinking brains as the farm worker, bus driver and shop assistant. (主+ 系+ 表)（复杂简单句）3. Please tell your father / that Im very grateful to him for the warm welcome I have received here / and that when I go back I will tell my family all about my visit here.（谓+间宾+2直宾从句）(复杂主从句)4. But it will be the drivers responsibility to make sure / that children under 14 do not ride in the front / unless they are wearing a seat belt of some kind. （主句+宾从+条件从句）(复杂主从句)5. The emphasis given by both scholars and statesmen to the presumed disappearance of the American frontier helped to obscure the great importance of changes in the conditions and consequences of international trade / that occurred during the second half of the 19th century. (分隔结构句)6. Islamic law is a phenomenon so different from all other forms of lawnotwithstanding, of course, a considerable and inevitable number of coincidences with one or the other of them as far as subject matter and positive enactment are concernedthat/ its study is indispensable in order to appreciate adequately the full range of possible legal phenomenon. (分隔结构句)7. His thesis works relatively well / when applied to discrimination against Blacks in the United States, but his definition of racial prejudice as “racially-based negative prejudgments against a group generally accepted as a race in any given region of ethnic competition,” can be interpreted as also including hostility toward such ethnic groups as the Chinese in California and the Jews in medieval Europe. (省略结构句)8. While the undergraduate curriculum for an open Bachelor of Science degree,/ as listed by a department, may have its own unique features, / each program must be laid out in consultation with a department representative to assure /that it is meaningful in structure and challenging in content. (省略结构句)9. Only when total production expands faster than the rate of labor force growth plus the rate of productivity increase and minus the rate at which average annual hours fall does the unemployment rate fall. (语序变化句)10. So impressive was this invention, so difficult was it to exceed this limit, that / nearly 3,500 years later, when the first mail coach began operating in England in 1784,/ it averaged a mere ten mph. (语序变化句)：分析步骤 1：分解成一个个简单句； 2：找出连词和关系词，确定句与句，短语与短语间的关系，确定主句和从句； 3：分析主句和从句的成分。句型- 谓语动词（时态、语态、语气）-是否倒装、省略、分隔、插入、独立成分、同位成分等。4：分析主句和从句、从句与从句间的关系。（上下文、文化背景，字面与深层含义）：分析实例复杂简单句1. Iron deficiency is very common among women in general, affecting one in four female teenagers and one in five women aged 18 to 45, respectively.2. With a team of colleagues at Tokyo National University, he set about measuring brain volumes of a thousand people of different ages and varying occupations.3. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively.4. One encyclopedia tells us that intelligence is related to the ability to learn, to the speed with which things are learned, to how well and how long ideas are remembered, to the ability to understand those ideas and use them in problemsolving, and to creativity.5. A well-trained dog is more confident and can more safely be allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal.6.Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the right path outlined above, the scientific investigator shares with the ordinary citizen the possibilities of falling into errors of reasoning in the ways we have just indicated, and many others as well.7. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.8. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as a part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.9. But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too much anticipation for reward.10. Professor White wanted to find out why healthy farmers in northern Japan appeared to be losing their ability to think and reason at a relatively early age, and how the process of ageing could be slowed down.11. For all uses except the domestic demand of the poor, governments should price water to reflect its actual value.12. Market modification also means searching for increased usage among present customers or going for a different market, such as senior citizens.13. For example, often the cheapest way to provide irrigation water in the dry tropics is through small-scale projects, such as gathering rainfall in depressions and pumping it to nearby cropland.14. There is only enough room for people to walk in, take one each of the eleven inserts, roll them together, slip a rubber band around them and slide them into a plastic bag.复杂主从句1. And most of all, he sunk his dishonest gains into this village / that captures his heart with its fine stone cottages, its central area of green grass, and green rows of hedges.2. And neither friends nor family can convince phobic people / that most animals are harmless, / that thousands of travelers fly safely everyday, / and millions of people ride safely in elevators several times each day.3. Athletes in high-impact sports such as running may also lose iron through a phenomenon/ where small blood vessels in the feet leak blood.4. It is true / that a high proportion of the newly farmed land was suitable only for grazing and dry farming, but agricultural practices had become sufficiently advanced to make it possible to increase the profitability of farming by utilizing even these relatively barren lands.5. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those / that are internal and biological and those / that are external and environmental.6. The findings show in general terms / that contraction of the brain begins sooner in people in the country than in the towns.7. Obviously, there would be no point in investing in a computer / if you had to check all its answers, but people should also rely on their own internal computers and check the machine / when they have the feeling / that something has gone wrong.8. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs/ it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact / which defied scientific opinion / that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.9. Already today, less than forty years later, as computers are relieving us of more and more of the routine tasks in business and in our personal lives, / we are faced with a less dramatic but also less foreseen problem.10. It may have been a sharp criticism of the pupils technical abilities in writing, but it was also a sad reflection on the teacher / who had omitted to read the essay, / which contained some beautiful expressions of the childs deep feelings.11. Responsible public health officials have pointed out / that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative over long periods of time, / and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposure received throughout his lifetime.12.Recycling also stimulates the local economy by creating jobs and trims the pollution control and energy costs of industries / that make recycled products by giving them a more refined raw material.13. A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl / who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major / who says that they havent.14. Although signs of dishonesty in school, business and government seem much more numerous in recent years than in the past, / could it be that /we are getting better at revealing such dishonesty?15. He was puzzled / that I did not want / what was obviously a “step up” toward / what all Americans are taught to want / when they grow up: money and power.16.The event marked the end of an extended effort by William, M.I.T.s founder and first president, to create a new kind of educational institution relevant to the times and to the countrys need, / where young men and women would be educated in the application as well as the acquisition of knowledge.17. Apart from the fact / that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product / that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.18. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time-consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.分隔结构句1. Finally, other people may give us instrumental supportfinancial aid, material resources, and needed services/ that reduces stress by helping us resolve and cope with our problems.2. Such philosophical concerns as the mind-body problem or, more generally, the nature of human knowledge they believe, are basic human questions / whose tentative philosophical solutions have served as the necessary foundations / on which all other intellectual speculation has rested.3. There is a growing realization / that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissionsshort of a massive shift away from the private automobileis to replace conventional diesel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compressed natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.4. Mathematicians who have tried to use the computers to copy the way the brain works have found that / even using the latest electronic equipment they would have to build a computer/ which weighed over 10,000 kilos.5. During the 19th century, she argues, / the concept of the “useful” child / who contributed to the family economy gave way gradually to the present day notion of the “useless” child/ who, though producing no income for, and indeed extremely costly to its parent, is yet considered emotionally “priceless”.6. The Aswan Dam, for example stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of fertile silt / that floods leftall in return for a giant reservoir of disease/ which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.7. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, / in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.8. The Times newspaper agrees, complaining / that quality has suffered as student numbers soared, with close tutorial supervision giving way to “mass production methods more typical of European universities”.9. But for many, the fact / that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.10. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes.省略结构句1. While still in its early stages, / welfare reform has already been judged a great success in many statesat least in getting people off welfare.2. But, it is probably less well known / that even with their stored fat, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer.3. Somewhere or otherI think it is in the preface of Saint JoanBernard Shaw remarks / that we are more gullible and superstitious today/ than we were in the Middle Ages, and as an example of modern credulity he cites the widespread belief/ that the earth is round.4. It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education and extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to rise high in life.5. Careful surveys have indicated / that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs / as directed.6. She was, in fact, a woman of forty (a charming age, but not one that exists a sudden and devastating passion at first sight), and she gave me the impression of having more teeth, white and large and even, / than were necessary for any practical purpose.7. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict,/ it cannot be said / war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, /although competition is.8. And although you may not like it / if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night, / it is as normally hard to turn her away / as it is a lost dog.9. When first given to individuals, animals, and places / they (the names) were chosen carefully with a hope of endowing /whatever was named with some sort of magic.10. They would start off by saying / that “everyone knows” the earth to be round, / and if pressed further, / would become angry.11. I hope / all the precautions against air pollution, /as suggested by the local government, will be seriously considered here.语序变化句1. Not only do lies not provide the “help” hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be a patient in the first place.2.Among the advantages /that future biochips, or “living computers”, would have over conventional semiconductor chips are that they are smaller, /they do not generate as much heat, / and they allow for the parallel processing of information, making them faster than todays semiconductor devices.3. This is the world / out of which grows the hope, for the first time in history, of a society / where there will be freedom from want and freedom from fear.4. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying,