阅读理解能力提高技巧.doc

阅读理解能力提高技巧（一） 词义猜测 一、 词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：1.Which of the following is the nearest in meaning to “.”?2.What does the underlined word/sentence mean in the last paragraph?3.What does the author probably mean by “.”?4.The underlined word “.” in the context/in Pbably means .5.The term “.” can be best replaced by .6.The word “.” probably refers to .7.As used in the line.,the word “.” refers to .8.According to the passage,the word “.” is known as .9.The word/phrase “.” is closest in meaning to .10.By saying “.”,the author means .11.The passage uses the word “.” to refer to .12.According to the author,the underlined word “.” means .13.From the context/passage,we can infer that the word “.” means .二、做题方法：方法一：Definition 定义法： 一般通过定义、定语（从句）或同位语（从句）来确定词义。 信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as ,that is, that is to say,in other words,- (破折号)等猜测划线部分的词义：1.It will be very hard but very brittle that is , it will break easily.2.The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.3.A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood.4.Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.考点突破：猜测划线部分的词义1.A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. 2.His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. 3.They are vertebrates,that is ,animals have backbones. 4.The period of adolescence,i.e.the period between childhood and adulthood ,may be long or short.5. “Getting the cold shoulder” means that some one is actually in a way that makes you feel unwanted. The very words create a picture: You can imagine a friend turning away so that, instead of a warm greeting, you receive only his shoulder a “cold” shoulder.The expression “getting the cold shoulder” means _. A. being treated rudely by paying no attention to youB. greeting you friendlyC. greeting you by rubbing shoulders with you D. feeding you cold meat方法二：Contrast 对比法：利用文中的反义词以及表对比关系的词（组）猜测词义。 表示对比的信号词有yet, but,while ,though however, otherwise, on the one handon the other hand, for one thingfor another thing, instead of 等。 猜测划线部分的词义：1.Though Toms face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.2. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.3.In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil.考点突破：猜测划线部分的词义1.Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate.2.Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft.3.Most of us agreed, however, Bill dissented.4.She is usually prompt for all her classes, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class. A.on time B. late C. slowly D. quickly方法三：Similarity 相似法：利用同义词、近义词（词组）或相似的结构猜测词义。 信号词: or, like , asas, the same as等就可以通过同义词、近义词来确定词义了。猜测划线部分的词义：1.Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task .The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.2.The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year.3.Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.考点突破：猜测划线部分的词义Some of US looked with one eye and held up certain colors against the blackboard，rocking the sheets to the fight or left while we conjured up our designs. Others twisted their hair around their fingers or chewed their erasers while deep in thought. The underlined phrase in paragraph 3 most probably means _. A. formed an idea for B. made an outline forC. made some space for D. chose some colors for方法四： Cause and Effect 因果法：从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。 因果关系信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus猜测划线部分的词义：1.One who is destitute has a great need for food and clothing. 2.That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. 3.Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. 4.The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.考点突破：猜测划线部分的词义 When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective.The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in para.3) means that the colours_A. Attracted the customers stronglyB. Had weak effects on the customersC. Tricked the customers into shoppingD. Caused the customers to lose interest方法五： Example 例举法：利用文中的举例猜测词义。 举例的信号词有for instance, for example, such as: such, like, especially, include, consist of 等 猜测划线部分的词义：1.Today young couples often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing machines, refrigerators and color televisions.2.Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. 3.On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.方法六：Word Formation 构词法： 英语单词大多是由词根、词头（前缀）和词尾（后缀）所组成。 词根是单词最基本的部分，表达单词的基本含义。 在词根前或后加上前缀或后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意义。 中学英语中常见的前缀和后缀有：super- (超) mini- (极小的, 微小的)micro-（极微小的） re- （再，反复） mis-（误，恶） im-（不） un-（不，非） in-（不，非）non-（不，非） -able（能的 ） -less（不，无） -wards (向)Can you guess the right meanings?superman microwavenonnatural mispronouce homeless nonsmoker rebuild eastwards Im going to buy a microbus. This possibility was unforeseeable，because it almost never happened.考点突破：猜测划线部分的词义 Today the sport is popular in Latin America, Asia and, unfortunately, in some parts of the United States-even though it is unlawful in almost every state.What does the word “unlawful” possibly mean?A. allowed by the lawB. in accordance with the lawC. against the lawD. having nothing to do with the law方法七：Context 上下文：利用语境及前后的提示来猜测词义。 猜测划线部分的词义1）He sounded quite nervous and he had been talking for a minute or so before I understand anything. Even then all I could make out was that someone called Milly had had a very bad accident. A. see clearly B. understand C. expect2）Tom saw an owl last night Aa bird Ban animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night Aa bird Ban animal C. a star Tom saw an owl in a tree last night but it flew away when he got near Aa bird Ban animal C. a star3）The children are looking at an ape. Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird The children are looking at a large, hairy ape at the zoo Aa kind of monkey Ba kind of tree Ca kind of bird方法八：Common sense 普通常识：根据普通常识和生活经验来猜测词义。 在阅读的过程中，如遇到生词，有时可以根据自身的直接或间接的经验，或运用自己已有的常识将其推测出来。比如了解一些英美国家的天文地理、风俗习惯、宗教信仰、政治结构、社会制度等，可以帮助加深对文章的理解，遇到生词时，猜测词义的能力自然就会增强。 猜测划线部分的词义 1. When a doctor performs an operation on a patient，he usually gives an anesthetic to make him unconscious，because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. 2. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. 3.Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.4.One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever.5.Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid.6.In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold.猜测词义的方法总结： Homework 猜测划线部分的词义一1. They traveled a long way , at last got to a castle, a large building in old times.2. The herdsman , who looks after sheep, earns about 650yuan a year.3. We are on the night shift-from midnight to 8 a.m.-this week.4. She is usually prompt for all her class, but today she arrived in the middle of her first class.5.Alberts success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance6. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C.有效的 D. 匆促的7. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级8. She didnt hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的9. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic10. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he wont give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever11. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water. A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry12. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight13. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A. small B. large C. dull猜测划线部分的词义二1. There are some glaciers moving down the mountain valleys. A glacier is a river of ice. A. 雪山 B. 树枝 C. 冰河 D. 冰 2. Mr. Brown is now working at Princeton University far away from home. For this reason he has to rent a room near the office where he works. A. 租用 B. 借出 C. 购买 D. 参观 3. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 4. The old woman has a strange habit to keep over 100 cats in her house. Her neighbor all call her an eccentric lady. A. 爱猫的 B. 古怪的 C. 闲不住 D. 动物保护主义者5. In many countries there are two financial extremes, from penury to great wealth. A. 便士 B. 温饱 C. 非常贫困 D. 虚弱 猜测划线部分的词义三Passage 1 Tens of thousands of baby penguins face starvation after two giant icebergs broke off the Antarctic ice sheet and blocked their parents road to the feeding areas. Adeline and emperor penguins nesting on the Ross island rookeries are now forced to walk long distances over the icebergs to obtain food for their chicks, born during the November-December breeding season.What does the underlined word “obtain” probably mean?A. eat B. get C. sell D. buyPassage 2 A mans position among the black-tent people depends on his ancestors, relatives, and fellow tribesmen. If they are honored, he is also honored. If they are disgraced, he too is disgraced. Therefore one carefully guards the honor of his family, his lineage(宗系), and his tribe.The word “disgrace” means _ in this text.A. honor B. endanger C. proud D. shame Passage 3 The ruler had been so cruel and dishonest that after the revolution he was banished. A few members of the Senate(参议院) opposed this decision, but the majority voted that the ruler should leave the country for ever. The underlined word “banished” mean_. A. killed by stoning B. sent away C. imprisoned D. punished by whipping Passage 4 My first job was t