新加坡项目强化段阅读讲义.doc

新加坡项目强化段阅读讲义亲爱的同学们：） 欢迎你们来到SM1阅读强化课堂。在这里，你们可以学到阅读的由浅至深的各个方面，从阅读长难句的训练到结构分析，从阅读方法到各个题型的解析。但是课堂上的内容只是你阅读高分成功的一半，另外一半需要你认真完成课后布置的阅读作业和结课后的复习计划。只有我们的共同努力才能达到理想的目标分数！选择出国留学是一条充满期望、梦想、激情但又困难重重的路。你的选择已经证明了你对未来生活美好的向往，已经证明了你不惧失败的决心。希望同学们真的用心思考自己将来想要成为什么样的人？将来想要过什么样的生活？想要什么样的一辈子的事业？愿吾辈游历世界，广博见识，交天下友，潇洒来去不为牵绊而停步，率性而为不因无知而束缚。傲年少，几堪折，闯四方，任去留。第一章 题型复习词汇题 Vocabulary Questions识别：The word X in the passage is closest in meaning toIn stating X,the author means that熟词生义：词性变化/一次多义 方法：代入（可从一个词最基本的含义进行推理）Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words,symbols,and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.1.The word raw is closest in meaning to A. stormyB. inaccurateC. uncookedD. unprocessedA snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation.2.The word minute is closest in meaning toA. tiny B. quickC. clearD. sharpThe most finely grained igneous rock is volcanic glass or obsidian, which has no crystals. 3.The word finely is closest in meaning toA.minutely B.looselyC.sensitivelyD.purelyTV consumption may ultimately lead to moral danger.4. The word consumption is closest in meaning toA.viewingB.destructionC.obsessionD.buyingl 生词猜义（5 clues）Clue 1：解释（paraphrase）：解释（paraphrase）的原理:注意：所考词汇附近的破折号、括号、冒号、分号、举例、类比（Equally/likewise/similarly）、插入语、从句、代词 These ponderous machinessometimes pulled by as many as 40 horsesreaped the grain, threshed it,and bagged it,all in one simultaneous operation.5.The word ponderous is closest in meaning toA.advancedB.heavyC.complexD.rapidFossils are the remains and traces (such as footprints or other marks) of ancient plant and animal life that are more than 10,000 years old.6.The word traces is closest in meaning to A.structures B.importance C.skeletons D.imprints Among all the abilites with which an individual may be endowed ,musical talent appears earliest in life.Very young children can exhibit musical precocity for different reasons.Some develop exceptional skill as a result of a well-designed instructional regime,such as the Suzuki method for the violin.Some have the good fortune to be born into a musical family in a household filled with music.7.The word precocity in the passage is closest in meaning to A.strong interestB.good luckC.advanced skillD.personal styleWhat the proxy records make abundantly clear is that there have been significant natural changes in the climate over timescales longer than a few thousand years. Equally striking, however, is the relative stability of the climate in the past 10.000 years (the Holocene period).8. The word striking in the passage is closest in meaning toA. noticeable B. confusing. C. trueD. unlikely 等位修饰：考察形容词时，可以利用等位修饰： 若有另外一个词也修饰所考词汇的修饰对象，则这两个形容词处于相等位置，可以互相进行解释 Stars may be spheres,but not every celestial object is spherical .Objects in the universe show a variety of shapes:round planets(some with rings),tailed comets,wispy cosmic gas and dust clouds,ringed nebulae,pinwheel-shaped spiral galaxies,and so on.9. The word celestial in the passage is closest in meaning toA.visibleB.astronomicalC.glowingD.scientificEach product had its own peculiar characteristics that demanded a particular way of cutting or drying the meat,and each task required its own cutting blades and other utensils. 10.The word peculiar is closest in meaning to A.strange B.distinctive C.appealing D.biological 所考词汇之前出现代词时： 向前寻找与所考词汇词性相同的同义改写 While cumulus and stratus clouds generally form at low or middle altitudes,a third type of cloud forms at high altitudes.Cirrus cloud are detached clouds that take the form of delicate white filaments,strands,or hooks.Theses clouds can be seen at close hand from the window of a jet plane flying above 25,000 feet.When viewed from the ground,bands of threadlike cirrus clouds often seem to emerge from a single point on the western horizon and spread across the entire sky.Cirrus clouds are composed almost exclusively of ice crystals.Their fibrous appearance results from the windstretchingstreamers of falling ice particles into feathery strands called mares tails.Snow crystals may fall from thicker,darker cirrus clouds,but they usually evaporate in the drier air below the cloud.11.The word fibrous is closest in meaning to A.darkB.layeredC.threadlikeD.changingThe tide-generating forces of the moon and sun cause a maximum accumulation of the waters of the oceans at two opposite positions on the earths surface.At the same time, compensating amounts of water are drawn from all points 90 degrees away from these tidal bulges.12.The word bulges in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to DeltaP480/18A.currentsB.ridgesC.increasesD.waves补充：“n1 of n2 of n3 ” of 结构： 被修饰的核心名词是n1，从后往前翻译 Clue 2：搭配动宾搭配/介词搭配（考察的不包括介词时） Children normally desire to vent aggressive impulses on other people, including their parents, because even the most attentive parents cannot gratify all of their demands immediately.13.The word gratify in the passage is closest in meaning to A.identifyB.modifyC.satisfy D.simplify This is particularly true for trees in the middle and upper latitudes, which tend to attain greater heights on ridges, whereas in the tropics the trees reach their greater heights in the valleys.14.The word attain in the passage is closest in meaning to A.requireB.resistC.achieveD.endureReliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words.15.The word reliance is closest in meaning toA.abundance B.clarification C.dependence D.information More often, we simply cooperate with others to reach some end without endowing the relationship with any larger significance. 16.The word endowing in the passage is closest in meaning to endow sb/sth with sthA. leaving B.exposing C.providingD.understandingClue 3：注意：A or B,A and B, but,even，和排比句式 The Anasazi lived in houses constructed of adobe and wood.Anasazi houses were originally built in pits and were entered from the roof. But around the year 700 A.D.,the Anasazi began to build their homes above ground and join the together into rambling multistoried complexes, which the Spanish called pueblos or villages.17.The word pits is closest in meaning toA.stagesB.scarsC.seedsD.holesThe economy is booming and small businesses are flourishing.18. The word flourishing is closest in meaning toA.thrivingB.changingC.devastatingD.flushingWildman and Niles make a summary comment: Perhaps the most important thing we learned is the idea of the teacher-as-reflective-practitioner will not happen simply because it is a good or even compelling idea. 19.The word compelling in the passage is closest in meaning to A.commonly held B.persuasive C.originalD.practical Modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information.20.The word compile is closest in meaning toA.put togetherB.look upC.pile highD.work overTime passed,and glaciers advanced and receded.Mammoths,saber-toothed tigers and dire wolves(canids with enormous heads) came and went.21. The word receded in the passage is closest in meaning toA.flourishedB.retreatedC.disappearD.evolvedDoctors often prescribe them drugs for hyperactive children to lengthen attention span,to narcoleptic to keep them awake,to sufferers of short-term depression to cheer them up. 22.The word narcoleptic is closest in meaning toA.salesclerks B.people who sleep excessivelyC.excessive eatersD.rock starsClue 4 : 判断所考词汇所在区间文章的感情色彩，然后选择感情色彩与文章感情色彩一致的单词 By the 1850s and 1860s,there was a great distrust among writer and intellectuals of the rapid industrialization of which the railroad was a leading force.Deeply philosophical historians such as Henry Adams lamented the role that the new frenzy for business was playing in eroding traditional values.A distrust of industry and business continued among writers throughout the rest of the nineteenth century and into the twentieth.23.The word lamented is closest in meaning toA.complained aboutB.analyzedC.explainedD.reflected onOffshore platforms may also lose oil, creating oil slicks that drift ashore and foul the beaches, harming the environment. 24.The word foul in the passage is closest in meaning to A.Reach B.Flood C.Pollute D.Alter Clue 5: 利用词根词缀猜词 A folk culture is small,isolated,cohesive,conservative,nearly self-sufficient group that is homogeneous in custom and race,with a strong family or clan structure and highly developed rituals. 25.The word homogeneous is closest in meaning toA.uniformB.generalC.primitiveD.traditionalHorseshoe crabs kept in the dark continuously for a year were found to maintain a persistent rhythm of brain activity that similarly adapts their eyes on a daily schedule for bright or for weak light.26.The word persistent in the passage is closest in meaning toA. adjustedB.strongC.enduringD.predicted排除技巧：排除含义相近的选项 Because of the barrier of ice to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and populated areas to the north, there may have been a greater impetus for people to move in a southerly direction. 27.The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaning to A.chanceB.protectionC.possibilityD.incentive 补充：阅读中没有生词出现是不正常的，但不影响做题拿分。对于专有名词、术语的处理， 根据上下文或词根词缀推断出大类别 Among the species of seabirds that use the windswept cliffs of the Atlantic coast of Canada in the summer to mate,lay eggs,and rear their young are common murres,Atlantic puffins,black-legged kittiwakes,and northern gannets.练习一：词性活用及一词多义In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual.1.The word “championed” in the passage is closest in meaning to Changed DebatedCreatedSupportedEcologists are especially interested to know what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by the volcanic explosion of Mount St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example, pales in comparison to the destruction caused by humans.2.The word “pales” in the passage is closest in meaning to Increases proportionallyDiffersLoses significanceIs commonThe explosion is also calculated to have produced vast quantities of nitric acid and melted rock that sprayed out over much of Earth, starting widespread fires that must have consumed most terrestrial forests and grassland.3.The word consumed in the passage is closest in the meaning to Changed Exposed DestroyedCovered练习二：利用线索猜义The Roman genius was projected into new spheresespecially into those of law, military organization, administration, and engineering. 1.The word spheres in the passage is closest in meaning toabilities areascombinationsmodelsThe difference between the two measures provides the researcher with an indication of the level and duration of the response to the stimulus. For example, if a uniformly moving pattern of some sort is passed across the visual field of a neonate (new born), repetitive following movements of the eye occur.2.The word uniformly in the passage is closest in meaning to clearly quickly consistently occasionallyThe subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings.3.The word trappings in the passage is closest in meaning to trappings Conditions Problems Influences Decorations It slowed construction of forts and inhibited their military function.4.The word inhibited is closest in meaning toinvolvedexploitedunitedhinderedJoy and sadness are experienced by people in all cultures around the world, but how can we tell when other people are happy or despondent?5. The word despondent in the passage is closest in meaning tocurious unhappythoughtfuluncertain Most current researchers adopt an eclectic approach in studying species,employing the theories and techniques of morphology,ecology,biochemistry,botany, paleontology,and genetics.6.The word eclectic in the passage is closest in meaning tofrom one sourcefrom many sourcesfrequently changeingpatterned Susan B.Anthony, a veteran of many reform campaigns, tried to vote in the 1872 presidential election and was fined $100 which she refused to pay.In 1890; she helped form the National American Woman Suffrage Association to work for the enfranchisement of women.7. The word enfranchisement in the passage is closest in meaning to right to votejob opportunities right to compete persuasion If true, though, why did cold-blooded animals such as snakes, lizards, turtles, and crocodiles survive the freezing winters and torrid summers? These animals are at the mercy of the climate to maintain a livable body temperature. Its hard to understand why they would not be affected, whereas dinosaurs were left too crippled to cope, especially if, as some scientists believe, dinosaurs were warm-blooded. Critics also point out that the shallow seaways had retreated from and advanced on the continents numerous times during the Mesozoic, so why did the dinosaurs survive the climatic changes associated with the earlier fluctuations but not with this one?8.The word cope in the passage is closest in meaning toadaptmovecontinuecompete9.The word fluctuations in the passage is closest in meaning toextremesretreatsperiodsvariationsIn view of these facts, scientists hypothesized that a single large asteroid, about 10 to 15 kilometers across, collided with Earth, and the resulting fallout created the boundary clay. Their calculations show that the impact kicked up a dust cloud that cut off sunlight for several months, inhibiting photosynthesis in plants; decreased surface temperatures on continents to below freezing; caused extreme episodes of acid rain; and significantly raised long-term global temperatures through the greenhouse effect.This disruption of food chain and climate would have eradicated the dinosaurs and other organisms in less than fifty years. 10.The word disruption in the passage is closest in meaning toexhaustiondisturbancemodificationdisappearanceThese flow features are extensive systemssometimes hundreds of kilometers in total lengthof interconnecting, twisting channels that seem to merge into larger, wider channels. 11.The word merge in the passage is closest in meaning to expandseparatestraighten outcombineOutflow channels are probably relics of catastrophic flooding on Mars long ago. 12.The word relics in the passage is closest in meaning toremainssitesrequirementssourcesThe onrushing water arising from these flash floods likely also formed the odd teardrop-shaped “islands” (resembling the miniature versions seen in the wet sand of our beaches at low tide) that have been found on the plains close to the ends of the outflow channels. 13. The word miniature in the passage is closest in meaning totemporarysmallmultiplefamiliarAside from some small-scale gullies (channels) found since 2000, which are inconclusive, astronomers have no direct evidence for liquid water anywhere on the surface of Mars today, and the amount of water vapor in the Martian atmosphere is tiny.Yet even setting aside the unproven hints of ancient oceans, the extent of the of the outflow channels suggests that a huge total volume of water existed on Mars in the past. cluesfeaturesargumentseffectsThe coastal hypothesis has gained increasing support in recent years because the remains of large land animals, such as caribou and brown bears, have been found in southeastern Alaska dating between 10,000 and 12,500 years ago.This is the time period in which most scientists formerly believed the area to be inhospitable for humans. It has been suggested that if the environment were capable of supporting breeding