郑航电子信息工程专业英语重点(期末考试必备).doc

LCD:：Liquid Crystal Display液晶显示器CCD： Charge Coupled Device电荷耦合器件NTSC：National Television Systems Committee国家电视系统委员会PAL：Phase Alternation by Line逐行倒相制（帕尔制）Odd field: 奇数场Evev field：偶数场cross-compiler交叉编译器RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computer精简指令集计算机PDA: Personal Digital Assistant个人数字助理addressing mode 寻址模式ISO：International Standard Organization国际标准化组织RTOS: Real-Time Operating System 实时操作系统source code源代码ISR: Interrupt Service Routine 中断服务程序DMM: Digital Multimeter数字多用表UUT: Unit Under Test被测设备sonic boom声爆single-shot单脉冲CRT: Cathode Ray Tube阴极射线管Timing diagram 时序图SUT: System Under Test被测系统英译汉 Many digital cameras eat batteries because they have to power an image sensor, an LCD panel and a microprocessor all at the same time, and sometimes theres a flash as well! See how long the batteries will really last in your camera. See if the camera will accept normal alkaline batteries in a pinch. If you plan on using your camera for long periods of time, think about purchasing an extra battery for it. 许多数码相机很费电，这是因为它们必须为图像传感器、液晶显示屏和微处理器同时供电，有时还可能有闪光灯！看看相机中的电池究竟能用多久。看看相机是否允许在紧急情况下使用标准碱性电池。如果打算长时间使用电池的话，就应考虑另外购买一块电池。 Each second of standard video contains 30 complete images, commonly called frames , A video engineer would say that each frame contains 525 lines, the television jargon for what programmers call rows. This number is a little deceptive because only 480 to 486 of these lines contain video information; the remaining 29to 45 lines are reserved for sync pulses to keep the televisions circuits synchronized with the video signal. 标准的信号每秒包含30个完整的图像,每一幅图像一般被称为“一帧”,视频工程师会说每帧包含525条线，“线”电视专门术语，而程序员称之为“行”。525这个数字有点名不副实，因为在这些线中的只有480到486条包含了电视信号的数据；剩余29到45条行被同步脉冲保留用以视频信号同步。 A processor,s assembly language is defined by its opcodes, addressing modes, and memories. The opcode distinguishes, for example, addressing modes, registers, and memories. The opcode distinguishes, for example, addition from a conditional branch, and an addressing mode defines how and where data is gathered and stored(such as, from a register or from a particular memory location). Registers can be thought of as small, fast, and easy-to-access pieces of memory. 一种微处理器的汇编语言是由操作码、寻址模式、寄存器和存储器定义的。操作码用于区分不同的操作。例如，是加法还是条件转移。寻址模式定义了数据聚集，存储（例如，来自寄存器的还是来自特定存储器位置）的方式。寄存器可被视为速度快且易于访问的小容量存储器。 Usage of the 680x0 cores appears to be in decline, and it is perhaps actually close to the end of its life； the principal consumer at this time is in PalmOS devices. These PDAs are now migrating towards ARM, and even Motorola has introduced an ARM- cored processor as its new flagship PDA part. 680X0的使用量在下降，它也快走到头了。目前，680x0主要用在plamO设备上。PlamOS“个人数字助理”（pda）正在转向使用arm器件，甚至摩托罗拉也在其旗舰pda产品中采用了arm内核微处理器。 To earn the distinctive title RTOS , an operating system should be deterministic and have guaranteed worst-case interrupt latency and have guaranteed context-switch times. Given these characteristics and the relative priorities of the tasks and interrupts in your system, it is possible to analyze the worst-case performance of the software using a technique such as rate monotonic analysis. 要想获得”实时操作系统”的名称，这个操作系统应该是确定的，并要确保最坏情况下的中断反应时间和任务切换时间。当给定的这些特征以及系统中的任务和中断的相对优先级时，就有可能使用“率单调分析法”对软件的最坏情况性能进行分析了。 To cite another example, engineers must characterize their emerging designs to ensure that the new hardware meets design specifications across the full range of operation and beyond. This is known as margin or limit testing. It is a measurement task that requires a complete solution；one that can generate signals as well as make measurements。 举另外一个例子。为了确保新硬件在整个操作范围及该范围之外满足性能设计要求，工程师们必须对即将完成的设计进行特性评价。这就是所谓的“边缘测试或极限测试”。这件测量工作就需要一个完整的解决方案，一个既能进行测量，又能产生信号的方案。 Oscilloscopes can be classified similarly-as analog and digital types. For many applications, either an analog or digital oscilloscope will do. However each type has unique characteristics that may make it more or less suitable for specific applications. Digital oscilloscopes can be further classified into digital vStorage oscilloscopes (DSOs). digital phosphor oscilloscopes (DPOs) and sampling oscilloscopes. 示波器也有类似的分类模拟示波器和数字示波器。对很多应用而言，二者都可以胜任。然而，他们也有自己的特点；对特定的应用而言，这些独特之处可能使之更适用，也很可能使之很不适用。数字示波器还可以进一步分为“数字存储示波器”，“数字荧光示波器”，和“采样示波器”三类。 The logic analyzers probing, triggering, and clocking systems exist to deliver data to the real-time acquisition memory. This memory is the heart of the instrument the destination for all of the sampled data from the SUT, and the source for all of the instruments analysis and display. 逻辑分析仪的探测，触发和定时系统将数据传送给实时采集存储器。这个存储器是逻辑分析仪的心脏它既是所有SUT的采样数据的目的地，也是逻辑分析仪所有分析显示功能的数据来源。任何压缩方法都由两个算法构成一个算法在信源压缩数据，另一个算法在信宿解压数据。在专业文献里，这两个算法分别称作“编码算法”和“解码算法”。 All compression systems require two algorithms：one for compressing the data at the source, and another for decompressing it at the destination. In the literature , these algorithms are referred to as the encoding and decoding algorithms, respectively. 宽高比是图像的宽度和高度之比。常规电视的宽高比是4：3。高清晰电视的宽高比是16：9。摄像机常用的宽高比是1.85;1和2.35：1。 Aspect ratio is the ratio of image width to height.Conventional television has an aspect ratio of 4:3.High-definition television uses a wider ratio of 16:9.Cinema commonly uses 1.85:1 or 2.35:1. “实时操作系统”是专为“实时操作计算机”设计的操作系统。 Real-Time Operating System is an operating system designed for use in a real-time computer system.汉译英 “软件”意为着“计算机指令”。”程序“就是用以完成某项工作的一组指令。软件可以分为”系统软件“和”应用软件“两类。”系统软件“由操作系统，数据库管理系统等控制程序组成，而用户处理数据的任何程序（如电子表格软件，子处理软件等）都属于”应用软件“。人们常把”软件误认为是数据，其实不然。软件告诉硬件应该如何处理数据。软件是”被运行的”，而数据是“被处理的”。 The software is instructions for the computer. A series of instructions that performs a particular task is called a “program”. The two major categories of software are “system software and “application software”. System software is made up of control programs such as the operating system and database management system (DBMS). Application software is any program that processes data for the user (spreadsheet, word processor etc.). A common misconception is that software is data. It is not. Software tells t