名词性从句之宾语从句及表语从句公开课

NounClauses名词性从句 在英语的句子结构中 本来该由名词充当的主语 宾语 表语和同位语 由一个句子来充当 这个句子就叫名词性从句 什么是名词性从句 名词性从句 主语从句 TheSubjectClause 宾语从句 TheObjectClause 表语从句 ThePredicativeClause 同位语从句 TheAppositiveClause ObjectClauses宾语从句 Iknowhim 2 Iknowwhoheis 主语 谓语 宾语 简单句 主语 谓语 宾语从句 连词 从句主语 从句谓语 主句 复合句 做宾语的句子叫做宾语从句 跟在及物动词或介词以及形容人的感觉的形容词后 句子结构 主句 连词 引导词 宾语从句 语序 陈述语序 Theobjectclausesfoundinthetext OliverbelievesthatwithamillionpoundbanknoteamancouldsurviveamonthinLondon Iwonder Mr Adams ifyouwouldmindusaskingafewquestions Mayweaskwhatyouaredoinginthiscountryandwhatyourplansare Well Ican tsaythatIhaveanyplans Hiseyesstareatwhatisleftofthebrothers dinneronthetable Ididn tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning Iamafraid that Idon tquitefollowyou sir 8 Tellus Mr Adams whatsortofworkdidyoudoinAmerican 9 Ifyoudon tmind mayIaskyouhowmuchmoneyyouhave 10 Ifthisisyourideaofsomekindofjoke Idon tthink that it sveryfunny 11 Nowifyou llexcuseme Ithink that I llbeonmyway 12 Youmustn tthink that wedon tcareaboutyou 13 Weknow that youarehard working 14 Whydon tyouexplainwhatthisisallabout ConjunctionsofNounClauses 引导名词性从句的关联词 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether if when where how why 一 连词 引导词 1 that1 当宾语从句由连词that引导 由于that在从句中不作任何成分 也没有任何具体意思 因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略 LinTaofeels that hisownteamisevenbetter Isee that it stwoo clock Doyouthink that it sgenuine 2 宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略 1 当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时 此时第一个that可以省略 第二个或第二个以后的that不可以省略 2 当that在从句作介词宾语时 that不可省掉 3 用it做形式宾语that引导的宾语从句中that不能省 Ibelieve that youhavedoneyourbestandthatthingswillimprove Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud that不能省略的情况 4 that从句位于句首时 ThatheeversaidsuchathingIsimplydon tbelieve 5 主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时 Wedecided inviewofhisspecialcircumstances thatwewouldadmithimforaprobationary 试用 3 在主句为系动词be加某些形容词 如sorry sure afraid glad等 作表语时 后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句 I msorry that Idon tknow We resure that ourteamwillwin I mafraid that hewon tpasstheexam 宾语从句中谓语用shoulddo的情况 Thegeneralorderedthattroops should setoffatonce Hesuggestedthatwe should allbuydictionaries Iinsistedthathe should apologizetome 一坚持Insist二命令ordercommand三建议adviseproposesuggestrecommend四要求askdemandrequestrequire 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变来时 由连词whether或if引导 是否 不能省略 1 Lilywantedtoknowhergrandmalikedthehandbag 2 Let sseewecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity 3 Sheaskedmeshecouldborrowthesebooks 2 Whether if if whether if whether if whether 1 whether和if都可以引导宾语从句但是 a 当有ornot时就用whether 不用if Idon tknowwhetherornotIwillstay b 介词后面的宾语从句不能用if IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling 注意whether和if的使用区别 Practicetime if whether1 Iaskedher shehadabike 2 We reworriedabout heissafe 3 Idon tknow heiswellornot 4 Idon tknow ornotheiswell if whether whether whether whether 3 当宾语从句是由疑问词 what who whom which whosewhen where how why等 引导 因为疑问词在从句中担任一定的句子成分 具有一定的意义 所以不可以省略 Doyouknow hesaidjustnow Idon tremember wearrived Iaskedhim Icouldgetsomuchmoney Pleasetellme wewillsee Doyouknowtimetheplaneleaves what when how when why where whom what when WethoughtitstrangethatXiaoWangdidnotcomeyesterday 2 Hehasmadeitclearthathewillnotgivein 注意1 it可以放在动词后作为形式宾语 真正的宾语 that从句则放在句尾 我们觉得很奇怪 shedidn tgotoschooltoday Wethinkitstrangethat 注意2 在think believe suppose expect等动词之后的宾语从句中 如果从句谓语是否定含义 则将主句谓语动词think believe suppose expect等变为否定形式 Idon tthinkyouareright Ithinkyouarenotright 注意3 在think believe imagine suppose guess hope等动词以及I mafraid等后 可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句 或用not代替一个否定的宾语从句 一Doyoubelieveitwillrain 一Ibelieveso Idon tbelieveso 或Ibelievenot 正确 二 时态1 如果主句是现在的时态 包括一般现在时 现在进行时 现在完成时 从句的时态可根据实际情况而定 包括一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 现在完成时等 Iknowhe here live Iknowhe heretenyearsago live Ihaveheardthathe tomorrow come lives lived willcome 2 如果主句是过去的时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 包括一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去完成时 Iknewwho here live Heaskedwhetherhisfather tomorrow comeback lived wouldcomeback 3 当从句是客观真理 定义 公理 定理时用一般现在时 Theteachersaidthattheearth aroundthesun travel travels 1 Theyoungmanasked it ssummerorwinter A eitherB thatC weatherD whether2 Wedon tknow theydidit A howB whoC whatD which3 Theteacherasksus Jimcancomebackontime A thatB ifC whenD whattime4 Doesanybodyknow wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot A ifB whereC whetherD that 5 Couldyoushowme A howcanIgettothestationB whereisthestationC howcouldIgettothestationD howIcanreachthestation6 Pleasetellme A whatdoeshelikeB whathedoeslikeC whathelikesD whathelike7 Mysistertoldhim A whatdaywasitB whenthetrainarrivedC whoshewaswaitingD wheredidyoulive PredicativeClauses表语从句 look sound smell taste feeletc 主动表被动 seem appear turnout prove happenetc 系动词主动表被动不定式可主动或被动 become turn grow get go come fall etc 无被动 keep remain stay lieetc 无被动 what who whom whose which wh ever that whether asif asthough when where how why because 表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句 放在系动词之后 一般结构是 主语 系动词 表语从句 表语从句用陈述句的语序 表语从句 1 that引导的表语从句连接词that仅起连接作用 无意义 不作任何成分 通常不可省略 对主句主语的内容进一步解释 Thefactisthatwehavelostthegame Theproblemisthatwedon thavemoney 主语表示建议 命令 要求 计划 suggestion advice order request proposal plan 等的名词后 表语从句要用虚拟语气 should v原形 e g Mysuggestionisthatweshouldgoandhelphim Thequestioniswhoshouldcomefirst That swhereIcan tagreewithyou ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting Thisishowtheyovercomethedifficulties 2 what which who whom whose where when why how引导的表语从句 主语 地点状语 原因状语 方式状语 3 whether引导的表语从句whether起连接作用 意为 是否 究竟 到底 在句中也不作任何成分 注意 if不能引导表语从句 Thequestioniswhetherthemanwillturnupintime 4 Asif though引导的表语从句当它与事实相反是 可用虚拟语气与现在事实相反 一般过去时与过去事实相反 过去完成时与将来事实相反 would might could v原形Theytreattheboyasifheweretheirownson 5 表示原因的几种表语从句 Thereasonisthatyouhaven twrittentomeforalongtime ThereasonwhyIwaslatewasthatImissedthetrain 3 Iwaslate ThatwasbecauseImissedthetrain 4 Imissedthetrain thiswaswhyIwaslate becaus