松江少儿英语.doc

精通地道美语的秘诀（1）salary/paycheckpaycheck就是上班族每个月领到的薪水。对话一：A：Do you make a good salary at your company?(你在你公司的薪水高吗？)B: Its not bad.(还好。)对话二：A: Do you get paid on a salary or are you paid by the hour?(你是领月薪的，还是计时算工资？)B: I work for wages.(我是计时算工资的。)在台湾，上班族领薪水通常是领现金或由银行转帐，在美国是发一张paycheck。所以你若告诉美国人你今天领到一包薪水袋salary bag,对方可能会莫名其妙。你告诉他你今天领了paycheck,那就不会有任何误解了。薪水有两种算法：一种是算月薪；一种是计时算工资。领月薪的薪水英文用salary,若是计时算工资的，英文用wage,或是by the hour。不过在美国说到salary是多少时，除非特别强调是月薪，否则指的是年薪，而不是月薪(monthly salary)。领salary的人，加班并没有另外付钱。若是领wage的，也就是paid by the hour的，加班费是平常钟点费的1.5倍。salary: 薪水I am trying to get a raise in salary.(我正在想办法得到加薪。)My salary doesnt go as far as it used to.(我的薪水没以前那么多。)I get my salary monthly.(我领月薪。)Does he make a good salary?(他的薪水高吗？)paycheck:薪水支票；薪水袋My paycheck is not much this week.(我这星期领到的薪水不多。)I dont like living from paycheck to paycheck.(我不喜欢靠领薪水过日子。)Ill trade my paycheck for yours.(我可以跟你交换薪水袋。)paid by the hour:计时算工资I wish I got paid by the hour instead of on a salary.(我希望我是计时算工资，而不是领月薪。)Do you get paid time and a half for overtime?(你加班费有没有一倍半？)wages:工资The clerk works for wages.(这职员是计时算工资的。)pay:付钱(付薪水)The job pays ten thousand dollars a week.(这工作每星期的工资的是一万元。)Ill take the job at the gift shop. Because it pays more.(我接受了在礼品屋的工作，因为那家付的薪水比较高。)精通地道美语的秘诀(2)part-time/full-timepart-time是兼职，full-time是上全职班对话一：A：Do you work full-time or part-time?(你是全职还是兼职的？)B: I work full-time.(我是上全职班。)A：Is that 40 hours a week?(一个星期是不是40小时？)B：I work a lot of overtime, so it is usually more like 50 hours.(我常加班，所以通常是50小时左右。)对话二：A: Does he have a full-time job?(他有全职的工作吗？)B: No, he only works part-time on the weekends.(不，他只在周末兼差。)part-time和fulll-time这两个字，可以当副词也可以当形容词。当副词用时如：兼职工作work part-time, 当形容词用时如：全职的工作full-time job。至于说某人是兼职工作的人，则是part-timer。full-time:全职上班Do you like working full-time?(你喜欢全职上班吗？)Does she have a full-time job?(她有个全职的工作吗？)What are the benefits of full-time employment?(全职班有什么福利？)part-time:兼职I am looking for a part-time job.(我在找一份兼职的工作。)I work a part-time job for extra income.(我兼职工作，多赚一点钱。)He wont know the answer. He is only a part-timer.(他不会知道答案，他只是兼职人员。)overtime:加班How much overtime did you work last week?(你上星期加班多少小时？)She is a workaholic-she worked 30 hours overtime last week.(她是工作狂-她上星期加了30小时的班。)Im trying to work overtime so I can buy a new car.(我正想办法加班，以便可以买部新车。) work on/work forwork on是要特别花工夫去做的事；work for是在某处上班对话一：A: How is Mary?(玛丽怎么样？)B: I dont know.(还不知道。)The doctor is still working on her.(医生正在医治她。)I hope shell be all right.(我希望她没事。)对话二：A：Who do you work for?(你替谁做事？)B：I work for a small insurance company.(我在一家小保险公司上班。)work on是指特别花工夫去做某事，例如：医生work on一个病人，指医生正在医治病人；work on a project就是去做一个项目。work for的介词for指“替谁工作”；也就是在哪儿上班的意思。Who do you woke for?的Who是介词for的受词，理论上应该Whom,但口语上美国人都习惯于用Who，用Whom反而显得太文诌诌。work on:花时间做某事I have to work on this project tonight.(我今晚一定要做这个项目。)She is supposed to be working on her homework.(她应该做她的家庭作业。)The doctor is still working on your mother. There is no news yet.(医生还在医治你的母亲，还没有消息。)work for:替做事(在哪里上班)Who does he work for?(他在哪里上班？)Who were you working for then?(你那时替谁工作？) 在美国每周上五天班，星期六和星期日不上班，所以从星期五下班后到星期日为止都是weekend(周末)。但有时遇到星期五或星期一也放假时，就会有一连三天或四天的周末，所以，叫long weekend或three day weekend。weekend:周末We went out of town for the weekend.(我们周末到外地去。)John works part-time on the weekends.(约翰在周末做兼职的工作。)three day weekend:三天的周末What are you going to do over the three day weekend?(你这三天的周末要做什么？)long weekend:长周末Are you taking a trip over the long weekend?(这个长周末你要去旅行吗？) 精通地道美语的秘诀(3)doctors office/hospital看医生不一定要到医院去对话一：A: Do you need to go to the hospital?(你需要去医院吗？)B: Yes, I am hurt badly.(要，我伤得很重。)对话二：A：Where is your doctors office?(你的医生诊所在哪里？)B：It is on Main Street nest to my office.(在我公司旁的缅因街上。)A: What time is your appointment？(你约好几点去看医生？)B: 2:00 p.m.(下午2点。)在美国看医生都是在doctors office，所以中文说去看医生，可以说go to see a doctor，也可以说go to the doctors office，却不说go to the hospital。因为hospital是生大病、受重伤需要动手术或治疗时才去的。虽然有的doctors office是设在hospital内，但你还是去doctors office，而不是去hospital。hospital: 医院hospital医院How close is the nearest hospital?(最近的医院有多近？)Is St. Thomas a good hospital?(圣汤姆斯医院是一家好的医院吗？)in the hospital 住院She is in the hospital having her tonsils removed.(她住院要拿掉扁桃腺。)How long were you in the hospital when you gave birth?(你生产时住院多久？)doctors office: 医生诊所Your doctors office called today.(你的医生诊所今天打电话来。)What time is your appointment at the doctors office?(你跟医生约好几点？)If this cold gets worse, I will have to go to the doctors office.(如果感冒恶化的话，我就必须去看医生。)I am looking for a doctors office near my home.(我在找一位离我家近一点的医生诊所。) 精通地道美语的秘诀(4)精通地道美语的秘诀get a check-up/check into the hospitalcheck into the hospital住院，做健康检查一般说某人住院，英文是（某人）is in the hospital。但若只是打算要住院时，不是说（某人）will be in the hospital，而是说（某人）is checking into the hospital。送某人去住院，不是send (某人) to the hospital，而是check(某人) to the hospital，而是check(某人) into the hospital。平时不生病时也应该定期做健康检查，英文是get a check-up。check into the hospital: 要住院I am checking into the hospital tomorrow.(我明天要去住院。)They checked him into the hospital last night.(他们昨晚把他送去住院。)get a check-up: 做个健康检查My father is going to have a check-up in the morning. I hope hes okay.(我父亲明天早上要去做健康检查，我希望他没事。)give someone a check-up: 替某人做健康检查The doctor gave John a check-up.(医生替约翰做健康检查。) 精通地道美语的秘诀(5)college/university上大学说go to college，或是go to university都可以对话一：A: What college did you attend?(你上哪一所大学？)B: I went to Washington University.(我上华盛顿大学。)A: Ive never heard of that.(我没听说过那所大学。)B: It is in Wyoming.(那是在怀俄明州。)对话二：A：My university wants me to speak at a luncheon.(我们学校要我在午餐会上演讲。)B：Wow, thats an honor.(哇，那是一项荣誉呢！)上大学到底应该说go to college，还是说go to university呢？理论上，college是学院，综合好几个college而成立一所university。有一天，我与朋友上高三的女儿在谈她要去上大学的事情，谈话中每次说到上大学，我都是说go to college，女孩的妈妈忍不住向我抗议，说我女儿是要去university，而不是要去college。实际上，美国人说大学，用college或university都可以。但因为university音节太长，美国人在谈话中，多用college。如果是提到大学名称时，因为每一所大学有其固定的名称，就不可以把college和university随便混用。例如California University，就不可叫该校California College，该校若叫做New York College，你不可称它为New York University。university: 大学He was in every one of my classes at the university.(大学时,他每一科都跟我同班。)I think your university is more expensive than mine.(我认为你们学校比我们学校贵。)What courses are you taking at the university?(你在大学里修哪些课？)college: 大学Which college are you going to go?(你要去上哪一所大学？)Im going to college next fall.(我明年秋天要去上大学。)He dropped out of college.(他退学了。)Did you like your college professors?(你喜欢你的大学教授吗？) 精通地道美语的秘诀(9)score/gradescore和grade都是成绩，只是评定方式不同对话一：A: What kind of marks did you get in school?(你在学校的成绩如何？)B: I made very good grades.(我的成绩很好。)对话二：A：What was your score on the test?(这次测验你考几分？)B：I made 96 out of 100 points.(我考96分。)学业成绩的评定有好几种方式，若是以A、B、C或是甲、乙、丙来打成绩，英文就是grade或mark。若是以92分、98份、70分等来给成绩，那就该用score。但是score是指得到的总分，例如：My score on the math test was 89.(我的数学是89分。)如果答错一题要扣5分，要说five points，而不是fine scores。你告诉你的美国朋友你考了98分，对方可能不知道你考了高分。在中国，我们的满分总是以100分来算，但在美国，满分可能是200分，甚至是600分。