四级作文攻略.doc

目录写作在四级考试中的地位四级考试写作评分标准写作注意事项四级作文的写作方法写作练习及范文选讲如何锻炼写作能力英语四六级作文四个基本考点1、 切题-所谓切题是指在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。 2、 表达清楚、条理清晰-本要求考查学生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。 3、 文字通顺，连贯性较好-本要求考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。 4、 基本无语言错误-本要求考查学生语言基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两部分。四级考试写作评分标准2分 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。8分 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不清楚，文字勉强连贯，语言错误相当多，其申有一些是严重错误。11分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺、连贯，基本无语言错误，仅有个别小错。四级考试写作注意事项字迹一定要工整改掉你的小毛病（标点，换行，拼写）写作之前要好好构思，列一个提纲三段或四段文，字数要够写完要检查（笔误）用语规范，不用口头语，尽量不缩写逻辑清晰四级写作常见误区单词越难越好句子越长越好模板是万能的英语四、六级写作基本文体先要指出的是，四、六级作文在准备和对策上是基本一致的，因为两者评分标准基本一致，除了字数上的差距，四级120词，六级150词。英语考试的作文大体可以分为： 1、现象解释型 2、正反论型 3、问题解决型 4、书信作文。所谓的写信，无非就是在这几类的基础上，套用信件的格式而已。1、现象解释型这类作文要求对某一社会现象进行解释，并加以评论。其基本结构是：首先对现象进行描述或说明，继而引出话题；其次阐述这种现象产生或存在的原因；最后提出建议或总结观点。例：2007 On Students Selecting Lecturers （120字） 1）有些大学允许学生自由选择某些课程的任课教师 2）学生选择教师时所考虑的主要因素 3）学生自选任课教师的益处和可能产生的问题Selecting CoursesRecently, people in growing numbers show their concern about selecting courses. In some colleges, students are permitted to pick out their courses professors freely. The reasons are listed as follows:In the first place, students can choose the teacher according to their interests, which will be helpful for their future careers. Besides, selecting courses can reduce the rate of students absence indirectly for students usually choose their favorite teachers.As far as I am concerned, every coin has two sides. On the one hand, students may learn the course better, because they may choose the professor they liked. On the other hand, if the professor who is very popular and a great number of students would like to attend his/her course, the classroom must be overcrowded. It will have a bad impact on the class.2、问题解决型其基本结构是：首先提出问题并分析原因，然后分析解决问题的方法或措施，最后表明自己的态度或做法。（一般以How to 作为题目）第一段：提出问题第二段：分析原因或后果第三段：提出解决措施例：2008 For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags. You should write at least 120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese)1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛的使用 2.造成的问题 3.限制使用的意义Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags These days disposal products often hit the headlines of newspapers and have been brought into focus of the public. Indeed, it is widely accepted that they have gained increasing popularity among people in all walks of life. Taking a look around you, you can find examples too numerous to list: When you walk on the street, you can see plastic bags flying over your head; When you ramble along the river, you can find plastic bottles floating on the water; When you stroll in the park with your lover, you can notice waste paper thrown everywhere. Among the most important reasons often cited by people is the quickening pace of modern life. They are often too busy to wash dirty dishes or glasses, as a result they can do nothing but use disposal products. Also playing a part is the improvement of peoples life. As a result of the policy of opening and reform, an increasing number of people are much richer than before and can afford disposal products. Admittedly, they might benefit us in a short term. Unfortunately, they will do us harm in more than one way. The major harm is (that) they are sure to pollute the environment. To make matters worse, they are likely to have potential harm to public health. To illustrate this point, I can think of no better example than HP, the river through S. As a result of disposal products in it, the water has caused some diseases in the local people. To sum up, for the factors mentioned before, we can safely reach the conclusion that the prevalence of disposal products is bound to cause a chain of undesirable effects. In view of the present situation, it is high time that the government tried every means to protect the environment. Only in this way, can we have a bright future.3、对比选择型这类作文标志明显，容易识别，一般直接要求比较两种观点或两种做法，进而表明自己的态度或观点。其基本结构是：首先对相关的事物或现象进行整体介绍，然后陈述两种不同的观点或做法，最后表明自己的观点或结论。第一段：提出争论，之后阐述一方观点第二段：阐述另一方观点第三段：提出自己的观点例：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on Te CCTV Spring Festival Gala. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below:1.许多人喜欢在除夕夜晚看春节晚会；2.有些人提出取消春节晚会；3.我的看法。The CCTV Spring Festival GalaThere is always a heated discussion over the issue of the Spring Festival Gala organized by CCTV before and after the Chinese Lunar New Year. Some people are in favor of the program, while others maintain that the program is a waste of money and time. In the eyes of the first group of people, the Spring Festival Gala should be encouraged for the following reasons. First, the gala has become a tradition for most people to spend the holiday, and they feel that they can find nothing else to do. Besides, the program can offer some talking materials for their family, friends and relatives. However, those who argue against the gala and propose to cancel it also have their reasons. To begin with, the gala costs a lot, but the quality is not as good as expected. Whats more, people may do something else if the gala is canceled. For example, the family may play games, or chat with each other to the relation between each much closer. As is discussed above, it is obvious that there is some truth in both arguments. In my opinion, the program does more harm than good if watching it as the only thing to do on the eve of the lunar new year. It is likely to make this most important festival boring and meaningless.4.应用文主线：所给情景中的要点组织材料形式：描述事实-阐述原因表明观点或提出建议应用文可以分为三大类：第一类，公共英语交际（公务信函、备忘录、奖状、证书和节目单）；第二类，大学和求职申请（简历、申请书）；第三类，社会交往（社交信函、私人通告和广告）第一段：说明写信目的第二、三段：明确表达自己的原因、动机和愿望等第四段：期待对方回信写信的过程中需注意信头、称呼语、结束语和签名。考生需要注意第二和第三类应用文。例：A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。 A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus January 12th, 2010Dear Mr. President,Im very lucky to attend this world-famous university, but Im afraid Im not content with the canteen service on campus. Firstly, the quality of the dishes should be improved. Undoubtedly, there are a lot of delicious dishes, but all the year round, they are the same. More and more students are complaining about eating the same food each day. So I think the most urgent problem is variety. Secondly, the price is a bit too high. Many of us hope that the canteen can provide us with not only delicious but also cheaper food.Finally, the environment is so noisy that we cant enjoy our meals in good mood. I suggest that there be some soft music to help us relax.These suggestions are not just of my own, but also of many other students. We hope our respectable president will pay attention to our suggestions.By the way, the canteen workers are very patient and always smiling. So I think if our university offers them better conditions, they will offer us better service. Best wishes, Yours sincerely, Liming5. 图表作文议论文写作的基本模式组成一篇文章的三要素是：结构，内容和语言。对于此类型的文章，同学们是很难在结构上略胜一筹的； 至于具体内容，也完全不需要推陈出新，因为批卷老师是完全没有时间仔细看理由的。所以，如何体现我们的写作能力和文章价值，关键在于文章遣词造句的质量。 此类文章的高分原则为：第一，在文章中必须有五个左右的衔接词，来体现逻辑性。第二，用词尽量避免重复，体现语言的灵活和升级。第三，尽量变换句式，如倒装、被动、虚拟语气及插入语等。1、表示事实、现状、问题 1) Recentlytheproblemhasbeenbroughtintofocus that 2) Recentlythephenomenonhasbecomeaheatedtopic. 3) Recentlytheissuehasarousedgreatconcernamong 4) Withtherapiddevelopmentof， 5)We cannot ignore the fact that. 6)No one can deny the fact that. 7)There is no denying the fact that. 8)This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.E.g We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution. To solve these problems， we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution. The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment.2. 表示原因1)There are three reasons for this.2)The reasons for this are as follows.3)The reason for this is obvious.4)The reason for this is not far to seek.5)The reason for this is that.3、阐述观点的一二三原则1）to begin with, then, furthermore, finally2）to start with, next, in addition, finally3）first and foremost, besides, last but not least4）most important of all, moreover, finally5）on the one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况）6）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况）4.表示好处1)It has the following advantages.2)It does us a lot of good.3)It benefits us quite a lot.4)It is beneficial to us.5)It is of great benefit to us.5.表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能1)It is important (necessary，difficult，convenient， possible) for sb.to do sth.2)We think it necessary to do sth.3)It plays an important role in our life.例如：Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools ,in business or in every household. We have good reasons to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age.6.表示措施1)We should take some effective measures.2)We should try our best to overcome (conquer) the difficulties.3)We should do our utmost in doing sth. 4)We should solve the problems that we are confronted (faced) with.例如：The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it.7. 表示比较1)Compared with A，B.2)I prefer to read rather than watch TV.3)There is a striking/sharp contrast between them.4)Theadvantagefaroutweighthedisadvantages 5)TheadvantagesofAaremuchgreaterthanthoseofB. 6)Evidently，ithasbothnegativeandpositiveeffects 例如：Compared with cars，bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable. 8.表示数量1)It has increased (decreased) from.to.2)The population in this city has now increased (decreased) to 800，000.3)The output of July in this factory increased by 15% compared with that of January.例如：With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of peoples income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased. 再如：From the graph listed above，it can be seen that student use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in 2000.9 . 表示看法1)People have (take，adopt，assume) different attitudes towards sth.2)People have different opinions on this problem.3)People take different views of (on) the question.4)Some people believe that.Others argue that.例如：People have different attitudes towards failure. Some believe that failure leads to success. Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor. However， others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers.文章结尾形式结论性- 通过对文章前面的讨论 ,引出或重申文章的中心思想及观点 .e.g:1. From what has been discussed above, we may draw the conclusion that . 2. In summary, it is more valuable .后果性- 揭示所讨论的问题