英语_中餐菜谱翻译.doc

Menu Translator : Chinese Cuisine中餐菜谱不容易翻译，原因是中国人的饮食文化比较发达，对菜名特别讲究。菜谱翻译的核心内容是菜用什么原料做成，因为外国人在餐桌上最关心的是吃什么东西。其次要讲清楚的是茶的用料、刀法和烹调方法。由此可见，要译好菜谱，就必须知道一些主要的用料、刀法、烹调方法及某些准备步骤。1常见的用料鸡 chicken 鸭 duck 鹅 goose 鱼类 fish肉类 meat 猪肉 pork 牛肉 beef 小牛肉 veal羊肉 mutton 小羊肉 lamb 牛尾 oxtail 里脊 fillet排骨 spare ribs 腰子 kidney 肚子 tripe 肝 liver舌 tongue 下水 offals 蹄子 trotter 胗 gizzard鸡什 giblets 鹿肉 venison 鸡脯 chicken breast 甲鱼 turtle海味 seafood 虾 shrimp 干贝 scallop 螃蟹 crab鱿鱼 squid 海蜇 jellyfish 黄鳝 finless eel 海螺 whelk野味 game 兔 rabbit 鸽 pigeon 鹌鹑 quail龙虾 lobster 牡蛎 oyster 田螺 snail 田鸡 frog蛇 snake 腌肉 bacon 香肠 sausage 火腿 ham熊掌 bears paw 鱼翅 sharks fin 燕窝 birds nest 鲍鱼 abalone2切煮前的准备工作去骨 boning 例如，去骨鸭掌 boned duck webs打鳞 scaling 例如，去鳞鱼 scaled fish剥/去皮skinning 例如，去皮田鸡 skinned frogs脱壳 shelling 例如，虾仁 shelled shrimps腌制 pickling 例如，咸酸菜 pickled vegetables3常用刀法及用料形状（1）常用刀法切片 slice 切丝 shred 切丁 dice 切柳 fillet切碎 mince 捣烂 mash 酿入 stuff（2）常用用料形状肉/鱼片 sliced meat/fish或meat/fish slices肉丝 shredded meat或pork shreds肉/鸡丁 diced pork/chicken或meat/chicken cubes肉末 minced meat肉丸 meat balls肉馅 meat filling4中餐菜谱翻译法（1）直译法。英译时把对应的制作方法译出来，再以该菜的主要原料为中心词。如：炖牛肉 Stewed Beef（2）直译加注法。英译时直接按中文菜名译出其意，然后再补充说明其内在含义。如：狮子头 Lions HeadPork Meat Balls全家福 Happy FamilyA combination of shrimps, pork, beef, chicken, lobster and mixed vegetables with brown sauce（3）意译法。此法可分为三种情况：1）原料+with+作料。以原料为中心词，有时捎带把烹调法也译出，再加上用介词with或in与作料构成的短语即可。如：海米白菜 Chinese Cabbage with Dried Shrimps鱼香肉丝 Shredded Pork with Garlic Sauce2）作料+原料。即把作料用作修饰语，放在中心词原料的前面。如：咖喱牛肉 Curry Beef 古老肉 Sweet & Sour Pork3）以“实”对“虚”法。即舍去中菜名里的喻义、夸张等说法而用平直、明白的英语译出。如：以财好市 Black Moss Cooked with Oysters采凤喜迎春 Baked Chicken and Fried Quail Eggs蚂蚁上树 Vermicelli with Spicy Minced Pork龙虎凤大烩 Thick Soup of Snake, Cat and Chicken（4）“移花接木”法。借用西方人熟悉并了解的欧洲菜名或主食名来译部分中菜名与少数主食，因为它们之间有许多相似之处。译文地道、通俗易懂，能收到事半功倍的效果。如：烤排骨 Barbecued Spare Ribs 饺子 Chinese-style Ravioli（5）音译加释义法。先按中文用拼音译出，然后再加以解释性的英译，使英译文保留点“中国味”。如：包子 BaoziStuffed Bun 馒头 MantouSteamed Bread（6）“随机应变”法：原料+地名+Style。应用此法可以灵活地处理一些难以对付的地方风味特色。如：广东龙虾 Lobster Cantonese Style 麻婆豆腐 Bean Curd Sichuan Style5中餐常见的烹调方法 中菜的烹调方法至少有50多种，但大体不离：煮（boiling）、煲/炖（stewing）、烧/焖/烩（braising）、煎（frying）、炒（stir-frying）、爆（quick-frying）、炸（deep-frying）、扒（frying and simmering）、煸（sauting）、煨（simmering）、熏（smoking）、烤（roasting/barbecuing）、烘（baking）、蒸（steaming）、白灼（scalding）等基本方法。煮boiled 如“煮咸牛肉”（Boiled Corned Beef）煲/炖stewed 如“清炖牛尾”（Stewed Ox Tail n Clear Soup）煎（pan-）fried 如“红烧牛蹄”（Braised Ox Trotters in Brown Sauce）炒stir-fried 如“炒鸡丁”（Stir-Fried Chicken Dices）爆quick-fried 如“葱爆羊肉”（Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce）炸deep-fried 如“炸大虾”（Deep-Fried Prawns）扒fried and simmered 如“虾子扒海参”（Fried and Simmered Sea Cucumber with Shrimp Roe）煸sauted 如“干煸鳝鱼”（Sauted Eel Slices）煨simmered 如“煨牛肉”（Simmered Beef）焖braised 如“黄酒焖猪排”（Braised Pork Chops in Rice Wine）烩braised 如“烩鸡丝”（Braised Chicken Shreds with Peas）烘baked 如“烘鸽”（Baked Pigeon）蒸steamed 如“蒸鲜鱼”（Steamed Fresh Fish）酱/醋marinated 如“酱鸡”（Marinated Chicken）卤spicy; stewed in gravy 如“卤鸭”（Spicy Duck）涮instant-boiled 如“涮羊肉”（Instant-Boiled Mutton Slices）酿stuffed 如“酿青椒”（Stuffed Green Pepper）烤roast; barbecued 如“烤鹅”（Roast Goose）清蒸steamed(in clear soup) 如“清蒸桂鱼”（Steamed Mandarin Fish）清炖stewed in clear soup 如“清炖甲鱼”（Stewed Turtle in Clear Soup）白灼/嫩煮scalded 如“白灼海虾”（Scalded Prawns）红烧braised in brown sauce 如“红烧蹄筋”（Braised Pork Tendon in Brown Sauce）干烧in pepper sauce 如“干烧干贝”（Scallop in Pepper Sauce）麻辣with hot pepper 如“麻辣豆腐”（Bean Curd with Hot Pepper/Spice Bean Curd）酱爆in bean sauce 如“酱爆肉丁”（Diced Pork in Bean Sauce）鱼香in (spicy)garlic sauce 如“鱼香肉丝”（Shredded Pork in Garlic Sauce）糖醋with sweet and sour sauce如“糖醋排骨”（Spareribs with Sweet and Sour Sauce）宫保with chili and peanuts 如“宫保鸡丁”（Diced Chicken with Chili and Peanuts）脆皮crisp (in spicy sauce) 如“脆皮鱼”（Crisp Fish）香酥crisp fried 如“香酥鸡”（Crisp Fried Chicken）焦熘fried in sauce 如“焦溜鱼片”（Fried Fish Slices in Sauce）甜酸sweet and sour 如“甜酸肉”（Sweet & Sour Pork）胡辣with pepper and chili 如“胡辣海参”（Sea Slug with Pepper and Chili）油淋drip-fried with oil 如“油淋兔”（Drip-Fried Rabbit with oil）干煸dry-sauted 如“干煸季豆”（Dry-Sauted String Beans）盐水boiled in salt water 如“盐水虾”（Boiled Shrimps in Salt Water）家常home style 如“家常豆腐”（Bean Curd Home Style）陈皮with spicy orange peel 如“陈皮鸡”（Chicken in Spicy Orange Peel）回锅double-sauted 如“回锅肉”（Double-Sauted Pork Slices）五香spiced 如“五香牛肉”（Spiced Beef）干炸dry deep-fried 如“干炸羊肉”（Dry Deep-Fried Lamb Breast）软炸soft deep-fried 如“软炸里脊”（Soft-Fried Pork Fillet）酥炸crisp deep-fried 如“酥炸羊脯”（Crisp Fried Lamb Breast）串烤skewered 如“串烤羊肉青椒”（Skewered Mutton with Green Pepper）铁扒grilled 如“铁扒乳鸽”（Grilled Baby Pigeon）烧烤roast 如“烤乳猪”（Roast Suckling Pig）砂锅in casserole 如“砂锅鱼翅”（Sharks Fin in Casserole）锅巴with sizzling/crispy rice crust如“锅巴海参”（Sea Slug with Sizzling/Crispy Rice Crust）芙蓉with eggwhite 如“芙蓉海参”（Sea Cucumbers with Eggwhite）麻酱with sesame paste 如“麻酱海参”（Beche-de-mer with Sesame Paste）三鲜with two other delicacies如“三鲜海参”（Sea Cucumbers with Other Two Delicacies）醋溜sauted in vinegar sauce/gravy如“醋溜白菜”（Sauted Cabbage in Vinegar Sauce/Gravy）糟熘in distilled grains sauce 如“糟溜鸡片”（Sliced Chicken in Distilled Grains Sauce）凉拌in soy sauce 如“凉拌海蜇”（Jellyfish in Soy Sauce）酸辣hot and sour 如“酸辣黄瓜”（Hot and Sour Cucumber）姜汁in ginger sauce 如“姜汁扁豆”（Snap Beans in Ginger Sauce）蚝油in oyster sauce 如“蚝油香菇”（Mushrooms in Oyster Sauce）蒜泥with mashed garlic 如“蒜泥胡豆”（Broad Beans with Mashed Garlic）什锦mixed; assorted 如“什锦丝冬粉”（Assorted Shreds with Vermicelli）茄汁in tomato sauce 如“茄汁鸡脯”（Chicken Breast in Tomato Sauce）咖喱with curry 如“咖喱牛肉”（Fried Beef with Curry）八宝(stuffed)with eight delicacies如“八宝鸡”（Chicken Stuffed with Eight Delicacies）葱爆quick-fried with scallion in ginger sauce 如“葱爆羊肉”（Quick-Fried Lamb with Scallion in Ginger Sauce）粉蒸steamed in rice flour 如“粉蒸牛肉”（Steamed Beef in Rice Flour）奶油in cream sauce 如“奶油鱼肚”（Fried Fish Maw in Cream Sauce）木犀with scrambled eggs and fungus 如“木犀肉”（Fried Pork with Scrambled Eggs and Fungus）醉liquor-preserved 如“醉蟹”（Liquor-Preserved Crabs）辣味in chili sauce 如“辣味烩虾”（Braised Prawns in Chili Sauce）豆豉in black bean sauce 如“豆豉桂鱼”（Mandarin Fish in Black Bean Sauce）黄焖braised in rice wine 如“黄焖大虾”（Braised Prawns in Rice Wine）椒盐with pepper and salt 如“椒盐排骨”（Spare Ribs with Pepper and Salt）怪味multi-flavored 如“怪味鸡”（Multi-flavored Chicken）常见蔬菜Vegetables芹菜 celery 菠菜 spinach 西葫芦 summer squash/field pumpkin茄子 eggplant 苦瓜bitter gourd/balsam 冬瓜 wax gourd/winter melon辣椒 hot/red pepper/chilli 韭菜 Chinese leek 葱 scallion香菜 coriander 胡萝卜 carrot 白萝卜 white radish 蒜薹 garlic stem白菜 Chinese cabbage 菜花 cauliflower 柿子椒 sweet pepper豆芽 bean sprout 竹笋 bamboo shoot 芦笋 asparagus 藕 lotus root荸荠 water chestnut 芸豆 kidney bean 豇豆 cowpea刀豆 jack/sword bean 扁豆 hyacinth 豌豆 pea蚕豆 broad bean 红豆 aduki bean 绿豆 mung bean芥蓝 kale/cabbage mustard 青菜 greens/vegetables 红薯 sweet potato 生菜