高中英语基本构词法及练习题.docx

英语构词法中的派生法派生法 ：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。一、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disabledisadvantagedisagreedisappeardisapprove disclosediscolourdisconnectdiscontinuousdiscontinuediscountdiscouragedisorderillegal impossibleinaccurateinactiveinadaptable inapplicableinconstantinconvenientincredible incurable independent ineffectiveinformal invisible irregularirremovableirrespective irresponsiblemisfortune misguidemidinterpretmislead misread mistrust misunderstand misusenonmetalnoncooperation noninvolvementunable unacceptable unawareunbalance unbreakableuncertainunchangeableuncomfortableundecided unemployedundeterminedundeveloped unearthuneconomicalunfold unpack untie(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀 antianti-fascist anti-gasanti-imperialistanti-Japanese War b.前缀 autoautobiography autography c.前缀 bi- bicentury bilinguald.前缀 coco-operation coauthor coheire.前缀dedeform degrade devaluef.前缀 en- emenableencourage endangerenlargeenrich embitterg. 前缀 ex ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wifeh.前缀 mid- midday midnightmidtermmid-agedi. 前缀 multi-multiformmultilingual multimedia multipurposej. 21. 前缀 over- overcrowded overwork overloadoverproduceoverlook overcomek. 22.前缀 pre-prewarprehistoric prepay preconditionl.前缀 re- rewrite review recyclem.前缀 vice-vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premiervice-president二、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 (1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有： a、后缀 -age，构成抽象名词marriage percentage shortage storageb.后缀 al- 构成抽象名词arrival refusal approval survivalproposalremovalc.后缀 an ， -ian “人” 从事职业者”，构成名词。Italianlibrarian magician vegetarianmusicianpolitician technician d.后缀 -ance，-ence，构成名词.appearanceallowanceexistencepresenceperformanceignorance influenceintelligenceevidencediligence guidancepreferencesignificancee.后缀 -dom 构成名词kingdomfreedomf、后缀 -ee， -eer， -er，-or，构成表人的名词 beginnercompetitor conductor directoremployeeengineerexaminee intervieweetailorvolunteerg.后缀 -ess 构成表“雌性”的名词actress goddesshostesswaitressh、后缀 -ful 构成表“容量单位”名词a basketful ofa handful of mouthful spoonfuli.后缀 -ics 构成学科名词：gymnasticsphysicspoliticsmathematicsj、后缀 -ism ，构成名词Buddhismextremismimperialism terrorismpatriotismsocialismtourismk、后缀-ist 构成名词。bioiogist chemist economistspecialistextremist geologist physicistl. 后缀 -ment 构成抽象名词advertisementagreement amusementappointmentargumentarrangementdevelopment embarrassment equipmentestablishmentimprovementjudgment requirementtreatmentm.后缀 -ness 构成抽象名词：coolness correctness dampnessm. 后缀 -sion 构成抽象名词：aggressioncomparison conclusionexpressioninvasionpermissiontension n. 后缀 -th 构成抽象名词birthdepthlengthstrengthwarmthwidthyouth0. 后缀-tion 构成动作名词或抽象名词applicationcelebration classification creationcongratulation consideration consolidation descriptionp.后缀 ure，构成抽象名词failuremixtureq. 以-ity或ty结尾，构成抽象名词abilitycuriosityelectricityequalityidentitymajorityprosperitysociety(2) 构成动词的后缀常用的有：a. 后缀 -en ，形容词后的-en，构成及物动词。名词后的-en 构成形容词brighten deepenflatten frighten loosensharpenstrengthenwidenwoodenwoolenb.后缀 ize，构成及物动词apologize analysecategorizeorganizerealize(3) 构成形容词的后缀常用的有： a.后缀 -able acceptableadjustable admirable avoidableunbelievablecomparable endurable incrediblereasonablerecycleable respectablevaluablevisible b、后缀 al 构成形容词environmental grammatical naturaloccasionaloriginal operational personalpoliticalpractical professional traditional universalc、后缀-ant/-ent，构成形容词distant important patientconvenientpermanent urgent violentservantd、后缀 -ed 构成形容词：astonisheddelighted experiencedlearnedskilled unitede.后缀 -ful，构成形容词carefuldoubtfuldreadfulregretfulresourcefulforgetfulfrightfulhopefulrespectfultearfulf. 后缀 ic， 构成形容词basic economic enthusiastic electricenergeticheroichistoricsystematicg. 后缀 ing 构成名词或形容词amusing astonishing flaming greetingmisunderstanding promising satisfying suffering training h. 后缀 -ish 构成形容词：feverishfoolishSwedishSpanishi. 后缀 ive，构成形容词aggressive attractiveinstructivepersuasive predictivej.后缀 less，构成否定形容词careless hopeless helplessk、后缀 -ly 构成的形容costlydailyfriendlylivelylonelylovelyl. 后缀 ous 或 -ious 构成形容词：adventurous ambitious consciousenvious humorous industriousmountainous religious various m.后缀-y 构成的形容词或名词bloodybraverydifficulty honestyicyloyalty(4) 构成副词的常用后缀有： a.后缀-ly或ingly 构成的副词accurately constantly effectivelyfrequently generally indirectly三、经典例题2. The soldier died for saving the child，so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A. dieB. deadC. diedD. death5.The three- _chair isnt suitable for a young child. He may fall off.A. leggingB. leggedC. legsD. leged7.When the teacher praised him for working out the maths problem，Jack looked_about at his classmates.A. proudB. proudlyC. prideD. pridely8.To everyones _，the girl finished the job quite well.A. satisfiedB. satisfactoryC. satisfyingD. satisfaction10. No one should enter the spot without the_of the police.A. permitB. permissionC. permittingD. permittence四、专项训练1. You must come with us to the police _.Our head is waiting for you.A. headquartersB. headlineC. headmaster D. headache2.Letting that animal escape was no accident；you did it _.A. intendB. intentionC. intentionally D. intentional3. The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.A. practiceB. practiseC. practicalD. practiced4. My TV is out of order. Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War? A. latelyB. latestC. laterD. latter5. The Great Wall is more than 6000 li in _.A. longer B. lengthC. longD. longing6.To my _，I passed the exam easily.A. joyB. joyfulC. joylessD. joyness7. Canada is mainly an_country.A. English-speakingB. speak-EnglishC. spoken-EnglishD. English-spoken8. The necklace that she lost is very expensive. Its of great _.A. valuable B. valueC. valueless D. unvaluable9.The letter “b” in the word “doubt” is_.A. sound B. silentC. silence D. sounded10. What you said sounded_ but in fact it was untrue.A. reasonableB. reasonfulC. reasonlessD. unreason11. We have to learn _technology from other countries.A. advance B. advancingC. advantageD. advanced12.Youd better give up smoking if you want to keep _.A. health B. healthyC. healthily D. healthier13._ speaking，I didnt do it on purpose.A. HonestlyB. HonestC. HonestyD. Dishonest五、课堂总结1、否定前缀、其他前缀2、名词、形容词、副词、动词常用后缀。六、课后作业一、请用括号里给出的词汇的正确形式填空。1. I wrote him a letter to show my_(appreciate) of his thoughtfulness.2. The first tomb was built at the_(begin) of the 15th century. 3. Painting is a _(create) process. 4. For our homework tonight, we have to write a _(describe) of the street where we live. 5. The _ (discover) of gold on their land made the people rapidly rich. 6. Id just like to _ (emphasis) how important it is for people to learn foreign language.7. My grandfather is as_(energy) as a young man and hates sitting around doing nothing at all. 8. The first lesson was very_(enjoy)-I like it a lot! 9. These discoveries proved the_(exist)of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200.000 years ago. 10. A smile is the u