大学英语四级阅读理解强化集训 四级阅读理解综合测试.doc

大学英语四级阅读理解强化集训 四级阅读理解综合测试Part I Reading Comprehension (Skimming /版权所有沪江网and Scanning)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For question 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Too much Vitamin do more harm than goodIf youre banking on a daily vitamin to make up for any deficiencies in your diet, you may be getting a whole lot moreor lessthan you bargained for.Of 21 br鐱湩沪江四六级欢迎您!版权所有沪江网湩鐱ands of multivitamins on the market in the United States and Canada selected by ConsumerL and tested by independent laboratories, just 10 met the stated claims on their labels or satisfied other quality st峧/group.htm版权所有沪江网峧andards. Most worrisome, according to ConsumerL president Dr. Tod Cooperman, is that one product.The Vitamin Shoppe Multivitamins Especially for Women, was contaminated with lead. “I was definitely shocked by the amount of lead in this womans product,” he said. “Weve never seen that much lead in a multivitamin before.” Other products contained more or less of a particular vitamin than listed on the label. And some did not dissolve in the correct amount of time, meaning they could potentially pass through the body without being fully absorbed.“Half the products were fine, half were not, said Cooperman.ConsumerL is a Westchester, N.Y.based company that independently evaluates hundreds of health and nutrition products 棊/goal.htm版权所有沪江网棊and periodically publishes reviews. In the new report, released to MSNBC.com, the company purchased a selection of the popular multivitamins on the market as well as some smaller brands and sent them, without labels, to two independent laboratories to be tested.On a positive note, several of the most popular multivitamins on the market did pass muster, said David Schardt, a senior nutritionist at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, a nonprofit consumer advocacy group in Washington, D.C. These included Centrum Silver, Members Mark Complete Multi (distributed by Sams Club), One A Day Womens 鹔頀聅溷版权所有沪江网溷聅頀鹔and Flintstones Complete.“I think this confirms the advice often given: Youre safer choosing a well-known brand sold by some company or store that you have confidence in,” Schardt said. “There are no guarantees but thats your best bet.”Random vitamin testing isnt foolproof. For instance, because ConsumerL tested several bottles from a particular lot number of each vitamin, its not a given that products produced at a different time would have the exact same contents. But detectable problems are a red flag that there could be problems with a companys production process.In the report, tests showed that The Vitamin Shoppe womens product contained 15.3 micrograms of lead per daily serving of two tablets.This amount of lead is more than 10 times the amount permitted without a warning in California, the only state that regulates lead in supplements, Cooperman said. On average, most American adults are exposed to about 3 micrograms of lead through food, wine 柢周瘷梐/group.htm版权所有沪江网梐瘷周柢and other sources, he said, and while 15.3 micrograms of lead per day may not be immediately toxic, the mineral is stored in the body and could build up to dangerous levels with time.“I would be concerned about a woman taking a multivitamin that contains 15.3 micrograms of lead per daily serving,” said Judy Simon, a dietitian at the University of Washington Medical Center in Seattle. Among other effects, she said, lead can contribute to high blood pressure.The analysis also showed that Hero Nutritionals Yummi Bears, a multivitamin for children, had 216 percent of the labeled amount of vitamin A in the retinol form, delivering 5,400 International Units (IU) in a daily serving. Thats substantially more than the upper tolerable level set by the Institute of Medicine of 2,000 IU for kids ages 1 to 3 粥駒熙讇/myfeed/版权所有沪江网讇熙駒粥and 3,000 IU for those 4 to 8. Because too much vitamin A can cause bone weakening and liver abnormalities, the Yummi Bears “could be potentially doing more harm than good,” Cooperman said. “Vitamin A is one of those vitamins where you really dont want to get too much.”Schardt said the lead and vitamin A findings are worrisome because vitamins are generally taken every day, potentially building up to toxic levels 梻嵫蚣/event/版权所有沪江网蚣嵫梻and leading to problems down the line. In particular, he noted, women with high levels of lead in their bodies who become pregnant could pass on problems to a fetus.David Morrison, vice president of scientific and regulatory affairs at The Vitamin Shoppe, said his companys products are all tested more than once, including screening for lead, and he questioned the new results. “It would be very surprising to me if this were actually true,” he said. Hero Nutritionals did not respond to calls seeking comment. Steve Mister, president 拻圚鍠/版权所有沪江网鍠圚拻and CEO of the Council for Responsible Nutrition, a trade group in Washington, D.C., that represents supplement manufacturers, said that if the findings on lead and vitamin A are, in fact, accurate, “that is not acceptable for the industry.” But he also said that top manufacturers consistently produce quality products and that with 150 million Americans taking vitamins or other dietary supplements annually, few problems surface. “If we had a serious issue of safety, wed be hearing concerns from consumers in large numbers 桳/podcast.htm版权所有沪江网桳and were not,” he said. The ConsumerL report also found that some vitamins didnt break apart within the 30minute standard set by the United States Pharmacopeia. Natures Plus Especially Yours for women required more than an hour to disintegrate, while AARP Maturity Formula took 50 minutes.Mark Kitchens, an AARP spokesperson, said the Maturity Formula undergoes routine testing, and that during testing in November “among the attributes tested was dissolution 嵚駊厷閶/版权所有沪江网閶厷駊嵚and it met FDA requirements.” Still, “as precautionary measures to protect our members” AARP is pulling the product from the market and offering refunds to anyone who has purchased it, he said. In other findings, Eniva VIBE, a multivitamin liquid sold in packets, had only 54 percent of the claimed vitamin A.ConsumerL also tested a vitamin marketed for dogs called Pet-Tabs Complete Daily Vitamin-Mineral Supplement for Dogs and found the product was contaminated with 1.4 micrograms of lead per tablet.Whether most peopleor dogs, for that matterreally need to take a multivitamin is a subject of debate.Experts agree that prenatal vitamins are important for women who are pregnant or may become pregnant, 忏簹墕阫傭/q/版权所有沪江网傭阫墕簹忏and that people with very poor diets can benefit from nutrients in a pill. Schardt says multivitamins offer everyone “an inexpensive insurance policy.” But Cooperman and many dietitians note that its better to get your nutrition from a well-balanced diet. “In many cases, you dont need a multivitamin,” Cooperman said.1. If you ask vitamin for compensating for the lack of nutrient in your daily diet,_.A) you may feel the results the same as you expectedB) you mayy feel ill after eating a lotC) you may not achieve what you imagineD) you may vomit after eating it2. Tod Cooperman said that lead in the multivitamin_.A) could be absorbed completelyB) couldnt absolutely be assimilatedC) could be good to the healthD) could be harmful to your breath3. Random vitamin testing is_.A) a very good method in the medical experimentB) not reliableC) widely used in the laboratoryD) admitted into hospital in the last few years4. Some products contained lead about the amount of 15.3 micrograms,_.A) which is allowed by the governmentB) which is less than the amount permitted in CaliforniaC) which is a little more than amount permitted in CaliforniaD) which is more than 10 times the amount permitted in California5. 15.3 micrograms of lead per day_.A) may not cause one to die immediatelyB) is not harmfull to the healthC) will cause one to be dead right awayD) is allowed by the government6. Schardt said that pregnant women with high levels of lead in their bodies could_.A) fall ill after a whileB) not have some vegetables that contained leadC) not walk around.D) pass on problems to her fetus.7. It is founded that Eniva VIBE_.A) had only 54 percent of the claimed vitamin AB) is a nutricious foodC) is as good as it claimedD) contained more vitamin than it claimed.8. On average, through food, wine 鼀/menu.htm版权所有沪江网鼀and other sources most American adults are exposed to lead about_.9. According to the article, too much vitamin A can cause_.10. Although Schardt says multivitamins offer everyone “an inexpensive insurance policy”, Cooperman and many dietitians note that its better to get your nutrition from_.Part II Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the blank more than once.The owner of a copyright has essentially two ways available to exploit the copyright. First, he or she can transfer the copyright to another party, possibly in 11 for a fixed sum or payment of royaltiesthis is known as 12 the copyright. The new owner can then 13 the copyright in the same way as the 14 author could have done.15 , the author can grant one or more licenses to copy the work. A license is essentially a written 16 to allow someone to do something which would otherwise be unlawful. Licenses may be either exclusive or non-exclusive. Exclusive licenses mean that only the 17 of the license can carry out certain restricted acts (even the owner is then prevented from carrying out these acts). For example, the author might 18 an exclusive license to distribute a book he or she has written: the author could not then grant a separate license to another publisher to publish the same book. A non-exclusive license does not prevent the copyright owner from granting 19 rights to other people. In principle, copyright assignment /版权所有沪江网and license can become quite 20 since it is impossible to assign or license only part of the right existing in a copyright.A) author B) Alternatively C) permission D) FormallyI) recipient J) assigning K) principle L) similarE) complex F) grant G) original H) differentM) enabling N) return O) exploitSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage 1Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer, 鐱湩沪江四六级欢迎您!版权所有沪江网湩鐱and you have made a different statement. Hold it for 3 seconds, and the meaning has changed again. For every social situation, there is a permissible time that you can hold a persons gaze without being intimate, rude, or aggressive. If you are on an elevator, what gazetime are you permitted? To answer this question, consider what you typically do. You very likely give other passengers a quick glance to size them up(打量) and to assure them that you mean no threat. Since being close to another person signals the possibility of interaction, you need to emit a signal telling others you want to be left alone. So you cut off eye contact, what sociologist Erving Goffman (1963) calls “a dimming of the lights”. You look down at the floor, at the indicator lights, anywhere but into another passengers eyes. Should you break the rule against staring at a stranger on an elevator, you will make the other person exceedingly uncomfortable, 峧/group.htm版权所有沪江网峧and you are likely to feel a bit strange yourself. If you hold eye contact for more than 3 seconds, what are you telling another person? Much depends on the person and the situation. For instance, a man and a woman communicate interest in this manner. They typically gaze at each other for about 3 seconds at a time, then drop their eyes down for 3 seconds, before letting their eyes meet again. But if one man gives another man a 3second-plus stare, he signals, “I know you”, “I am interested in you”, or “You look peculiar 棊/goal.htm版权所有沪江网棊and I am curious about you”. This type of stare often produces hostile feelings.21. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that_.A) every glance has its significanceB) staring at a person is an expression of interestC) a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptableD) a glance conveys more meaning than words22. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is_.A) to look into another passengers eyesB) to avoid eye contact with other passengersC) to signal you are not a threat to anyoneD) to keep a distance from other passengers23. By “a dimming of the lights”(Line 11, Para. 1) Erving Goffman means “_”.A) closing ones eyesB) turning off the lightsC) ceasing to glance at othersD) reducing gaze-time to the minimum24. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel_.A) depressed B) uneasy C) curious D) amused25. The passage mainly discusses_.A) the limitations of eye contactB) the exchange of ideas through eye contactC) proper behavior in different situationsD) the role of eye contact in interpersonal communicationPassage 2The picnics, speeches, and parades of todays Labor Day were all part of the first celebration, held in New York City in 1882. Its promoter was an IrishAmerican labor leader named Peter J. McGuire. A carpenter by trade. McGuire had worked since the age of eleven, and in 1882 was president of the United Brotherhood of Carpenters 鹔頀聅溷版权所有沪江网溷聅頀鹔and Joiners (UBCJ). Approaching the Citys Central Labor Union that summer, he proposed a holiday that would applaud(赞许)“the industrial spiritthe great vital force of every nation”. On September 5, his suggestion bore fruit, as an estimated 10,000 workers, many of them ignoring their bosseswarnings, left work to march from Union square up Fifth Avenue to 42nd Street. The event gained national attention, and by 1893 thirty states had made Labor Day an annual holiday.The quick adoption of the scheme may have indicated less about the state lawmakers, respect for working people than about a fear of risking their anger. In the 1880s the United States was a land sharply divided between the immensely wealthy 柢周瘷梐/group.htm版权所有沪江网梐瘷周柢and the very poor. Henry George was accurate in describing the era as one of “progress and poverty”. In a society in which factory owners rode in private Pullmans while tenyeaolds slaved in the mines, strong anti-capitalist feelings ran high. Demands for fundamental change were common throughout the labor press. With socialists dem粥駒熙讇/myfeed/版权所有沪江网讇熙駒粥anding an end to “wage slavery” and anarchists(无政府主义) singing the praises of the virtues of dynamite（炸药), middle-of-the-roaders like Samuel Gompers and McGuire seemed attractively mild by comparison. One can imagine practical capitalists seeing Labor Day as a bargain: A one-day party certainly cost them less than paying their workers decent wages.26. Judging from the passage, McGuire was_.A) a moderate labor leaderB) an extreme-anarchist in the labor movementC) a devoted socialist fighting against exploitation of man by manD) a firm anti-capitalist dem梻嵫蚣/event/版权所有沪江网蚣嵫梻anding the elimination of wage slavery27. We can see from the first paragraph that the first Labor Day march_.A) immediately won nationwide supportB) involved workers from 30 statesC) was opposed by many factory ownersD) was organized by the UBCJ28. Which of the following is the key factor in the immediate approval of Labor Day as a national holiday?A) The lawmakersrespect for the workers.B) The workers determination to have a holiday of their own.C) The socialistsdemands for thorough reform.D) The politiciansfear of the workersanger.29. We learn from the passage that the establishment of Labor Day_.A) was accepted by most bosses as a compromiseB) marked a turning point in the workersstruggle for more rightsC) indicated the improvement of the workerswelfareD) signaled the end of “wage slavery”30. McGuire proposed Labor Day in order to_.A) draw peoples attention to the striking contrast between the rich and the poo