初中英语五种时态

初中英语八种时态,一、一般现在时(simplepresenttense)1.形式一般现在时通常用动词原形来表示。be动词用am、is、are。主语是第三人称单数时动词的变化规律:一般动词后加-s；以s、x、ch、sh结尾，加-es；以辅音字母加o结尾，一般加-es；辅音字母加y结尾，变y为i加-es。,2用法a.表示经常发生的动作或现阶段的习惯性行为，常与时间状语often，usually，always，everyday，sometimes，seldom，never等连用。Ineverdomyhomeworkintheevening.Sometimesweplayfootballontheplayground.Heseldomlistenstomusic.b.表示现在的事实或状态。Chinaisadevelopingcountry.IlikeEnglishverymuch.c.表示格言，科学事实和客观真理。Pridegoesbeforeafall.骄者必败。Allthingsaredifficultbeforetheyareeasy.凡事总是由难而易。ShanghailiesintheeastofChina.上海位于中国东部。TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25isChristmasDay.,3.句式肯定否定疑问回答Helikeseggs.Hedoesntlikeeggs.Doeshelikeeggs?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesnt.Iwantanapple.Idontwantanapple.Doyouwantanapple?Yes,Ido./No,Idont.,4.做题时常见错误如下：一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例：Weareplant(plant)thetreesinspring.二、单三人称形式易出错例：1.Heplays(play)footballverywell.2.Dannygoes(go)toschoolat7:10.三、在句式变换时易出错例：1.DoesJennyhas(has)agoodfriend?2.Briandoesntlives(notlive)inChina.四、对do的理解易出错例：Wedont(notdo)ourhomeworkintheafternoon.五、对主语的数判断有误例：LiMingwithmeare(be)inBeijing.另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。,5.中考真题及模拟（2009东城区一模）Mary_thepianowell.Sheisoftenaskedtoplayattheconcert.A.playB.playsC.playingD.played(2009海淀区一模）Mymotherwilltakemetothemovieifshe_freethisweekend.A.isB.willbeC.wasD.wouldbe(2009崇文区一模)Thegirlswillhaveatripifit_fine.A.isB.wasC.willbeD.hasbeen(2008北京)Hellsendusamessageassoonashe_inSichuan.A.isarrivingB.willarriveC.arrivedD.arrives（2007武汉）Whatdoyoudo?Imanengineer.I_inacompanyinWuhan.Ilikemyjobverymuch.A.workB.hadworkedC.willworkD.worked(2006武汉)Isyourfatheradoctor?Yes,heis.He_inTownHospital.A.hasworkedB.hadworkedC.worksD.worked(2006陕西)Everyyearmanyforeigners_toChinatolearnChinese.A.havecomeB.comesC.cameD.come,二、现在进行时(presentcontinuoustense)1构成be（am/is/are）+动词的现在分词,2用法a.表示现在正在进行或发生的动作。Heiseatinganicecream.他正在吃冰激凌。Letswait.Thechildrenarecrossingthestreet.b.表示当前一段时期内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时不一定正在进行）。Weareworkingonafarmthesedays?这些天我们在一个农场干活。c.表示位置移动或趋向的词，如go，come,start，leave,arrive,move等常用进行时表将来。HeisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.Imcoming!Whatsthescorenow?我就来！现在比分是多少？Wearemovingtoabighousenextmonth.下个月我们将搬到一所大房子里。d.与always,constantly,forever等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。Youarealwayschangingyourmind.,3.现在分词的构成规则1）一般情况，在动词后加ing，例词work-working，study-studying，go-going2）以不发音的e结尾，去e再加-ing，例词have-having，live-living，take-taking3）重读闭音节，只有一个辅音字母结尾，双写该辅音字母，再加-ing，例词cut-cuttingstop-stopping，forget-forgetting，begin-beginning4）以ie结尾，变ie为y再加-ing，例词die-dying，lie-lying，tie-tying,4.形式肯定句否定句疑问句简要回答Iamstudying.Iamnotstudying.AmIstudying?Yes，Iam/No，Iamnot.,5.一般现在时和现在进行时的区别(1)一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，现在进行时表示正在发生的行为。a.Heiscleaninghisroomnow.他在打扫房间。Hecleanshisroomeveryday.他每天都要打扫房间。b.TheyarevisitingChina.他们正在中国观光。TheyoftencometoChinaforavisit.他们经常来中国观光。(2)一般现在时表示现在的状态。Helikesjiaozi.Theyhavealotoffriends,考例：Mr.Smith_shortstories,buthe_aTVplaythesedays.A.iswritingiswritingB.iswritingwritesC.writesiswritingD.writeswrites6.中考真题及模拟(2009崇文区二模)Dontturnofftheradio.I_tothenews.A.listenB.havelistenedC.listenedD.amlistening(2009朝阳区一模)HaveyouseenMr.Smith?Yes.Look,he_hisbikeoverthere.A.cleansB.cleanedC.iscleaningD.hascleaned(2009海淀区一模)WheresSusan,Mike?She_inthekitchen.A.cooksB.cookedC.iscookingD.hascooked(2009西城区一模)Haveyougotajoboffer?Notyet.I_.A.waitedB.amwaitingC.waitD.waswaiting(2009宣武区一模)DoyouthinkJohnwillhelpmemovethepiano?Youdbetternotaskhim.He_acomposition.A.writeB.writesC.iswritingD.wrote(2009崇文区一模)Wheresthechildren,MrBlack?Oh,they_theirPElessonontheplayground.A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad（2008北京）DontturnontheTV.Grandma_now.A.issleepingB.willsleepC.sleptD.sleeps,(2007北京)Whatareyoudoing,Cathy?Im_mycat.Icantfindit.A.lookingforB.lookingatC.lookingupD.lookingafter（2006北京）Whatsyourbrotherdoinginhisroomnow?He_akite.A.makesB.madeC.ismakingD.willmake(2005北京)-WhereisFranknow?-He_hisbikeintheyard.A.fixesupB.fixingupC.isfixingupD.fixed（2008辽宁）Mary,couldyouhelpme?Waitamoment.I_.A.readabookB.didmyhomeworkC.waswatchingTVD.amcookingdinner(2007浙江)Listen，who_intheroom?Letsgoandsee.A.iscryingB.cryingC.cryD.criesThey_about“SupperVoiceGirl”.letsjointhem.A.talkB.aretalkingC.havetalkedD.talked(2006山东威海)Areyouababy-sisterhere?No.I_afterthebabyinsteadofMsGreen.Sheisawayforshopping.A.lookB.amlookingC.havelookedD.looked,三一般过去时(simplepasttense)1概念一般过去时表示过去某一时刻，某一段时间发生的动作或存在的状态。一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。,2构成一般过去时用动词的过去式表示。be的过去式有was，were两种；have的过去式是had；规则动词的过去式在动词词尾加-ed，具体构成规则如下：1）一般情况，动词后加ed，例词work-worked，clean-cleaned，play-played，wash-washed2）以不发音的e结尾，-d，例词live-lived，move-moved，hope-hoped，arrive-arrived3）以辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i再加-ed，例词study-studied，carry-carried，cry-cried，identify-identified4）以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母加-ed，例词plan-plannedstop-stopped，beg-begged，grab-grabbed,3用法(1)表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态。如：Hewentshoppingwithhisfriendslastweek.Theyarrivedtenminutesago.Hebecameahotelmanagertenyearsago.Didyougototheconcertlastnight?(2)表示在过去经常发生的动作或习惯动作。如：Hevisitedhisgrandparentsonceamonthlastyear.Sheusuallywenttoworkbycarlastyear.WhenIwasatschool,Ialwayswenttoschoolbybus.,4.如何识别一般过去时常见的标志词有：1）.yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday.2）.lastweek/year/month/term(简称last系列)3）.twohoursago,threeyearsago,amomentago(简称ago系列)4）.in/on+过去的年/月/日，如in1999,onApril,20055）.justnow,onceuponatime,oneday,5.易错点例析：（1）Yourphonenumberagain?I_quitecatchit.Its4331577A.didntB.couldntC.dontD.cant(2)Mr.Smithisntcomingtonight.Buthe_.A.promisesB.promisedC.willpromiseD.hadpromised(3)Hey,lookwhereyouaregoing!Oh,Imterriblysorry._.A.ImnotnoticingB.IwasntnoticingC.IhaventnoticedD.Idontnotice(4)Ohitsyou!I_you.Ivehadmyhaircut.A.didntrealizeB.haventrealizedC.didntrecognizeD.dontrecognized(5)Sinceyouveagreedtogo,whyarentyougettingready?ButI_thatyouwouldhavemestartatonce.A.dontrealizeB.didntrealizeC.hadntrealizedD.haventrealized(6)Itstwelveoclock,IthinkImustbeoffnow.Oh,really?I_itatall.A.dontrealizeB.haventrealizedC.didntrealizeD.hadntrealizedKey：ABBCBC,6.中考真题及模拟(2009朝阳区一模)Hewentintohisroom,_thelightandbegantowork.A.hasturnedonB.willturnonC.turnsonD.turnedon(2009海淀一模)WhatsthebestfoodhaveyouhadinBeijing,Alex?Roastduck!I_toafamousrestauranttohaveitlastweek.A.havegoneB.goC.willgoD.went(2009宣武区一模)Doyouknowhowmanygoldmedalsthe23-year-oldMichaelPhelps_atthe2008SummerOlympicGames?Eight.A.winB.winsC.wonD.haswon(2008北京)WewereinQingdaolastweekand_greatfunthere.A.willhaveB.havehadC.hadD.have(2007北京)Whatdidyoudoafterschoolyesterday?I_basketballwithmyfriends.A.playB.playedC.willplayD.amplaying（2005北京）-Hi,Kate.Youlooktired.Whatsthematter?-I_welllastnight.A.didntsleepB.dontsleepC.haventsleptD.wontsleep(2008四川泸州)Yesterday，Tonysfamily_agoodtime.A.hasB.haveC.had（2007湖南湘潭）Imsorryyouvemissedthetrain.It_10minutesago.A.leftB.hasleftC.hadleft,(2007福州)MrGreen,_you_ThreeLanesandAlleys（三坊七巷）lastSunday?No,butIllvisitthemnextweek.A.will;gotoB.have;beentoC.did;gotoD.have;goneto(2007浙江)Whatdidtheteachersayjustnow?He_usnottoplaycomputergamesallday.A.tellsB.toldC.hastoldD.istold(2007江西)Inventorshavechangedthewaywelive.Sotheyarefamousforthegreatthingsthey_.A.doB.didC.aredoingD.haddone(06江西)WheresthecakeImadethismorning?We_it,mum.Canyoumakeanotheroneforus?A.ateB.eatC.willitD.wereeating(2006天津)Haveyoumendedyourshoes，Bob?Yes，I_themtwentyminutesagoAhavemendedBmendChadmendedDmended(2006威海)TheofficewasbrokenintolastnightSomeonethinksyoudiditButI_thewholenightwithmybestfriend，JohnAspendBamspendingCspentDhadspent,四一般将来时（thefuturetense）用法：表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作。Iamgoingto/willwatchafootballmatchthisevening.,形式：（1）“begoingto/助动词will/beto+动词原形”，主语是I、we时，助动词也可用shall.begoingtodo表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可表示根据目前情况判断很有可能但不是注定会发生某事；will/shalldo表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可以表示不以人的意志为转移的客观规律，betodo表示根据计划或安排将要做某事，也可以表示征求对方意见，还可以表示必要性或可能性。Eg.Hewillgotohishometownnextweek.Theyaregoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate.(2)come，go,start,move,sail,leave等非延续性动词常用进行时表示按计划将要发生的事。Eg.Thewholefamilyisgoingfortwoweeks.全家要去两个星期。Mysisteriscomingtoseeme.Shellbeheresoon.（3）在时间或条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。Eg.Illgotoseeyouifitdoesntraintomorrow.,常用的时间状语：tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,nexttime,“in+一般时间”,fromnowon,later(on),soon等。,中考真题及模拟(2009朝阳区一模)I_tothebookshopassoonasschoolisoverthisafternoon.A.willgoB.havegoneC.goD.went(2009西城区一模)When_forHongKong,doyouknow?Imnotsure.Whenhe_,Illletyouknow.A.heleaves;leavesB.willheleave;willleaveC.heleaves;willleaveD.willheleave;leaves(2009崇文区一模)WherewilltheygonextSunday?They_totheGreatWall.A.willgoB.goC.hasgoneD.went(2007北京)I_theCDstoyouifIhavetimetomorrow.A.willreturnB.returnedC.havereturnedD.return（2005北京）Frank_afilmifhesfreenextSaturday.A.seeB.sawC.hasseenD.willseeIwanttoknow_thedayaftertomorrow.A.whathewilldoB.whatwillhedoC.whathedidD.whatdidhedo,（2008襄樊）Hashereturnedthelibrarybookyet?Notyet.Dontworry.He_itsoon.A.returnedB.hasreturnedC.willreturnD.returns(2007河南)Lookatthenoisykids!Haventyouheardthesaying“Whenthecatisaway,themice_.”?A.playB.playedC.areplayingD.willplay(2006厦门)Hedoesnttellmewhenhe_.Illcallyouupassoonashe_.A.willcome,arrivesB.comes,arrivesC.willcome,willarrive(2006常德)Ifit_tomorrow,we_traveloutside.A.willrain;willB.rains;wontC.willrain;wont(2006江西)Jim,canyouhelpmetowashthedishes?Sorry,Dad.I_totheshop.A.goB.wentC.amgoingD.havebeen(2008广东)Ihearthathewillbeback_twoweekstime.A.atB.inC.afterD.for,五、现在完成时(PresentPerfectTense),现在完成时是初中英语中最重要也最难掌握的一个时态，同时也是中考英语中一个最重要的时态考点.,基本构成“have/has+过去分词”其中have/has为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not.助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。,2、主要用法现在完成时主要有两种用法，一种是已完成用法，也叫影响性用法；另一种是未完成用法，也叫持续性用法。两种用法的特点是：1).已完成用法（影响性用法）：表示动作发生在过去某个不太确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果，同时说话者强调或感兴趣的就是这个影响或结果.还可表示刚刚、已经做完某事，曾经或未曾做某事。常与already,just,yet，ever,never，thepastfewyears，before等连用,如：Hasshefoundhercarkey？她找到她的车钥匙了吗？（对现在的影响或结果：她能开她的车了吗？）-Haveyouhadlunchyet?-Yes,Ihave.Ivejusthadit.你（已经）吃午饭了吗？我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）Astronautshavealreadybeentothemoon.宇航员已经去过月球了。Ihaventreadyournovelyet.我还没有读你的小说。Hehasneverdrivenacarbefore.他过去从未开过车。Haveyoueverbeenateacher？你当过教师吗？Ourhometownhaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.我们家乡在过去的几年里变化很大。,2).未完成用法（持续性用法）：该用法的现在完成时表示一个过去发生的动作并未在过去完成，而是一直持续到现在，并且有可能继续下去（也可能到此结束）。常有下列标志：for+时间段（tenyears,alongtime等）；since+时间点（twooclock,August2003,等）；recently，sofar,uptonow等。如：Howhaveyoubeen？你近来怎样？Shehasbeenateacherfor20years.她已当了20年的老师。HowlonghaveyoubeeninShanghai？你在上海已经多久了？Ihaventseenhersincelastweek.自上周以来我一直未见过她。Imethimin1975andhaventseenhi