高考名词讲解及练习

二、名词Nouns 知识要点： 一、名词的种类： 1、专有名词： 1)China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack(不加冠词) 2)the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the Peoples Republic of China, the United States等。(由普通名词构成的专有名词,要加定冠词。) 2、普通名词： 1)不可数名词 注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词,尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。 如：have a wonderful time. 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时,可用复数形 式。 如：fishes, newspapers, waters, snows | | | | 各种各样的鱼 各种报纸 河湖、海水 积雪 有些抽象名词也常用复数,变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代,works著作,difficulties困难 在表数量时,常用“of”词组来表示。如： a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper. 2)可数名词： 可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外,一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly. The frog is a kind of hibernating animal. Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh. 有复数形式： a)规则变化加“s”或“es”(与初中同,略) b)不规则变化child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), phenomenon(phenomena) 注意：c)单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼)。如, a sheep, two sheep d)只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes, e)形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics(塑料),means. f)形单实复：people (人民,人们),the police, cattle等 g)集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时,为单数；当作 为整体中的各个成员时,为复数。如： My family is a big one. My family are music lovers. h)复合名词变复数时,a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如： sister(s)-in-law嫂子,弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。 b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人,go-between(s)中间人 c)woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servantmen servants, a woman doctorwomen doctors 二、名词的所有格： 1、表有生命的东西(人或动物)的名词所有格,一般在名词后加“s”。如：Mikes bag, Childrens Day, my brothers room, womens rights 注意：1)名词复数的词尾是-s或-es,它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers Day, the workers rest-home(工人疗养院),the students reading-room 2)复合名词的所有格,在后面的词后加“s”。如：her son-in-laws photo(她女婿的照片)；anybody elses book(其他任何人的书) 3)如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有,则在最后的一个名词后面加“s”； 如果不是共有,则每个词后都要加“s”。如：Jane and Helens room. 珍妮和海伦的房间(共有). Bills and Toms radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的 收音机(不共有) 4)表地点(店铺,某人的家等)的名词所有格后面,一般省去它所修饰的名词。如： the tailors (裁缝铺) the doctors (诊所) Mr Browns (布朗先生的家) 5)有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词,也可加“s”表所有格。 如：half an hours walk (半小时的路程) Chinas agriculture (中国的农业) 2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组,表示所有格。如：the cover of the book 3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of,特别是名词较长,有较多的定语时。如： the story of Dr Norman Bethune Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate? 4、“of词组+所有格”的用法： 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词(如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等)时,常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如： a friend of my fathers 我父亲的一位朋友。 some inventions of Edisons 爱迪生的一些发明 those exercise-books of the students 学生们的那些练习本。 【专项训练】： 1、There are only twelve in the hospital. Awoman doctors Bwomen doctors Cwomen doctor Dwoman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two , both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-law Bbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law 3、How many does a cow have? Four. Astomaches Bstomach Cstomachs Dstomachies 4、Some visited our school last Wednesday. AGerman BGermen CGermans DGermens 5、The of the building are covered with lots of . Aroofs; leaves Brooves; leafs Croof; leaf Droofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 7、That was a fifty engine. Ahorse power Bhorses power Chorse powers Dhorses powers 8、My father often gives me . Amany advice Bmuch advice Ca lot of advices Da few advice 9、Mary broke a while she was washing up. Atea cup Ba cup of tea Cteas cup Dcup tea 10、Can you give us some about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information 11、I had a cup of and two pieces of this morning. Ateas; bread Bteas; breads Ctea; breads Dtea; bread 12、As is known to us all, travels much faster than . Alights; sounds Blight; sound Csound; light Dsounds; lights 13、She told him of all her and . Ahope; fear Bhopes; fear Chopes; fears Dhope; fears 14、The rising did a lot of to the crops. Awater; harm Bwater; harms Cwaters; harm Dwaters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school? Its about . Ahalf an hours drive Bhalf hours drives Chalf an hour drives Dhalf an hour drive 16、The shirt isnt mine. Its . AMrs Smith BMrs Smith CMrs Smiths DMrs Smiths 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of . AMarys mother BMarys mothers CMary mothers DMarys mothers 18、Last week I called at my . Aaunt Baunts Caunts Dauntes 19、The beach is a throw. Astone Bstones Cstones Dstones 20、I can hardly imagine sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. APeter BPeter CPeters DPeters 【答案】： 1、B 2、A 3、C stomach(胃)虽是“ch”结尾,但其发音为k,所以加“s”,不用加“es”。 4、C 5、A roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式,直接