2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试试题及答案(A)

重庆大学网络教育西安学习中心2008年11月北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试试题及答案(A) Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1这篇文章是关于在印度科学家新发明出来的一种生产或者产生电力的新的方式，用小牛来产生能源的一种方式。Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Scientists in India have invented a new way to produce electricity. Their invention does not get its power from oil, coal or other fuels. It produces electricity with the power of animals. India has about eighty million bullocks. They do all kinds of jobs. They work in the fields. They pull vehicles through the streets. They carry water containers. (76)Indian energy officials have been seeking ways to use less imported oil to provide energy. Scientists at the National Institute for Industrial Engineering in Bombay wondered whether the millions of bullocks could help. Many villages in India lack electricity, but they have many bullocks. And often the animals are not working. One job done by bullocks is to pump water out of the well. The animals do this by walking around and around in a circle. As they walk, they turn a heavy stick that makes the pump move. This simple technology is centuries old. Scientists thought that the same technology could be used to produce electricity. Bullocks walk in a circle only two or three times a minute. This is much too slow to produce electricity, but it can create enough power to turn a series of gears. A large gear sits next to a smaller gear. As the large gear turns, it causes the smaller gear to turn. That gear turns an even smaller one. Each gear moves faster because it is a little smaller. The smallest gear may turn extremely fast. (77)Clocks operate with gears. So do cars and so does the device invented by the Indian scientists to produce electricity.According to the officials in the United Nations, the idea is being tested at several places in India. The device is easy to operate and repair. And it can be moved easily. It costs about three hundred and seven dollars now to make such a device, but production of large numbers of them could cut the cost of each to about two hundred dollars.1. Who first thought of using bullocks to provide energy?答案】B这是一道细节题，我们会发现浏览以后，我们会找到第一道题可以准确定位到第一句话，到底是谁发现了用小牛来产生能量的方式，我们会发现文章的第一句话就明确指出了是印度的科学家，所以这道题可以读到第一句话的时候就找到答案。A Indian energy officialsB Scientists in IndiaC Officials in the United NationsD Researchers in Europe.2. Which kind of job that the bullocks do is NOT mentioned in the passage?【答案】D第二道题的时候问哪一种工作是小牛没有做过的工作？这个题的正确的定位的词应该是小牛这个单词，而且这个单词我们会发现在文章当中是用括号标注出来的，在第一段里面我们会看到，第一次出现小牛的时候是讲到在印度一共有8千万头小牛，这个地方并没有提到小牛的工作，紧接着一句话就是它们做各种各样的工作，所以我们可以确定第二题的答案应该是在后面出现，于是我们可以看见，它提到了小牛工作的内容有，在田地间劳作。第二个是它们可以在街上拖拉运输工具。第三个是它们可以运输一些盛水的容器，一共提到了三个，紧接着还可以在下面看到一些关于小牛工作的内容。再往下面看到还有一个工作是抽水，所以整个这一小段话里面已经提到的小牛可以做到的工作，已经涉及到了拖拉运输工具并且可以抽水，比较难的两个答案是B和D，其中一个答案是耕地，最后一个答案是运输装有物品的篮子，这两个答案当中我们可以回忆一下，其实B答案就是我们在提到小牛工作的项目当中的第一个工作的转述，第一个是小牛在田间劳作，它与第二个答案这两个单词是指小牛在田间的具体工作，是耕地。而最后一个答案在文章当中没有提及，所以这道题可以通过快速定位以后找到正确答案，是D。A Pulling vehiclesB Plowing fieldsC Pumping water out if wellsD Carrying food baskets.3. Why are bullocks used to provide energy in India?【答案】D第三个题是为什么小牛用来提供能源？在这里面有几个可以定位的词分别是小牛还有能源以及印度，我们可以在文章的第一段话里面找得到。可以找到能源，能源当然在这篇文章当中提到的主要是电，所以我们可以找电或者是能源这样的单词，于是在刚才我们读到的那一个部分就是小牛可以抽水这个部分，我们可以看到它提到了产生能源的一种方式是这个动物它之所以能抽水，就是自己会绕着圆圈走，通过走的方式，它们可以转动一根非常沉的棍子，并且让水泵开始运动起来，通过这样的一句话，咱们其实已经找到了这道题的答案，就是之所以小牛一直被用来产生能量，是因为当时在前面也提到了，在印度有5千头小牛，而且小牛基本上在这个地方没有被利用起来。所以这道题我们可以快速地找到答案D。A Because bullocks have long been used by Indian peopleB Because bullocks walk slowly and are easy to controlC Because there are few non-working bullocks in IndiaD Because there is not enough oil in India4. In the sentence “This simple technology is centuries old” in Paragraph One, “This simple technology” refers to _.【答案】C第四个题是已经把定位的句子写在了题目当中，我们可以找到这个句子，并且在原文当中是用黑体标识出来的。它说这个简单的技术已经有几个世纪，已经应用了几个世纪，它问这个句子主要是指的什么？刚才其实已经提到了这个技术，抽水的这个技术就是小牛通过不断地转圈拉动中间很沉的一根棍子，让水泵开始运动的一个技术，所以最后我们可以看到它C答案就是刚才这一部分的同意转述。A using bullocks to produce energyB using pumps to draw water outC having bullocks walk around to make the pump moveD connecting gears of different sizes to produce electricity.5. Which of the following is true about the device mentioned in the passage?【答案】D第五题讲到到底是哪一个在文章当中提到的，关于这个设备。在文章当中我们可以看最后一段话，第一件事情提到了想法，第一句话根据联合国的官员，这个想法在印度的几个地方正在测试当中，这句话在文章当中提到了，所以我们在答案当中可以看到有这样的完完全全一模一样的表述，因此，选择D项。 A It has a large gear and a smaller gear.B Its easy to use, but difficult to move.C Its quite cheap.D Its still being tested.Passage 2第二篇文章在讲在办公场所吸烟对公司以及对吸烟者和非吸烟者的影响Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:On-the-job smoking is a hot issue for both smokers and non-smokers, and many managers now see smoking as a productivity problem. Although some people question whether smoking really affects ones productivity, it has, in fact, been proven that a smoker costs a company more than a non-smoker. According to Professor William Weis, a smoking employee costs his or her employer about $ 5,700 more a year than a never-smoker. These costs include medical care, lost earnings and insurance. And absence due to smoking breaks is one of the productivity problems, yet it accounts for a great deal of employer costs.(78) When the issue of smoking at the workplace is discussed, perhaps the most important problem is the health risk that smoking causes to both smokers and never-smokers. It has long been proven that smoking is linked to lung cancer. Now many health experts warn that passive smoking can cause lung cancer and other illnesses in healthy never-smokers. Passive smoking can be defined as exposure to second-hand tobacco smoke in enclosed areas. Anyone who has been with smokers indeed knows that their smoke can cause eye irritation, coughing, headaches and throat soreness. While eye irritation may seem a small thing to some smokers, it nevertheless is a problem that occurs every workday in offices and break-rooms and can lead to greater health problems. Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment. Surgeon General Koop states that the right of the smoker stops at the point where his or her smoking increases the disease risk of those occupying the same environment.6. All the following cases are on-the-job smoking except that_.【答案】D这是一道细节题，句子不太完整，需要填写的部分。第一道题就是我刚才讲到的，根据经验就可以做判断的一道题，因为第六小题问在工作场所抽烟，下面哪些属于工作当中抽烟的情况，第一个，一个员工在办公室抽烟。第二个是一个出租车司机在开车的时候抽烟。第三个是一个工人在工作室里面抽烟。第四个一个工人在火车上抽烟，那么这道题是根本不需要看文章就可以做出答案的，直接就可以选择D答案，因为其他ABC都是在工作场所抽烟的情况，因为是在火车上，公共场所，不是在工作的时候抽烟。A an employer smokes while working in the officeB a taxi driver smokes while driving the carC a worker smokes while working in the workshopD a worker smokes while reading in the train7. According to the passage, on-the-job smoking affects an employees performance in the office in that_.【答案】B第七题也是可以通过经验或者猜测选择的答案，根据文章在工作当中抽烟会影响一个员工的表现，在办公室的表现主要是因为什么？在这里面有一个词表示因为的意思，到底是因为什么？这里面我们可以看到答案，第一个在工作的时候，它可能不太专注工作。第二个他可能经常会离开他的座位去吸烟的地方。第三个他可能经常会要求病假。最后一个他可能会因为眼睛受到干扰而不时需要休息，这道题我们可以至少通过逻辑猜测出，他说是在上班的时候抽烟对于员工表现的影响，我们大致可以猜测出有可能是A、B或者是C，而不会想到是因为眼睛受到烟熏而不断地要休息。但是，break在这儿其实是指在工作场所抽烟的话对员工的影响，主要影响的方面是指员工经常要休息，这个抽烟可能就会让他离开他的办公场所，其实我们可以找到同意转述就是第二个答案，就是经常会离开他的座位去到抽烟的房间，而不是经常会请病假。这道题最主要的问题就是对于这两个词的理解，就应该可以找得到B项的同意转述。A he can concentrate on what he is doing while smokingB he often goes away from his desk to smoke in the break-roomC he often asks for sick leave as a result of too much smokingD he takes a rest from time to time because of eye irritation8. Many managers do not seem to be in favor of on-the-job smoking mainly because it _.【答案】A第八题也是细节题，也是需要在文章当中得出答案的，很多的经理都不喜欢员工在上班的时候抽烟，主要原因是什么？这道题也是可以通过自己的经验，至少可以排除答案。第一个他说经理不喜欢人抽烟，是因为这样的话可能会减少生产力，降低效率。第二个是可能会造成对于公司的非吸烟者身体的伤害。第三个是会影响吸烟者和非吸烟者的关系。最后一个让抽烟的屋子变得又拥挤而且污染非常大，从这道题我们可以判断出，既然是经理不喜欢人抽烟，那一定是不喜欢抽烟影响到工作，基本上可以判断答案是选A，不需要看文章。A reduces productivity of the company to a certain degreeB does harm to the health of never-smokers of the companyC affects the relationship between smokers and non-smokersD makes the break-rooms more crowded and more polluted9. Passive smoking means_【答案】C第九题应该算是一个词汇题，如果里面的这个单词大家认识的话，就看到这个题目本身就可以选择答案，假设这个词我们不知道，我们可以看一下它的题目，它的答案，有一种抽烟意味着什么？A是不抽烟的人也是没有办法，也是不情愿地开始有了抽烟的习惯。第二个不抽烟的人要忍受抽烟者抽烟的行为。C是不抽烟的人要不断地吸入很多烟。最后一个是不吸烟的人可能会跟吸烟者共用一个封闭的空间。从这个答案当中我们好像已经发现了我们所说的前面不认识的词，好像是跟不吸烟者有关系的，这样的一类吸烟到底意味着什么，我们经常谈论到抽烟，吸烟和不吸烟者，一般谈论到吸烟的话，其实一般谈论到吸烟的都是被动吸烟或者是二手烟，再根据文章，我们知道是被动吸烟就应该选择C答案。A never-smokers take up the habit of smoking unwillinglyB never-smokers have to put up with the active smokersC never-smokers take in smoke released by a lit cigaretteD never-smokers share an enclosed area with smokers10. In the second part of the passage, the author suggests banning on-the-job smoking so as to_.答案】B第十题，根据文章的第二个部分，作者暗示，禁止在工作当中抽烟主要是为了什么？明确已经告诉我们阅读的文章，所以我们也可以带着答案找到最后一段仔细阅读，A是可以减少医疗费用。B可以创造一个健康而且安全的工作环境。C阻止眼睛被烟熏成为一个非常大的健康问题。D改善或提高抽烟者的工作的效率。通过读文章找到“Employees who do not smoke should not be subjected to the risks of passive smoking and need to be able to work in a safe environment”，因此选择B项。A cut down costs of medical care and insuranceB create a healthy and safe working environmentC prevent eye irritation from becoming a big health problemD improve the smoking employees work efficiencyPassage 3这篇文章主要在讲关于药物研究而引发的争论Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passageNot all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive these experiences in nightmares(噩梦).(79)Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase(抹去), the effect of painful memories.In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. (80) So far the research has suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it.Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers troubling memories after war. They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories.“Some memories can ruin peoples lives. They come back to you when you dont want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry at Harvard MedicalSchool. “This could relieve a lot of that suffering.”But those who are against the research say that it is very dangerous to change memories because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past.“All of us can think of bad events in our lived that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. Im not sure we want to wipe those memories out,” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist.11. The passage is mainly about _.【答案】D十一题是主旨题，这种题只要快速的浏览一下就可以解决问题。这篇文章到底在讲什么的时候，咱们一定要把整篇文章的内容结合在一块儿理解，我们会发现不是简简单单讲一个医疗的发明，也不是讲关于记忆的研究，也不是在讲一种消除痛苦经验的方式，其实是在讲关于药物研究而引发的争论，所以我们选择最后一个答案，因为这篇文章我们可以发现笔墨用得比较多的是在最后五段话里面，主要是讲前面所有研究引发的争论的内容。选D项。A a new medical inventionB a new research on memoriesC a way of erasing painful memoriesD an argument about the research on the pill12. The drug tested on people can _.【答案】C十二题是一个细节题。十二题我们已经发现这个题目的位置在什么地方，他说药物在人身上可以起到什么样的作用？快速浏览以后我们有印象是在第三段提到过这个药物的作用，会停止身体释放出化学物质，这种化学物质可以让记忆固定在脑子里面，这句话已经非常明确，我们看一下下面哪一个答案就是这句话的同意转述，A是这种药物能够让大脑固定一下记忆，这其实是断章取义，刚才那个句子我们一定要读仔细，刚才那句话说的是，这种药物可以阻止身体释放出一种化学物质，而这种化学物质可以让大脑可以固定一些记忆，因此我们看到B，阻止人们回忆起它的经验，根本没有提到这句话。C是换了一个词，阻止，阻止身体释放出某些化学物质，这是完全正确的。选C答案是正确的。A cause the brain to fix memoriesB stop people remembering their experiencesC prevent body producing certain chemicalsD wipe out the emotional effects of memories13. We can infer from the passage that_.【答案】D十三题是推理题， 从这个文章里面可以推理出什么，这个题我们就因为看了刚才的大致的意思以后，我们可以用排除法把正确的答案选出来，看一下A，他说人们怀疑这个药物的效果，我们在文章当中根本没有看到这样的内容，只是在讲好记忆坏记忆，药物要发展出来了，这个药物有这样的作用，人们觉得这个药物有好有坏，这个有好有坏当然大家也可以仔细看一下这个主要讲的是什么，可以看到，好多人是觉得可以把坏的记忆删除掉，避免痛苦，也有人认为如果是把坏的记忆删除掉的话，会让人失去自己的特制，失去特有的特点，所以在这儿并没有讲到药物本身的效果到底是好还是坏。B是指这个药物会阻止人们的坏的经验，根本就没有讲到，这是一个非常绝对的答案，其实药物只是起到一个让人们只是减少回忆，不能完全的删除回忆，所以也不是正确答案。C是吃药的话就可以影响人们的健康，这个根本就没有提到，文章当中提到的内容就只有最后一个答案，这个药物有可能在美国生产了一些，这个是通过题目当中是否提到这样的一个原则可以判断出来。A people doubt the effects of the pillsB the pill will stop peoples bad experiencesC taking the pill will do harm to peoples healthD the pill has probably been produced in America14. Which of the following does Rebecca Dresser agree with?【答案】C十四题是细节题。要找到这个人的名字，找到他说的话，这个人说的那句话是在最后一段，是说所有的人都认为在我们的一生当中出现的坏的事情通常都是恐怖的，但是这些恐怖的事情其实会让我们成为现在这个样子，他说我不太确定我们是否应该把这样的一些记忆删除掉，从这句话里面我们会发现，这个人他同意的事情是第一个，有些记忆会损伤人的生活，其实这个人觉得不应该删除人坏的记忆，坏的记忆会让人显露自己的特点。C是经历一些坏的事情其实是让我们和其他人不同，最后一个这种药物可以减少人们的痛苦，可以看出来选C答案，他刚才提到的那句话已经说到，坏的记忆其实可以让我们成为我们现在这个样子，会让我们和别人不一样，所以应该选C答案，也不算非常难，三个阅读题里面比较难的题就是第二段的第七小题和刚才讲到的十三小题，很有可能会过度推断选择错误的答案。A Some memories can ruin peoples lives.B People want to get rid of bad memories.C Experiencing bad events makes us different from others.D The pill will reduce peoples sufferings from bad memories.15. The word “scars” in Paragraph One is close in meaning to _.【答案】B十五题是一个词汇题，并且已经告诉咱们是在第一段里面出现了scare这个单词，它的意思和下面哪个单词的意思更接近，带着这几个题目提到的一些问题，我们可以快速地浏览一下文章。看到文章以后，我们会发现第一段话是在讲记忆，记忆有好有坏，好的记忆关于什么，坏的记忆关于什么，坏的记忆有可能产生恶梦，在第一段话里面我们尤其要重视黑体字，涉及到解决第五题的关键词，我们仔细读一下，首先讲到有一些记忆，不是所有的记忆都是好的，有些人的记忆会有一些坏的经验，比如说暴力的行为或者说车祸都可能会给人造成身体上的或者说情绪上的，就是第五题里面出现的那个词，这道题我们可以猜测出来，暴力或者是车祸会给人们带来，前面有一个词叫恐怖的身体和精神上的肯定是难受或者不舒服，不好，我们其实完全可以不按照题目的顺序就看第五题，第五题里面的第一个词，好故事，第二个词，痛苦，第三个词，经验，最后一个词叫记忆，看完以后我们就知道，这样的一些不好的暴力的一些经验，经历，会给人们留下的肯定是带来身体和心理上的创伤或者是痛苦，所以咱们应该选择B。A good storiesB painsC experiencesD memoriesPart II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. Dont be too _ about things you are not supposed to know.A strange B amusingC curious D conscious【答案】C在考形容词的语意的辨别，你能够读懂这个单词的意思就可以找出答案，这句话我们读完以后翻译一下，他说不要对你本不应该知道的事情如何，我们看一下答案，第一个是陌生，第二个是开心的，是指事情开心，事情让人觉得搞笑的意思，第三个好奇的，第四个有意识的，最后可以确定选择C，根据句子的意思和搭配，只有好奇这个单词可以在后面加上about，紧接着加名词表示对什么事情好奇，对于你不应该知道的事情不要过于好奇。17. Hes got himself into a dangerous situation _ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A where B whichC while D why答案】A考定语从句，到底是用关系代词还是关系副词。我们看一下前面的部分，他说他自己处于一个非常危险的境地，这个“境地”这个词一出现以后，后面出现了一句话，名词后面如果出现从句的话，而且这个地方也不是动词后面加宾语，是在继续说明什么样的情况，应该是一个定语从句。他很有可能会失去对飞机的控制，整个这句话我们会发现后面不缺主语和宾语，这个情况如果代到后面的句子里的话，应该发现他会说在这种情况下，在这种危险的情况下，他不太可能能够操控这个飞机，所以最后选择A答案。18. In order to change attitudes _ employing women, the government is bringing in new laws.A about B ofC towards D on【答案】C考名词的搭配。为了改变态度，为了改变关于什么事情的态度，关于雇佣妇女的这件事情的态度，这个单词只要表示对某件事情有什么样的态度，环境搭配是要选择C答案，这个必须靠平常的积累。后面是为了要改变这种态度，政府就要开始出台一些新的政策，新的法规，这道题选C，固定搭配19. The fact came up _ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A what B whichC that D whose【答案】C它的语法点考察的是同谓语从句的割裂，当一个名词需要解释说明它的内容太长，又做主语，谓语太短的情况下，于是就把同谓语从句放在句子的末尾，看到这个句子我们可以判断出从谓语从句，后面就在解释和说明具体的一个事实，哪个事实出现了，特殊的一些说话的声音，6岁的小孩就可以辨别这样的一个事实出现了，这个其实是同谓语从句，连接的词只能用C答案，因为同谓语从句不缺成分，也不缺意义的，所以选择C。20. It is generally believed that teaching is _ it is a science.A an art much as B much an art asC as an art much as D as much an art as【答案】D这道题是在做比较，比较的一个从句，这个句子我们在课堂上也专门讲过，它的比较方式首先要把做比较的连接词写在最前面，然后紧接着写比较的形容词，如果后面还需要有名词的话，加much的后面，选D答案。21. _, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.A However the story is amusing B No matter amusing the story isC However amusing the story is D No matter how the story is amusing【答案】C考察状语从句的连接词，看到这句话以后，首先可以知道，这个故事无论有多么可笑，我一定要搁在一边，都要认真学习，我们需要的连接词是无论如何的意思，无论如何这个词又有一个特殊的要求就是它后面要紧跟着所修饰的形容词，所以在这句话里面我们可以看到符合这个要求的只有C答案。最后一个答案也是一样的。22. For the sake of her daughters health, she decided to move to a warm_.A weather B temperatureC season D climate【答案】D这道题比较简单，他说为了女儿的身体健康，觉得要搬家搬到一个比较温暖的地方去，有温暖的气候的地方去，我们可以看到这几个词区别非常大，A是天气，某一天或者某一个时段。B是温度。C是季节，D是气候，应该搬到气候比较温暖比较宜人的地方去，应该选择D。23. Be careful when you cross this very busy street. If not, you may get _ by a car.【答案】B这是在课堂上做过原题，你在过街的时候一定要小心，如果没有的话，你可能会被车碾过，选择B。A run out B run overC run away D run after24. _, some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless.A Strangely enough B Enough strangelyC Strange enough D Enough strange【答案】A主要是在讲副词和形容词的区别的时候提到过，我们看这句话应该知道，我们在改错的时候，讲语法的时候也提到了，副词可以起到修饰动词的作用，做状语，而形容词一定修饰名词，所以我们看到这句话就会发现，横杆后面打了一个逗号，应该是缺少句子的状语，所以从这一点也可以看到要用副词形式，应该在A和B里面选答案，A和B最大的区别，到底这个单词放哪个位置，平常我们应用的时候就知道它放在形容词、副词的后面，所以选择A。25. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it.A to see B to be seenC seeing D seen【答案】B 二十五题是我们在课堂上讲过的原题。对于这对老夫妇来说去国外旅游是好事情，但是还得看到底他们喜不喜欢，这个词相当于是一个系动词，后面如果出现动词的话，肯定要用非谓语动词的形式，而且这件事情还没有发生，看到后面他们是否将会喜欢，说明他们还没有去旅行，所以应该用不定时表示将来。紧接着应该看到A和B这两个答案，主语其实指的