剑桥10阅读解析test2.doc

剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE1阅读解析1. 总体难度概括：中等2. 文章介绍： 标题： tea and the industrial revolution 话题： 历史类3. 词汇准备： a段 anthropological adj. 人类学的 historian n. 史学工作者 wrestle v. 斗争 enigma n. 奥秘 birth n. 诞生 strike v. 罢工；打击；冲击 b段 puzzle n. 谜团 factor n. 因素 drive v. 推动，驱动 affluent adj. 富足的 criteria n. 标准【criterion的复数】 sufficient adj. 足够的 convinced adj. 确信的 c段 propose n. 提议 cupboard n. 柜橱 fuel v. 助燃，加速 antiseptic adj. 防腐的，杀菌的 property n. 性能 tannin n. 单宁酸 ingredient n. 配料 hops n. 啤酒花 succumb v. 屈从 dysentery n. 痢疾 eccentric adj. 奇怪的 deduction n. 推理 skepticism n. 怀疑论 wary adj. 谨慎的 admiration n. 羡慕 strengthen v. 加强 notable adj. 值得注意的 distinguished adj. 杰出的 favorable adj. 有利的 appraisal n. 评价 d段 alight v. 偶然发现 static adj. 静态的 virus n. 病毒 bacteria n. 细菌 malaria n. 疟疾 sanitation n. 卫生 e段 dig v. 探寻 reveal v. 揭示 antibacterial adj. 抗菌的 agent n. 药剂 preserve v. 保护 malt n. 麦芽 gin n. 杜松子酒 f段 grip n. 掌握，控制 prevalence n. 流行 coincidence n. 巧合 clipper n. 帆船 sip v. 啜饮 g段 forge v. 伪造 futures n. 期货 wheel n. 轮子4. 题型分析这篇文章是由二种题型组成，都是阅读考试中常见的题型。段落选标题+判断题5. 题目解析questions 1-7 段落选标题List of HeadingsI The search for the reasons for an increase in populationII Industrialization and the fear of unemploymentIII The development of cities in JapanIV The time and place of the Industrial RevolutionV The cases of Holland, France and ChinaVI Changes in drinking habits in BritainVII Two keys to Britains industrial revolutionVIII Conditions required for industrializationIX Comparisons with Japan lead to the answer1 Paragraph A: 答案为IV, 工业革命的时间和地点。根据第一段“Why did this particular Big Bang-the world-changing birth of industry-happen in Britain? And why did it strike at the end of the 18thcentury?意思为：为何在英国出现？为何在18世纪出现？2 Paragraph B: 答案为VIII, 工业革命所需要的条件。根据第二段“For industry to take off, there needs to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor, easy transport to move goods around, and affluent middle-class willing to buy mass-produced objects, a market-driven economy and a political system that allows this to happen.”意思为：技术，人口，交通，富裕的中产阶级，市场经济和政治体制会有助于工业革命的出现。3 Paragraph C： 答案为VII, 英国工业革命的两个关键。根据第三段“The missing factors, he proposes, are to be found in almost every kitchen cupboard, Tea and beer, two of the nations favorite drinks, fuelled the revolution.”意思为：厨房柜橱里的茶和啤酒加速了革命的出现。4 Paragraph D: 答案为I, 人口增加原因的探寻。根据第四段“Between about 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain was static. But then there was a burst in population growth. Macfarlane says: The infant mortality rate halved in the space of 20 years, and this happened in both rural areas and cities, and across all classes. People suggested four possible causes.”意思为：1650和1740年之间人口基本没变，然后出现大的变化。人们觉得有四种原因。5 Paragraph E： 答案为VI, 英国喝酒习惯的变化。 根据第五段“We drank bear. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to help preserve the beer. But in the late 17thcentury a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again.”意思为：之前和啤酒是因为酒中放了抗菌的药剂，但是后来对麦芽征税，所以人们改喝水和杜松子酒。6 Paragraph F: 答案为IX, 与日本比较后得出的结论。根据第六段“Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities about the same time, and also had no sanitation. Water-borne diseases had a much looser grip on the Japanese population than those in Britain.”意思为：和同时在发展大城市的日本相比，英国人得病的情况要比日本严重。7 Paragraph G: 答案为II, 工业化和失业的恐惧。根据第七段“Macfarlane notes that even though 17thcentury Japan had large cities, high literacy rates, even a futures market, it had turned its back on the essence of any work-based revolution by giving up labor-saving devices such as animals, afraid that they would put people out of work.”意思为：即使日本在17世纪出现的城市发展，文化程度高，良好发展的期货市场，仍旧恐惧人们会失业的问题。questions 8-13 判断题8 Chinas transport system was not suitable for industry in the 18thcentury.9 Tea and beer both helped to prevent dysentery in Britain.10 Roy Porter disagrees with Professor Macfarlanes findings.11 After 1740, there was a reduction in population in Britain.12 People in Britain used to make beer at home.13 The tax on malt indirectly caused a rise in the death rate.8 通过in the 18thcentury和China定位到第二段倒数第二句。After all, Holland had everything except coal, while China also had many of these factors.荷兰除了没有煤炭其它都有，中国也有这些因素中的很多。文中并没有提到中国的交通系统在18世纪不适合工业发展。所以答案为NOT GIVEN9 通过Tea and beer还有dysentery定位到第三段第二句。Allowed urban communities to flourish at close quarters without succumbing to water-borne diseases such as dysentery. 茶叶和啤酒可以帮助战胜痢疾这样的疾病。这里的succumb意思为屈从，所以通过上下文得知可以预防痢疾。故答案为TRUE.10 通过Roy Porter和findings定位到第三段最后一句。Macfarlanes case has been strengthened by support from notable quarters-Roy Porter, the distinguished medical historian, recently wrote a favorable appraisal of his research. 通过“case has been strengthened by support和a favorable appraisal of his research”得知并非disagree, 所以答案为FALSE.11 结合1740和reduction定位到文章第四段第三局。“Between about 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain was static. But then there was a burst in population growth.”通过分析得知reduction与a burst in population growth直接矛盾，所以答案为FALSE.12 通过used to make beer at home定位到文章第五段倒数后四句。We drank bear. For a long time, the English were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops, which were added to help preserve the beer. But in the late 17thcentury a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again.”通过分析得知文章没有提及过去在家里制作啤酒，所以答案为NOT GIVEN.13 通过malt定位到原文第五段倒数“But in the late 17thcentury a tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin and in the 1720s the mortality rate began to rise again.”通过分析得知mortality rate began to rise again与a rise in the death rate表达一致，故答案为TRUE.剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE2阅读解析Gifted children and learning天赋小孩与学习一、文章难度概括 这篇文章难度一般，文章比较容易读懂，儿童教育类题材大家比较相对较熟悉。二、文章分析A段：教育环境与智商有关B段：学习策略的举例C段：能力强的学习者常使用自动调节学习策略D段：老师只需在学习过程中做适当的引导E段：个人性格与学习成就有关F段：学习受到情感上的影响三、词汇准备A段Intelligence 智慧Verbal 口头的Manipulate 利用B段：Emerge 出现Qualitative 定性的，性质上的External 外部的，表面的Internal 内部的，内在的Emotional 情感上的Awareness 意识Metacognition 元认知Curiosity 好奇心C段：Self-regulatory 自动调节Succinctly 简洁的Adjustment 调节D段：Conversely 相反Tendency 趋势Diminish 消除Autonomy 自治，自治权Deprived 缺乏足够教育的E段：Theoretical 从理论上来说的Vital 重要的Domain 领域F段：Facilitate 促进，帮助Inhibit 抑制，禁止Harness 驾驭四、题型分析这篇文章由三种题型组成，都是阅读考试中常见的题型。段落信息配对人名理论配对句子填空。五、题目解析Question 14-17题型：Information Matching （段落信息配对）题号翻译题解14家庭背景对有天赋孩子的影响的参考A段第八和第九行：verbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home. home与parents与domestic 替换。15如果学习者被给予太多的指导，那么会失去某些东西。D段第二行：conversely, teachers who have a tendency to overdirect can diminish their gifted pupils learning autonomy. 老师给予太多的指导，这将会减少有天赋小孩的学习主动性。Overdirect与too much guidance替换，diminish替换lost。16焦虑带来的破坏的影响。F段第三行：fear, for example, can limit the development of curiosity, which is a strong force in scientific advance. 例如，焦虑会限制好奇心的发展，而好奇心是科学发展的主要动力。17帮助弱势学生的教学方法D段倒数第三行：there are quite a number of new methods which can help, such as child-initiated learning, ability-peer tutoring, etc. 有一些方法可以起到作用，例如儿童自主学习，学习伙伴的辅导等。Question 18-22题型： Matching （人名理论配对）题号翻译题解18做题准确的有天赋的学生可以花更少的时间在练习上。C段倒数第四行： if they merely think more quickly, then we need only teach more quickly. If they merely make fewer errors, then we can shorten the practice fewer errors与accurate 替换，shorten与less time， practice与exercise替换。19独立性会帮助有天赋的学生达到目标E 段第五行above a certain high level, characteristics such as independence seemed to contribute more to reaching the highest levels of expertise than intellectual skills. 在超过一个高水平之后，独立性会帮助其到一个更高的水平。Self-reliance与independence替换。20有天赋的小孩指导如何控制情绪去帮助他们的学习。F段review of emotion in the learning of very high IQ and highly achieving children, she found emotional forces in harness. 研究了高智商人群在学习中的情绪，她发现这群人的情绪掌控力强。21有天赋的小孩可以从他们亲近的家属中受益。A段第七行：the higher the childrens IQ scores, especiallyverbal interactions with parents, number of books and activities in their home. Parents与close relatives替换。22真正成功的学生对他们的领域了解很多。E段第二行：knowledge is also vital to outstanding performance: individuals who know a great deal about a specific domain will achieve at a higher level. 那些对某个特别领域非常了解的人会取得更高的水平。Question 23-26题型：Sentence Completion （句子填空）题号翻译题解23研究发现小孩的智商与在家里可以获得的_以及_有联系。用home定位，A段第九行：number of books and activities in their home. 所以并列的是books and activities。24拥有一般能力的小孩似乎需要更多来自老师的指导，因为他们没有_。B段第六行：more average-ability or older pupils, for whom external regulation by the teacher often compensates for lack of internal regulation. Lack of与do not have 替换。25元认知涉及到小孩理解他们自己的学习策略，以及发展_。B段倒数第四行：emotional awareness is also part of metacognition, so children。Also相当于as well as。答案填emotional awareness。26老师所依赖的_往往在班级的测试中产生一系列好的成绩 。D段第三行：although spoonfeeding can produce extremely high examination results. Impressive grades与high examination results替换。剑桥雅思10TEST2 PASSAGE3阅读解析1. 总体难度概括：难2. 文章介绍： 标题： Musecum of fine art and their public 话题： 艺术类词汇准备：B段词性解释manuscriptn.手稿Reproductionn.复制品In addition to短语除此之外Signifyv.表示C段Accuratea.精确地Apprenticen.学徒Originala.最初的Duplicationn.复制品D段Despitep.尽管Spreadv.散播Promotev.提升，促进Statusn.地位E段Placev.放置Severea.严重的Limitationn.局限性F段Exhibitn.展览Relatea.相关Impressv.留下深刻印象G段Viewern.观众Alterv.改变Deterv.制止，阻止Assignv.分配H段diversea.多样的Sculpturen.雕像Createv.创造I段Vitala.重要的Appreciatev.欣赏J段Approachn.方法Harmonyn.和谐Conservev.保存Criticismn.批评K段Emergev.出现Suppressv.压制Accessiblea.可接近的Warningn.警告3. 题型分析这篇文章是由三种题型组成，都是阅读考试中常见的题型。Summary+ 判断 + 单选4. 题目解析Questions 27-31 summaryPeople go to art museums because they accept the value of seeing an original work of art. But they do not go to museums to read original manuscripts of novels. Perhaps because the avalability of novels has depended on 27_for so long, and also because with novels, the 28 _ are the most important thing.However, in historical times artists such as Leonardo were happy to instruct 29_ to produce copies of their work and these days new methods of reproduction allow excellent duplication of surface relief features as well as colour and 30_.It is regrettable that musenms still promote the superiority of original works of art, since this may not be interested of the 31_.A institutionB mass productionC mechanical processesD publicE paintsF artistG sizeH underlying ideasI basic technologyJ readerK picture framesL assistants解析：27.B,在第二段的第八行，it possible to print out huge number of texts, 意思是小说可以大量印刷。28.H，第二段倒数第六行，with novels, the readers attend mainly to the meaning of words.人们关注的是小说背后的文字。Words改为了ideas。29.L，artist定位到了第三段的第五行，考官把后面的apprentices该成了assistants.30.G,此题和29题中间的标点符号是逗号，一般是在同一个段落。在第三段的倒数第三行，original scale是原始尺寸，该成了size.31.D,在第六行的开头说one limitation is related to the way the museum presents its exhibits.局限性是是他的展出。32.The writer mentions londons National Gallery to illustrate A The undersirable cost to a nation of maintaining a huge collection of art B The conflict that may arise in society between financial and artistic values C The negative effect a museum can have on visitors opinions of themselves D The need to put individual well-being above large-scale artistic schemes33.The writer says that today, views may be unwilling to criticise a work because A they lack the knowledge needed to support an opinion B they fear it may have financial implications C they have no real concept of the work value D they feel their personal reaction is of no significance34. According to the writer, the displacement effect on the visitor is caused by A the variety of works on display and the way they arranged B the impossibility of viewing particular works of art over a long period C the similar