中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态

精品文档中考英语语法专项复习：被动语态英语动词有主动和被动两种语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,又叫施动者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，又叫受动者。区分主动语态和被动语态，主要看主语是执行者还是承受者。如：The flowers and grass should be watered .(_语态)We should water the flowers and grass .(_语态)一 构成 1.被动语态是由“助动词be +过去分词”构成的，助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化。Tom broke the cup .(主动语态) The cup was broken by Tom .(被动语态)2.被动语态有以下8种：一般现在时：be(am / is are) +过去分词 Trees are planted in spring .一般过去时：be(was / were) +过去分词 The house was built last year .现在进行时：be(am / is are) + being +过去分词 The car is being repaired .过去进行时：be(was / were) + being +过去分词 现在完成时：have / has + been +过去分词 The light has been turned off .过去完成时：had + been +过去分词 一般将来时：will be +过去分词 Lei Feng will be remembered by us forever .含情态动词的：情态动词+ be +过去分词 My homework can be finished in two hours .3.被动语态常用于以下场合：不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时。如：My bike was stolen yesterday .我的自行车昨天被偷了。强调动作的执行者时，使用“by +动作的执行者”。如：The pen was used by my father .这支钢笔是我父亲用过的。 只有及物动词才有被动形式，不及物动词如rise / come / go / take / place / happen等，没有被动形式。二 主动语态变被动语态的步骤通常遵循以下三个步骤：1 把主动语态的宾语变成被动语态的主语。2 把主动语态的谓语动词变为与其时态相对应的被动形式，且与被动语态的主语保持人称和数的一致。3 将主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，置于句末。“by +宾语”在句中常省略。主动语态：Many people speak English . 这里还需要连线！被动语态：English . is spoken by many people .如：Lu Xun wrote this book . This book was written by Lu Xun .这本书是鲁迅写的。 People are cutting down many trees now . Many trees are being cut down now .现在许多树正被砍伐。三 主动语态和被动语态的转换1.双宾语的被动形式双宾语的句子在变为被动语态时，有两种变法： 如果把指人的间接宾语变为主语，那么指物的直接宾语保留不动。如：His teacher gave him a book .He was given a book by his teacher . He has bought me a present .I have been bought a present . 如果要将指物的直接宾语变为主语，那么动词后要用介词to / for，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定的。如：His teacher gave him a book .A book was given to him by his teacher . He has bought me a present .A present has been bought for me . 常见的能接双宾语的动词有give / show / bring / lend / send等，这些词与介词to搭配；buy / make / draw等，这些词与介词for搭配。2.动词短语的被动语态 许多不及物动词加上介词或副词后构成的短语动词相当于及物动词，是一个不可分割的整体，在变为被动语态时不能把短语动词分开，也不能漏掉短语动词中的介词或副词。 如： We should speak to old men politely .Old men should be spoken to politely . He always takes care of his sister .His sister is always taken care of (by him). She turned off the radio .The radio was turned off (by her).3. 省略的to动词不定式用于被动语态 在主动语态中，一些表示感官或使役的动词，如hear / watch / see / feel / notice / listen to / look at / let /make / have和help等后面的宾语补足语是不带to的动词不定式，但句子在变为被动语态后要加to。如： He made the girl stay at home .The girl was made to stay at home . We often hear her sing in the room .She is often heard to sing in the room . The boss made them work for 16 hours a day .They were made to work for 16 hours a day (by the boss).4. 主动形式表被动意义 动词need，want以及短语be（well）worth等后面常接动名词，以主动形式表示被动意义。如：The room needs cleaning .这房子需要打扫。 The piece of music is worth listening to .这首曲子值得听。 某些表示主语质地、自身特征的动词，如write / wash / sell / clean / cook等，常和副词well或easily连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The cloth washes easily .这种布容易洗。 The pen writes well .这支笔很好用。练习一、用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1. Many TV sets _ (make) every year in this factory .2. All the exercises must _ (finish) before class is over .3. The PRC _ (found) on October 1, 1949.二、单项选择1. English _ by many countries, but Chinese people _ Chinese.A. is spoken; speak B. is spoken; are speak C. speaks; speak2. They _ a new school in the village now. It _ before September this year . A. are building; will be built B. are building; will build C. are building; will built 3. If the small trees _ , they will grow up quickly . A. are taken good care of B. are taken good care C. take good care of 4. Where did you go last night ? I _ to Toms birthday party. A. am invited B .was invited C. invited5. These shirts _ well , because they _ nice . A .are sold ; are looked B. sell ; look C. sell ; are looked6. The flowers _ every day , or theyll die . A. should be water B. must be watered C. must water7. Dont worry , Your son _ . A. must be find B. must be found C. must be found8. Your dress looks beautiful. Thank you .It _ by my mother last year. A. made B. is made C. was made9. The window _ last night, so it _. A. isnt closed; was broken B. didnt close; was broken C. wasnt closed; was broken10. Most science books _ in English. A. are written B. is written C .wrote 11. Bob _ by his boss. A .was made to work B. was made work C. made to work12. The little boy _ Jack. A. is called B. called C. is calling13. Water _ into ice. A. can been changed B .can be changed C. can change14. What _ last night ? A. was happening B. happened C. was happened15. The Party _ in 1921 .A. is found B. was founded C .was found 答案：AAA BBB CCC AAA BBB 三、按要求改写句子，每空一词。1. She made her son do his homework after supper. (改为被动语态)Her son _ _ _ _ his homework after supper .2. Is this game often played by them in the afternoon?( 改为主动语态)_ _ often _ this game in the afternoon ?3. You can answer my question after you think it over.(改为同义句)My que