医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说

医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说,首都医科大学应用语言学系,English for Master Students in Medical Universities,Department of Applied Linguistics Capital Medical University,Unit 3,Section A The Internet and Websites Section B Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure,Section A The Internet and Websites,I Reference Answer I1.O 2.K 3.Q 4.R 5.J 6.N 7.B 8.M 9.H 10.T11.L 12.I 13.S 14.C 15.P 16.E 17.G 18.A 19.F 20.D,Section A The Internet and Websites,I. Brainstorming1. link: n. v. 连接，尤其指网络连接 2. subscribe v. 订阅;订购3. folder: n. 文件夹4. database：n. 数据库5. homepage：n. 主页6. spam：n. 垃圾邮件7. URL：统一资源定位符 (Uniform Resource Locator) 是 用于完整地描述Internet上网页和其他资源的地址 的一种标识方法。8. loop：n. 循环9. download：v. 下载,Section A The Internet and Websites,10. clipboard：n. 剪贴板11. bandwidth：n. 带宽12. upload：v. 上传13. ISP：（internet service provider）因特网服务提供商14. FAQ：（frequently asked question）常见问题15. bookmark：n. 书签16. template：n. 模板17. bold：adj. 黑体的18. copyright：n. 版权19. icon：n. 图像；图标20. browser：n. 浏览器,II Pair Work,A: Hi, long time no chat, u seem always online.B: Yeah, whenever I turn on the computer, I log on QQ.A: Where did we leave off last time we chatted?B: cyber snob?A: yep, I remember, There are many guys whose online confidence outgrows their real selves.B: I agree, those cyber snobs turn out to be the opposite in real life. No one knows that you are a dog on the Internet.A: (giggling) Thats right, how long have we been chatting online?B: Three moths, I guess.A: We seem to have lot in common. Do you think we can meet each other?B: You mean to meet face-to-face. R U Kidding?A: Im serious, the timing is perfect.B: Well, if you insist-A: Would you be interested in going to see a software show in Zhong Guancun Square?B: Thats a great idea!A: Ill check on the date and tell you later.B: OK.,Remark on meeting cyber friends, are you for it or against it?,Im for it. Nowadays with the high-speed development of society its hard for people to find a friend in reality, esp. for young people. We seem always busy with work. Thus the internet brings with it a unique opportunity to meet people we likely would never have met in any other way. And very often, those people we meet online will become friends. So why cant we meet a friend and talk with him/her?,Section A The Internet and Websites,III Conversation1. A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.D,Section A The Internet and Websites,IV Group Discussion1. Do you have your own cyber space (webmail account, blog or website etc.)? If you do, talk about it. If not, talk about your plan to devise one. On my blog you can see all about my activities, thoughts, inspirations, ideas, and everything that happened around me ,Section A The Internet and Websites,2. What do you suggest for internet governance, such as intellectual property rights, freedom of expression, spam or cyber crimes etc.?intellectual property rights: Authentication and acknowledgement of authorship must credited, and thus copying material without acknowledgement is a crime.,Section A The Internet and Websites,Freedom of expression: Freedom of expression policies should take into account that people/groups can be held accountable for what they say/do on the internet, especially blogs.,Section A The Internet and Websites,Spam: There is no global consensus on a definition of spam and no global arrangement to address this matter or enable national anti-spam laws to be effective. However, I suggest bilateral and plurilateral agreements between countries to enforce anti-spam laws, share best practices and cooperate on solutions.,Section A The Internet and Websites,V Passage Passage 1 1.F 2.T 3.T4.T5.FPassage 2 collecting links to webpages; sharing thoughts and ideasonline journals or diariesaudio, music, images and video,Section A The Internet and Websites,4. get your own web page；you could publish these comments；the links you find; turn it into a daily journal of thoughts and ideas; make the whole thing available 5. became increasingly mainstream；political consultants；candidates; began to blog to bond with constituents,Section A The Internet and Websites,VI Dialogue 1.D 2.D 3.C,III Culture Link,缩写 含义A/S/L 年龄、性别、所在地B4 在之前BRB 马上回来CYA L8R 再见IMO 以我看来 IMHO 以我肤浅的观点来看,III Culture Link,LOL 大笑ROTFL 笑的在地上打滚TY 谢谢U 你WB 欢迎回来,III Culture Link,俚语 含义troll 聊天室滋扰别人聊天的人mods 版主 spam 垃圾邮件flaming 在网上谩骂,Internet Vocabulary Extension,flood online 灌水book tickets via the Internet 网上订票Did you google today? 你今天google了吗？cyber snob 网上自命不凡的人Dont bug me! 别用病毒攻击我！,Internet Vocabulary Extension,emoticons 脸谱符号F.R.A.N.C.E（Friendshipremains and never can end.) 友谊永存，海枯石烂。MYOB（Mind your own business.) 别管闲事No one knows that you are a dog on the Internet. 在网上没人真正认识你。ubiquitous computing days 后PC时代， 无所不在的计算机,Section B Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure,Background information about Heart Failure,Heart failureHeart failure is a condition that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with blood or pump a sufficient amount of blood through the body. Heart failure is often undiagnosed due to a lack of a universally agreed definition and difficulties in diagnosis, particularly when the condition is considered “mild”. Even with the best therapy, heart failure is associated with an annual mortality of 10%. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65.,Background information about Heart Failure,SymptomsSymptoms are dependent on two factors. The first is based on the side of the heart, right or left, that is involved. The second factor is based on the type of failure, either diastolic or systolic. Symptoms and presentation may be indistinguishable making diagnosis impossible based on symptoms.,Background information about Heart Failure,SignsLeft-sided heart failureSigns on physical exam indicating left ventricular failure are a laterally displaced apex beat (as the heart is enlarged) and a gallop rhythm (additional heart sounds) in case of decompensation. Heart murmurs may indicate the presence of valvular heart disease, either as a cause (e.g. aortic stenosis) or as a result (e.g. mitral regurgitation) of the heart failure.,Background information about Heart Failure,Right-sided heart failureThe exam can reveal peripheral edema, ascites, and hepatomegaly. Jugular venous pressure is frequently assessed as a marker of fluid overload, which can be accentuated by the hepatojugular reflux. Systemic venous pressure in general is elevated, and this can be seen even in veins in the hand, which are distended when dependent, but which will flatten when the force of gravity overcomes right atrial pressure. In failure, the distention may not be relieved even when the hands are held completely overhead. A parasternal heave may be present, signifying the compensatory increase in contraction strength.,Background information about Heart Failure,CausesCauses and contributing factors to congestive heart failure include the following: Causes of heart failureLeft-sided: hypertension (high blood pressure), aortic and mitral valve disease, aortic coarctationRight-sided: pulmonary hypertension (primary pulmonary arterial hypertension versus hypoxic vasoconstriction and capillary destruction due to chronic lung disease), pulmonary or tricuspid valve disease.,Background information about Heart Failure,May affect both sides: Ischemic heart disease (due to insufficient vascular supply, usually as a result of coronary artery disease); this may be chronic or due to acute myocardial infarction (a heart attack), chronic arrhythmias (e.g. atrial fibrillation), cardiomyopathy of any cause, cardiac fibrosis, chronic severe anemia, thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. Left sided failure commonly results in right sided failure.) Sleep apnea through a combination of hypoxemia and hypertension can