2015年最新人教版七年级下册英语必背短语、句型、笔记

2016年七年级英语下册必背短语和句型23Unit 1 Can you play the guitar?必背短语：1 play chess下国际象棋2 play the guitar/piano/violin/drums 弹奏吉他/钢琴/拉小提琴/打鼓（play短语中，乐器名词 前要加the）3 speak English/Chinese 说英语/说中文 （说某种语言用speak）4 join a club 参加俱乐部join us 加入我们（join后面接社团，组织名称或人）5 music club 音乐俱乐部 6 art club 美术俱乐部 7 swimming club 游泳俱乐部8 want to do sth. 想要做某事（后面可以接to do sth. 的动词有：want, need, like, remember记得, learn学习, have to必须 等） 9 be good at sth. / doing sth. 擅长于 be good with sb. 与某人相处友好be good for . 对.有好处10 tell a story/ tell stories 讲故事11 like(love) to do sth./ like(love) doing sth. 喜欢做某事10. school show 学校演出 11. radio show 广播节目 11. talk to sb. 跟某人说12. the old peoples home 敬老院 13. music teacher wanted 招聘音乐老师 14. make friends with sb. 与某人交朋友 .make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 15. call sb. at+电话号码 16. help sb. with sth.= help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做17. on the weekend/ on weekends 在周末 18. on weekdays 在工作日（周一到周五）19. do Chinese kung fu 表演中国功夫 20. school music festival 学校音乐节21. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事22.need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事23.want students for the school show 需要学生参加学校表演 want sb. to do sth. = would like sb. to do sth 想让某人做某事want to join the art club想参加艺术俱乐部24.join two clubs 参加两个俱乐部25.the story telling club 讲故事俱乐部26.That sounds good. 那听起来很好。27.lets join now！ 让我们现在就加入吧！28.what club 什么俱乐部29.write to sb. 给某人写信30.tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某事.tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事31.show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物32.on show 展览33.be busy 忙碌be busy with sth. 忙于某事34.help with sports for English speaking students 在体育方面帮助说英语的学生35.be relaxing 令人放松36.be free = have time 有空.teach sb. English 教某人英语37.teach sb. to do sth. 教某人做某事38.help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事39.need sth. 需要某物40.need to do sth. 需要做某事41.need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事42.on / at weekends 在周末43.talk to / with sb. 和某人谈话44.have a talk 聊天45.say it in English 用英语说它二熟记下列句型必背句型：1.lets go, shall we ?我们一起去，好吗？2.let us go , will you ? 让我们去，好吗/3.What club do you want to join ? 你想参加什么俱乐部？4.I want to join a sports club. 我想参加体育俱乐部。5.What do you want to do ? 你想干什么？6.I want to play basketball . 我想踢足球。7.What can you do ? I can play the guitar .8.Can he do Chinese kung fu ? Yes, I can . / No ,I cant .1. guitar为一种乐器，play the guitar 西洋乐器名词前要加定冠词the。球类运动、棋类、三餐、四季不用定冠词the2. join意为“参加团体、组织（成为其成员）”join in=take part in“参加活动、比赛|”3. go swimming去游泳go+doing 去做某事4. 注意区分：speak, say, talk和tellsay说话 What can you say？speak+语言talk表示两个人或多个人在一起讲话、谈论（多指随意谈论）talk with sb与某人交谈 talk to sb 向某人说 talk about 谈论。tell的意思是“告诉，讲述，吩咐”，讲故事或讲笑话多用tell。5. Show “表演，演出，出示给某人看”， show sth. to sb.=show sb. sth.。6. show作名词，意为“展览，展出”on show “在展出” car show 车展。school show 学校公演fashion show 时装表演；a flower show花展Unit 2 What time do you go to school? 1 go to school 去上学 go to work 去上班 go home 回家 go to bed 去睡觉 2 get up 起床 get home 到家get dressed 穿衣get up early起床早3 brush ones teeth 刷牙4 do ones homework 写作业5 eat(have) breakfast / dinner / lunch 吃早餐/午饭/晚饭6 take/have a shower 冲凉 take a walk 去散步7 at five oclock 在5点整 8 at half past six 在6点半9 a quarter past eight 8点一刻10 a quarter to ten （10点差一刻）9点4511 an interesting job 一份有趣的工作 （job 可数； work 不可数）12 at night/ in the evening在晚上13 be late for work/ school/ class 迟到14 best friend 最好朋友15 clean one room 打扫房间（clean 还有“干净的”意思）16 half an hour 半个钟头17 a lot of= lots of 很多18 eat well 吃得好 eat quickly 吃得快 (副词修饰动词)19 taste good 尝起来很好吃 （感官动词look/ sound/ taste +形容词）20 get home from school 放学回家 21 get home from work 下班回家22 a healthy life 一种健康的生活23 Its time for sth. / Its time to do sth. 该做某事的时候了25.either.or.要么、要么27.radio station 广播电视28.a good /bad habit 好习惯29.live a happy life 过着幸福的生活笔记：连接两个并列主语时：eitheror或者或者.（两者之一）neithernor 既不也不(两者都)not only .but also.不仅.而且.（两者都）三个要用就近原则Not only Lily but also Lucy is my sister而both .and. 和（两者都）谓语动词用复数1. brush teeth刷牙（tooth单数）(三单brushes)2. eat/have breakfast/lunch/dinner吃早餐(一日三餐前不加the)3. Eat a good breakfast.吃了一个丰盛的早餐4. take/have a walk散步5. do homework做家庭作业6. clean my room打扫我的房间7. eat ice-cream吃冰激凌eat a lot of/lots of fruit and vegetables吃许多蔬菜和水果8. do/play sports做运动9. eat quickly快速的吃10. play computer games玩电脑游戏11. an interesting job一份有趣的工作job/work12. at a radio station在一家无线电台13. radio show无线电节目14. at night在晚上15. in the morning in the evening在傍晚24.after that在那之后after lunch午饭后25.on weekends在周末on school days 在上学日26.sometimes有时27.Its time for sth.该了 to do sth.16. much time许多时间（much修饰不可数名词）lots of =a lot of许多；大量（修饰不可数名词或可数名词复数）17. half an hour半小时18. either or或者或者I either watch Tv or do homework on weekends.Either I or he is right./ Either he or I am right.(连接并列主语时，据就近原则)19. It tastes good.它味道很好。20. have a healthy life过着健康的生活（life的复数lives）21. make breakfast for sb.为某人做早饭22. 句型What time do you usually get up?I usually get up at six oclock. What time does he usually get up?He usually gets up at six oclock.When do you have dinner? I have dinner in the evening. When does he have dinner? He has dinner in the evening.23.listen to, hear和sound listen to意为“注意听”，表示有意识地去听，但不一定听得见什么，强调听的动作。 They are listening to the teacher. 他们在听老师说。 hear意为“听见”，强调听的结果。如： Im sorry to hear that. 听到那个消息我很难过。 sound意为“听起来，听上去”，可作系动词+形容词 The music sounds sweet. 这音乐听起来悦耳。24.what time与when的区别 what time “几点”问的是具体的时间，回答要具体到小时。 What time do you go to school? 你什么时候/几点上学？ when提问，回答既可以是具体的时间，也可以是不具体的时间，如：in the morning，last year，in 1998等范围大的时间。例如：When does he take a shower？他什么时候洗澡？ He takes a shower in the morning.他在早上洗澡。 也可用具体时间： I take a shower at 6 oclock in the morning. 我早上六点洗澡。25.英语时间的表达 What is the time? 几点了？Its.1）直接法： 6:10 six-ten 8:50eight-fifty6:00 six oclock（oclock可省） 2）借助介词（to/past） 分钟数+to/past+小时 小于等于30分钟 “past” 超过10:15 a quarter past ten或fifteen past ten 9:30half past nine或thirty past nine大于30分钟“to”差.到. (翻译时要注意时钟要加1) 11:50ten to twelve 9:45a quarter to ten或fifteen to tenUnit 3 How do you get to school?1. 到达某地：get to+地点 arrive in+ 大地点；arrive at+ 小地点2. 交通方式表达法：take the train/ bus/ subway/taxi/ boat to +地点 ride the/ones bike/ drive ones car （放句中）by bike/ train/ subway/ car/ taxi/ boat (放句末)3. walk to school= go to school on foot 走路去上学4. How long 多长时间，针对时间段提问 回答：It takes sb.+时间+ to do sth. 5. How far 多远，针对两地间的距离提问 回答：Its ten kilometers/ miles.英里或Its five minutes walk. 走路5分钟的距离6. bus stop 公交车站 bus station 汽车站7. bus ride 公交车之行8. be far from+地点: 远离某地 Eg: My home is far from school.9. think of 认为10. cross the river 横穿河流11. between. and.在.和.之间12. a 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩13. be afraid of sth. 害怕某物14. be like 像.一样15. leave the village 离开村庄leave home 离开家16. come true 实现17. 不得不 have to 步行去 walk to 18. 多长时间 how long19. 上一封电子邮件 last e-mail20. 骑自行车去上学校21. ride a bike to school=go to school by bike22. 到学校 from your home to school23. 我不确定 Im not sure24. 这是很好的锻炼 Its good exercise25. 有一个美好的一天 have a good day26. 步行去上学 walk to school=go to school on foot27. 开他的车去上班 drive his car to work=go to work by car28. 乘公共汽车去上学 go to school by bus=take a bus to school29. 公共汽车站 bus stop 汽车站 bus station30. 火车站train station地铁站 subway station31. 到他祖父母家 get to his grandparents home32. 认为 think of=think about33. 过河 cross the river34. 做某事很容易 its easy to do sth.35. 在和之间 between.and.36. 乘/坐索道 go on a ropeway37. 害怕某事/某物 be afraid of sth38. 害怕做某事 be afraid to do sth.39. 与玩play with sb.40. 许多学生 many of the students=many students41. 离开村庄leave the village离开我家leave my home42. 因为而感谢 thinks for sth=thinks for doing sth.43. 花某人的时间做某事 t takes sb time to do sth44.post office邮局44. .on Bridge Street在大桥街上45. across from 在的对面46. next to在的旁边47. between the post office and the library在邮局和图书馆之间48. in front of在前面49. on Center Street在中央大街上50. near here在这附近51. go along沿着走52. turn right 向右转53. turn left 向左转54. on ones left在某人的左边55. at the first crossing 56. 在第一个十字路口57. in my neighborhood58. 在我的附近；邻近59. on the right在右边60. turn right/left at the +序数词+crossing.在第几个十字路口向右/左转。句型：1. What do you think of.? = How do you like.? 你认为.怎么样？2. It is +形容词+(for sb.)+to do sth. 做某事对于某人来说是.的3. It is ones dream to do sth. 做某事是某人的梦想I think so 我也这样认为 I dont think so 我不这样认为Its easy /difficult for sb to do sth 对某人而言做什么是很容易/困难的it is easy to get to school到达学校很容易on a ropeway 坐缆索cross the river 穿过河流one 11-year-old boy 一个11岁的男孩 （红色部分为一个形容词 ）Im 11years old 我11岁quickly 动作上快 fast 速度上快 soon时间上快the river runs quickly 河水流的快ten minutes walk / a ten-minute walk =10 minutes on foot 10分钟的路 be afraid to do/ be afraid of sth / doing害怕做某事why not +v原形 = why dont you +v原形 为什么不. how to do it 怎么来做它 what to do 做什么what do you think of =how do you like 你觉得怎么样how long does it take sb to do sth花费某人多长时间做某事crossing the river is 穿过河是（ing型动词做主语谓语动词用单数）2、How do you get to school？你怎样到达学校？交通方式的表达：1) take/ride/drive + a/the +交通工具 take a bus/car2)by +交通工具 by bus/car3)on/in + a/the +交通工具(in:封闭/半封闭/小型工具；on:大型) 4)ride/fly/drive to +交通工具= go to +地点+by+交通工具 walk to+地点= go to+地点on foot. eg: I drive to school every day.= I go to school by car I walk to school every day.= I go to school on foot3、spend, cost, pay 与 take区别(1) spend sb spendon sth或 spend(in) doing sth.意为“某人花时间/金钱做某事”。 eg: I spent 5 dollars on the book.=I spend 5 dollars buying the book.(2) cost sth cost sb some money意为“某物花费某人多少钱”。 eg: The skirt costs her 200 yuan.(3) pay sb pay money for sth.意为“某人为某物付款”。 eg: He paid 1000 yuan for the TV set.(4) take It takes sb time/ money to do sth. eg: It took him seven days to make the big cake.4、Then the early bus takes him to school.taketo意为“把带去” bring.to.把带来.5、how far用来提问距离，意为“多远。How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A? A 到B有多远？ 用长度单位表示 eg: How far is it from your home to the bus stop ? Its five kilometers. 用时间表示 eg: How far is the park from the shop ? Its ten minutes walk. 6、how long 用来提问时间，意为“多久”。 eg: How long have you been in America? For two years. （for+短时间表示“长达”）7、say, speak, talk与tellsay意为“说，讲”说话的内容speak某种语言，（在会上）发言要用speaktalk意为“谈话；交谈”常与with, about或to搭配tell意为“说；告诉”tell sb about sth “告诉某人关于某事tell sb (not )to do sth “告诉某人（不要）做某事”8、look, read, see与watchlook强调“看”的动作，如look at, look like,. look after等read意为“读”，多指看书、看报、看杂志、看图等see侧重于“看”的结果，常用句式：see sb do看见某人做了./doing sth 看见正在做watch意为“观看，注视”，多接比赛、电视等9、there be 句型就近原则There is no bridge=there is not a bride 这儿没有桥10.walk/ride/drive/fly+to+地点名词，步行/骑自行车/开车/坐飞机去某地表示乘交通工具方式可以互换表达相同的意义:Take the bus to school=go to school by bus=go to school on a busDrive a car to work=go to work by car=go to work in a car Fly to shanghai=go to shanghai by plane/air=take the/a plane to shanghai=go to shanghai on a/an/the plane.11.get表示“到达”，后接名词需加to，接地点副词不加to. reach 给示到达，是及物动词，其后直接接宾语。 arrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 后接副词不需介词。12. It takes sb some money/time to do sth.花费某人多少时间/钱做某事 Sb pay some money for sth 某人为某物花费多少钱 Sb spend some time/money on sth 某人在做某事或某物上花费时间/钱Sb spend some time/ money (in)doing sth Sth cost sb some money 某物花费某人多少钱13. How far is it from A to B?=How far is B from A?答语有两种：（1） Itsmeters/miles/kilometers(away)有米/英里/千米（远）（2） It s about ten minutes walk/ ride. 大约有十分钟步行/骑车的路程。14.have to 后加动词原形，侧重客观的需要，有“不得不，被迫”之意，有多种时态形式，否定式为dont have to(neednt)意为“不必”。Must 侧重于说话者的主观看法，认为有必要或有义务做某事，只有现在时一种形式,否定式mustt意为“一定不要，不允许，禁止”反意词为“neednt”。15.感谢用语：Thank you very much , Thanks a lot , Many thanks.回答感谢用语的句子：Thats ok /all right. 不用谢。You are welcome 不客气。 It is my pleasure./My pleasure./It is a pleasure.不客气、那是我的荣幸。/Dont mention it。别在意。 It was nothing at all.那没什么。Unit 4 Dont eat in class.1. in class 在课堂上2. school rules 校规 make rules 制定规则 follow the rules 遵守规则3. arrive late for class 上课迟到4. be on time 准时5. in the hallways 在走廊里 in the dining hall 在餐厅 in the classroom 在教室6. listen to music 听音乐7. fight with sb. 与某人打架8. wear a hat 戴帽子 wear a dress 穿一件连衣裙 wear glasses 戴眼镜9. bring sth. to +地点 把某物带到某地来 take sth. to +地点 把某物带到某地区10. music player 音乐播放器11. have to do sth.不得不；必须做某事12. school uniform 校服13. I see. 我明白了。14. be quiet 安静的 be noisy 吵闹的15. go out 玩出（玩）16. on school nights 在学校（有课）的晚上17. before dinner 晚餐前 after dinner 晚餐后18. before/ after + doing sth. 做某事之前/之后19. too many rules太多规矩 too much homework 太多作业 20. every morning 每天早上21. make ones bed/ make the bed 铺床22. leave sth. +地点 把某物留在某地23. run to school 跑去学校24. make dinner 做饭25. read a book/ read books 读书26. New York 纽约（美国最大城市）27. think about 思考，考虑28. be strict with sb. 对某人严格29. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事30. learn to do sth. 学习做某事 31. keep+形容词：保持某种状态 Keep healthy/ quiet. 32. have fun= have a good time 玩的开心33. Good luck (to you)! 祝你好运！34. I know how you feel. 我知道你的感受。语法：1. 祈使句基本结构：动词原形开头，省略主语。2. 否定形式：Dont +动词原形:Dont eat in class. No+ 名词/动名词:No photos. 不准拍照。No talking. 不要讲话。3. 情态动词：can 能够做某事（表能力）；可以做某事（表请求和允许）4. cant 不能够做某事（表能力）；不可以做某事（表不允许）must 必须做某事 mustnt 不准，禁止做某事笔记： 1.肯定的祈使句：(1) 实义动词原形+其他； (2) be动词原形+形容词+其他； (3) Let sb do sth. 否定的祈使句：(1) Dont+实义动词+原形； (2) Dont be+形容词+其他；(3) Dont let sb do sth (4) No+Ving.练：(1) My mother said to me, “Tom, _ in bed.”A. not read B. doesnt read C. dont read D. didnt read(2) Dont _ (fight). = No _ (fight).2. 不要迟到：Dont arrive late. = Dont be late. (arrive = be)上课/上学不要迟到：Dont arrive (be) late for class/school.3. 主语省略（无主语）：Dont arrive late for class.主语不省略（有主语）：We cant arrive ;ate for class.4. 在学校我们必须穿校服：We have to wear uniforms at school.句型：不得不/必须做某事：have to do sth否定：不必做某事：dont have to do sth穿校服：单数：wear a uniform 复数：wear uniforms练：(1) I cant stop smoking, doctor. For your health, Im afraid you _.A. can B. may C. must D. have to5. 在我家里有太多的规矩：I have too many rules in my house.词组：太多：too many6. 我从来没有任何快乐：I never have any fun.(never译为“从来没有”，表示否定，否定句中表示“任何，一些”，用any)7. 不要大声说话：Dont talk loudly.请大声说：Speak loudly, please.8. 他擅长于唱歌：He is good at singing.句型：擅长于做某事：be good at doing sth9. 表示“地点”的词组：(1) 在教室里：in the classroom 在课堂上：in class(2) 在走廊上：in the hallways 在学校里：at school = in school10. 表示“时间”的词组：(1) 下课后：after class 放学后：after school(2) 在上学的白天/晚上：on school days/nights 比较：at night(3) 到晚上10点钟之前：by 10 oclock p.m.11. (1) with 和； 如：He lives in Beijing with my parents. (不能用and)(2) with 戴着； 如：Do you know the fat man with a hat? (不能用wears)(3) with 有着； 如：Its an old house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)12.fight for 为.而斗 fight against 为反对.而战斗 fight with 与一起战斗 13 go outsider 去外面 14. Its important for sb to do sth 对人而言做是很重要的 15. practice sth/ doing sth 练习/练习做 16.do the dishes 清洗餐具 17. make bed 铺床 18. be strict with sb 对某人严格 19. remember/forget to do sth 记得/忘记要做 remember/forget doing sth 记得/忘记做过 20.follow the rules 遵守规则 21. learn from sb/sth 从.学习 learn to do sth 学会做某事 22.be late for school 上学迟到 23. have to 不得不 dont have to=neednt 不必 （must 的一般疑问句否定回答） 24. school uniform 校服 25.on school nighs 在上学日的晚上 26. too much+不可数名词 “太多” too many +可数名词的复数“太多” much too + 形容词/副词 “太.” 27. in the kitchen 在厨房 28. let/make/have sb do sth 让某人做某事 29.good luck 好运 30.keep+形容词 保持 keep quiet 保持安静=be quiet keep（sb）doing sth 一直做某事 He keeps me waiting for him a long time. 他让我等了他很久 keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事 31.have fun doing sth 很高兴做某事in class :在课堂上；上课时 Dont talk in class.In the class :在班上 There are 40 students in the class.In the classroom :在教室 There is a TV in the classroom.wear: 强调穿的状态+衣服/鞋帽/首饰/发型/眼睛等名词“穿着”put on：强调穿的动作“穿上”drees：vi. 会穿衣 The girl can dress. Vt.给穿衣+sb I dress myself every day. Unit 5 Why do you like koalas?知识要点 1. see the pandas 去看熊猫2. kind of+形容词 有点.3. all kinds of+名词复数 各种各样的4. walk on two legs 两腿直立行走5. be in (great) danger 处于极大的危险中6. save the elephants 拯救大象7. save water 节约用水/save money 省钱8. one of+名词复数 .其中之一（此结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数）9. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事10. lose ones home 失去某人的家园11. over= more than 超过，多于句型：12. Welcome to the zoo! 欢迎来动物园。13. I like tigers a lot. 我非常喜欢老虎。（a lot = very much）14. 提建议句型Why dont you +动原？/ Why not+动原？ 为什么不做某事？Lets +动原！ 让我们去做某事吧！How about/ What about doing sth.? 去做某事怎么样？1.likea lot 非常喜欢 black and white 黑白相间 2.all day整天 Lets do= let us do 让我们做 South Africa南非4.be from/come from 来自于 如： She is from China.=She comes from China.她来自于中国。5. save the elephants救助大象 save ones life 挽救某人的生命 如：I can save the old peoples life.我能挽救这个老人的生命。save money攒钱 save water 节省用水 save the document 保存文件 6.one of其中之一(接复数名词作主语时，动词用单数。名词前必须有定冠词和物主代词。)如：one of my friends one of the books 例句： Shenyang is one of the cities in China.7.a symbol of good luck好运的象征 8.get lost=be lost迷路 相当于lose ones way如：Why does Lily get lost?=Why is Lily lost?/Why does Lily lose her way? 丽丽为什么迷路了 9.cut down 砍倒 接it, them时，只能位于中间;接名词时，位于down前后均可 cut it/them down cut trees down= cut down trees如:People cut trees down=People cut down trees 人们砍倒了树。10.for a long time 很长时间 11.in great danger处于（极大）危险之中 可作表语或定语 12.