LAB5 静态路由.docx

LAB4 静态路由实验目的：1， 正确配置静态路由，看懂路由表。2， 理解负载均衡的概念，实现简单的负载均衡。3， 理解管理距离的概念，学会使用浮动的静态路由。实验要求：1，如图所示配置每台设备的IP地址，要求所有直连互相ping通，路由器串口的IP地址根据路由器的编号定义，如：R1的s0/0口连接的是192.168.12.0网段，那么R1的s0/0口的地址就是19.168.12.1/24,而R2的s0/0口的地址就是192.168.12.2/24。2，在R1，R2，R3，R4上配置静态路由，要求全网互通。R1的静态路由配置必须使用下一跳地址，R2必须使用直连接口，R4使用默认路由。4， R2到R4，R3到R1是否负载均衡，如果不能负载均衡，使用Router(config)#no ip cef和Router(config-if)#no ip route-cache，再观察实验现象。5， 现在要求正常情况下R2和R3使用以太网通信，当以太网链路断开时，自动跳转到串行链路,使用浮动静态路由实现。实验拓扑：实验步骤：1， 如图所示，正确cisco路由器接口的地址，能ping通直连。2， 按照需求写静态路由，实现全网互通：R1必须使用下一跳地址，如下：R1(config)#ip route 192.168.23.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2R1(config)#ip route 192.168.34.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2R1(config)#ip route 172.16.23.0.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.12.2R2必须使用直连接口：如下R2(config)#ip route 192.168.34.0 255.255.255.0 f0/0R2(config)#ip route 192.168.34.0 255.255.255.0 s0/1R3 没有要求，使用cisco推荐的下一跳：R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.23.2R4写默认路由;R4(config)#ip route 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 192.168.34.3此时查看R2和R3的路由表，观察现象，发现到达192.168.34.0/24网段有两个下一跳。R2#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1S 192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 is directly connected, Serial0/1R3#show ip routeCodes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S 192.168.12.0/24 1/0 via 192.168.23.2 1/0 via 172.16.23.2C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1C 192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0同样R3的路由表到达192.168.12.0/24网段的路由有两个下一跳。此时R1和R2到达192.168.12.0/24就实现了负载均衡。在packet tracer5.3中使用模拟模式可以看到负载均衡的实验现象。3，在全网全通的基础上配置R2和R3的浮动的静态路由。R2(config)#no ip route 192.168.34.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0/1R2(config)#ip route 192.168.34.0 255.255.255.0 Serial0/1 5 /5为管理距离，小于默认。R2#sh ip rou 此时查看路由表，观察现象：Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 192.168.12.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1S 192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0 /下一跳现在只有一个。原因是改写了下一跳为s0/1的路由的管理距离。导致管理距离低的路由没有写进路由表。以下为R3的浮动静态路由配置。R3(config)#no ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2R3(config)#ip route 192.168.12.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.23.2 5R3#sh ip rou /查看路由表，192.168.12.0/24的路由也只有一跳。R3#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnetsC 172.16.23.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0S 192.168.12.0/24 1/0 via 172.16.23.2C 192.168.23.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1C 192.168.34.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/0此时我们在R1上ping测试192.168.34.4，看到数据包正常走以太网通过，为了测试以太网断开后是否能自动切换到串行链路，当我们进入交换机shutdown两个接口。Switch(config)#interface range f0/1 -2Switch(config-if-range)#shutdownR2#sh ip rou /此时查看路由表，是看链路故障后，路由表是否发生变化。Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static rou