九年级(基于人教版)中考复习专用--宾语从句

课题九年级语法复习宾语从句主备人学案序号课时数备课组长签字审核人签字学生姓名Onlythosewhohavethepatiencetodosimplethingsperfectlyeveracquiretheskilltododifficultthingseasily. (FriedrichSchiller,GermanDramatistandpoet).只有有耐心圆满完成简单工作的人，才能够轻而易举地完成困难的事。(德国剧作家、诗人席勒.F.)宾语从句定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。1语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1）连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who（m），what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：She asked me if I knew whose pen it was她问我是否知道这是谁的钢笔。2连接词1）当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：He said that he could finish his work before supper他说他会在晚饭前完成工作。2）当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：I dont know if whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。但在下列情况下只能用whether：在具有选择意义，又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether（ifor not也可以使用）。如：I dont know whether if he does any washing or not（I dont know whether or not he does any washing）我不知道他洗不洗衣服。I wonder whether we stay or whether we go我不知道我们是去还是留。在介词之后用whether。如：Im interested in whether he likes English我关心的是他是否喜欢英语。在不定式前用whether。如：He hasnt decided whether to visit the old man他尚未决定是否拜访那位老人。whether置于句首时，不能换用if。如：Whether this is true or not，I cant say这是否真的我说不上来。引导主语从句和表语从句时宜用whether。如：Whether she will come or not is still a question她是否能来还是个问题。The question is whether we can catch the bus问题是我们能否赶上公共汽车。若用if会引起歧义时，则用whether。如：Please let me know if you like the book可理解为：aPlease let me know whether you like the book请告诉我你是否喜欢这本书。bIf you like the book，please let me know你如果喜欢这本书，请告诉我。3）如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词引导。如：Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？3时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The children didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。He asked his father how it happened他问他父亲这件事是如何发生的。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。附：4注意：if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？Sorry，I dont knowWhen he comes back，Ill tell you对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。I dont know if he will come我不知道他是否会来。He will come if it doesnt rain如果不下雨，他会来的。5.简化宾语从句常用六法同学们常会遇到把含有宾语从句的复合句转化为简单句，使其与原句意思相同（或相近）的试题。下面就介绍几种常用的简化宾语从句的方法：方法一：当主句谓语动词是hope， decide， wish， choose， agree， promise等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。例如：Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.方法二：当主句谓语动词是know， learn， remember， forget， tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：She has forgotten how she can open the window. She has forgotten how to open the window.注：当主句谓语动词是tell， ask， show， teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the station？ Could you tell me how to get to the station？方法三：当主句的谓语动词是order（命令），require（需要）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为“名词（代词）+不定式”结构。例如：The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. The headmaster ordered us to start at once.方法四：某些动词后的宾语从句，可以用介词加动名词（短语）等其他形式简化。例如：He insisted that he should go with us. He insisted on going with us.The poor boy doesnt know when and where he was born. The poor boy doesnt know the time and the place of his birth.方法五：某些动词后面的宾语从句可转化为“宾语+V-ing形式（作宾语补足语）”结构。例如：Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. Liu Ping found a wallet lying on the ground.方法六：动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。例如：It seemed that the boys were going to win. The boys seemed to win.除上述方法外，还有一些特殊句式的转化。例如：1. I found that it was difficult to learn English well. I found it difficult to learn English well.2. Soon we found that the ground was covered with thick snow. Soon we found the ground covered with thick snow.3. They found that the box was very heavy. They found the box very heavy. 6. 中考对宾语从句的考查主要集中在以下几个方面：1. 引导宾语从句的连词和代词选择；2. 宾语从句的语序；3. 宾语从句的时态。【考点诠释】 宾语从句在初中英语语法中有着相当重要的地位，几乎每年的中考都有对宾语从句不同角度的考查。一、连接词宾语从句的连接词分为三类：1. 引导陈述句用that（在口语或非正式文体中常常省略）。2. 引导一般疑问句用if或whether。注意：下列几种情况通常使用whether：（1）在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether；（2）在介词之后用whether；（3）在不定式前用whether等。He asked _ they could go to Beijing or not. A. how B. what C. if D. whether答案D解析考查宾语从句的连词用法。在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether,而不用if。3. 引导特殊疑问句，只需用原来的特殊疑问词。一Excuse me，could you tell me_?Theres a bank on the second floorYou can make it there黄冈市A where I can change money B how I can get to the bankC if theres a bank near here Dwhere the bank is答案A解析考查宾语从句的连词用法。根据上下问可知应选A。 二、语序 在含宾语从句的复合句中，不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句，从句一律是用“连接词陈述句语序”，其标点符号由主句来决定。1-Do you know _now? 一In the Peoples Hotel北京市A where is Tom working B where did Tom workCwhere Tom is working Dwhere Tom worked答案C解析考查宾语从句要用陈述句语序。宾语从句要注意两点：从句用陈述句语序；前后时态要一致。故排除A、B，D时态不对，故选C。三、时态请同学们写出宾语从句时态判断的三个原则：1. 。2. 。3. 。4. 情态动词could / would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。Excuse me, could you tell me when _the new Olympic Center? 沈阳市 A are we visited B will we visit C we are visited D we will visit答案D。 解析考查宾语从句的用法。从句要用陈述句语序，而且时态要与主句一致。从句意看本句不能用被动语态，故排除A、C。本题考查的是以when引导的宾语从句。B没用陈述句语序，故排除，此处could只表委婉的语气，并不表过去。-Could you tell me whom the radio _by? 一Sorry，I have no idea福州市A invents B invented C is invented Dwas invented答案D。解析考查宾语从句的时态和语态的用法。从句中的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者，这时应使用被动语态，这样A、B两项可以排除。我们还应考虑到，收音机的“发明”一定是过去的事情，所以该句的时态应是一般过去时，谓语的构成为“waswere+动词的过去分词”。（年河北）I didnt understand _, so I raised my hand to ask.A. what my teacher says B. what does my teacher sayC. what my teacher said D. what did my teacher say答案为C。本题为宾语从句，由于需要用陈述语序可排除B、D；另外，主句时态为一般过去时，则从句也要用对应的过去时态，故还可排除A。四、否定转移 当宾语从句表示否定的意义时，若主句主语为第一人称且谓语动词是think / believe / suppose / expect等时，应在主句上加以否定。例：I think. He wont come tomorrow. (合并为一句) I dont think he will come tomorrow.7. 【语法过关】一、单项选择1. Did you hear _? A. what did I say B. what I said C. I said what D. what I say 2. Can you tell me _? A. which class you are in B. which class are you in C. you are in which class D. are you in which class 3. -Excuse me. Could you tell me _? - Certainly. A. when can I get to the station B. I can get to which station C. which station can I get to D. how I can get to the station 4. Could you tell me where _ yesterday? A. did you go B. you go C. you have gone D. you went 5. Tom asked me _. A. whose shirt was this B. whose shirt this was C. who shirt was this D. who shirt this was 6. Excuse me, could you tell me _? A. wheres the teachers office B. wheres the bus station C. whats she doing D. where the post office is 7. I want to see Mrs. Wang , but I dont know _. A. she lives where B. she where lives C. where she lives D. where does she live 8. - Go and ask Mr. White for help. - But I dont know _. A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where is he living D. he lives there 9. - Can you tell me _? - Yes, he lives in a small town. A. where he lives B. who is singing C. when he will leave D. what he said 10. Have you decided _ for London? A. when will you leave B. when you will leave C. when are you going D. when you are going 11. Excuse me. Could you tell me _our tickets? A. where do we show B. where shall we show C. where did we show D. where we shall show 12. - What are you interested in about cooking food? - We are all interested in _. A. how egg is fried B. how is egg fried C. how egg fries D. how does egg fry 13. Do you know _? A. what it is B. what is it C. who is he D. whose name is it 14. Do you know _? A. whose book is this B. whose book this is C. this book is whose D. whos book this is 15. I dont know _ now. A. where is my cat B. my cat is where C. where my cat is D. where my cat 16. Does he know _? A. whats your name B. what name is your C. what your is name D. what your name is 17. Do you know _? A. which floor he lives B. which floor he lives on C. he lives on which floor D. which floor does he lives on 18. Can you tell me where _? A. is the hospital B. the hospital is C. is hospital D. hospital is 19. He hasnt decided _. A. if hell go on a trip to Wuxi B. when will he go on a trip to Wuxi C. if he goes on a trip to Wuxi D. when does he go on a trip to Wuxi 20. Can you see _? A. what hes reading B. what is he reading C. what does he read D. he reads what 二、中考题集： 1. - When are the Shutes leaving for New York? -Pardon? - I asked _. A. when are the Shutes leaving for New York B. when the Shutes are leaving for New York C. when were the Shutes leaving for New York D. when the Shutes were leaving for New York 2. Could you tell me _? I have something interesting to tell him. A. where is Li Hong B. where Li Hong is C. where was Li Hong D. where Li Hong has been to 3. - Could you tell me _? A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving C. which animal does he like best D. what time will the dolphin show start 4. I want to know _. A. what is his name B. whats his name C. that his name is D. what his name is 5. He asked me _. A. if she will come B. how many books I want to have C. they would help us do it D. what was wrong with me 6. Do you still remember _ at the meeting? A. that Jim said B. what Jim said C. did Jim said that D. what did Jim said 7. - Excuse me, _ to the nearest bookshop, please? - Go straight and take the second turning on the left. A. where the way is B. which the way is C. where is the way D. which is the way 8. Mike, go and see who _ football on the playground. A. is playing B. plays C. played D. were playing 9. The woman still doesnt know what _ in her hometown while she was away. A. happens B. happened C. will happen D. was happened 10. - Can I help you? - Yes. Id like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me _take to get there? A. how soon will it B. how soon it will C. how long it will D. how long will it 11. - I hear well have a new teacher this term. - Really? Do you know _? A. what subject does he teach B. what subject will he teach C. what subject he teaches D. what subject is he going to teach 12. He asked his teacher _. A. if there was a monster in Loch Ness B. when was Albert Einstein born C. how would the scientists find out the result D. where could he find the library 13. Do you know _ over there? A. what happens B. what was happened C. what is happening D. what did happen 14. - Do you know _ we will arrive at your hometown? - This afternoon. A. when B. why C. if D. where 15. Could you tell me _ to Mount Putuo tomorrow? A. how you will go B. how will you go C. how you have gone D. how have you gone 16. Could you tell me _? A. which room he lives B. which room he lived C. which room did he live in D. which room he lives in 17. - Do you know _ he is? - He says “1.75 metres”, but Im not sure. A. how many B. how old C. how far D. how tall 18. She said she _ me five letters in one month. A. has written B. will write C. had written D. wrote 19. Can you tell me _ she is waiting for? A. why B. whose C. whom D. which 20. I dont know _ he still lives here. A. where B. what C. when D. whether 21. - Be careful! Dont break the bottles. Do you hear _ I said, David? - Yes, mum. A. what B. that C. why D. if 22. Id like to know _. A. when will he give back the tape B. whether has he received higher education C. that he has been busy D. whether she will join in our English evening 23. Could you tell me _? A. when shall we start B. who are you waiting for C. where the bus station is D. why were you late 24. - Do you know _? Im going to see him. - Sorry, I dont know. A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived 25. He asked me _. A. who did kick the first goal in the World Cup B. when was the APEC meeting held C. when China became a member of the WTO D. where will the 2008 Olympics be held 26. She wanted to know _ her mother liked the present. A. which B. that C. if D. what 27. Could you tell me _? A. who is she B. wheres the nearest fast restaurant C. if he will come tomorrow D. which way is to the underground station 28. Do you know if _ back next week? If he _ back, please let me know. A. he comes, will come B. will he come, comes C. he will come, comes D. will he come, will come 29. - Can you tell me why _? - Because I want to help the people there. A. do you go to Tibet B. did you go to Tibet C. are you going to Tibet D. you are going to Tibet 30. - Where does he come from? - Pardon? - I asked where _.