语法精讲：使役动词.docx

精品文档通常我们说使役动词,指的是make, have, let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.但具有使役意义的动词数量上远不止这些,用法也较灵活,现将其分类叙述如下,使役动词have, let, make （常用于复合结构） 1have的用法 1). have +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will, would连用,不用于被动结构. The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants. I will have him come and help you. 2). have+宾语+现在分词：表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事. The two cheats had the lights burning all night long. He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday. I have them all talking to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈. 3). have +宾语+过去分词：表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事. Tom said he had had his TV set repaired. Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday. “别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1）的区别所在.试比较： Have you washed your clothes? 你洗了衣服了吗?（自己洗） Have you had your clothes washed? 你叫人洗了衣服了吗?（别人洗）4). have+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补 Please have your tickets ready. The Emperor had nothing on. I am sure Ill have him in the argument. 2let的用法 1). let +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补. Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves. Let AB be equal to CD. 假设AB等于CD. 2). let+宾语+副词/介词短语作宾补 Let me in and let them out. Who let you into the building? 3make的用法 1). make +宾语+省to不定式：表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补. The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour. The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour. 2).make+宾语+过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词. He raised his voice to make himself heard. Can you easily make yourself understood in English? They will make an important plan known to the public soon. 3). make+宾语+形容词,宾语亦可是从句. The news made her happy. He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.1.make译为使的时候，结构为：makesb.dodonesth.主要看是主动还是被动。比如：Hemakeshissonreadeverynight.Theboyshoutedtomakehimselfheard.但是，如果make是被动的话，结构为sb.bemadetodo比如：Hissonwasmadetoreadbyhimverynight.没有makesthdone这种形式，一般用makesthdo这种表达法，表示使某物怎样makesth+过去分词,表示使.处于某中状态.例如:Whatmakehimsofrightened?什么使他如此害怕?make常见用法如下:make作为及物动词，有一种特殊用法，即“使役用法”，在表示“使（要）某人（事物）做什么（怎么样）”时，它除了要有一个“宾语”之外，还要求宾语后面带上一个宾语补足语，整个句子才能完整，即“宾语宾语补足语”可作宾语补足语的词或词组有：1、动词原形，即不带to的动词不定式，这是考试中常考到的,如：Hemademestaywithhim。他让我和他在一起。2、形容词（词组）如：Hetriedtomakethemhappy.他设法使他们高兴。3、名词（词组）如：AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只有工作没有娱乐使杰克脑子极为迟纯。（只工作不学习，聪明的孩子也变傻）。4、有时可用介词短语。如：Heaskedustomakeourselvesathome.他要我们不要拘束。5、过去分词如：Whatmakehimsofrightened?是什么原因令他如此害怕？makesthdo/makesbdo使.做.makeitfly使它飞起来makemecry把我弄哭了makesth+adj.bemadetodo.被要求去做.Hewasmadetocleantheroom.他被要求去打扫房间.makeoneselfp.p让自己被(别的人)理解/听到.makemyselfunderstood(使别人能)明白我makehimselfheard(使别人能)听到他2.let译为让，通常的结构为letsb.do，很少用在被动中。3.have译为让，有如下结构havesbdo,让某人做havesbdoing,让某人一直做havesthdone,可以指让某做被做，也可以指遇到不幸。比如：ihadm