unit 4 globalization

Globalization,Unit4,InSearchofDavosMan,Unit4,GR_PartDivisionoftheText,PartDivisionoftheText,Part,Para(s),MainIdeas,1,13,2,45,IntroductiontoDavosManandtheWorldEconomicForum.,Debateovertheimpactofglobalizationoncurrentsocietyandculture.,3,68,Historyofglobalizationanditsrecenttrendsandfutureprospects.,4,911,Globalizationversusnationalismandthechallengesitfaces,DR_Text1,Globalizationissweepingasidenationalbordersandchangingrelationsbetweennations.Whatimpactdoesthishaveonnationalidentitiesandloyalties?Aretheystrengthenedorweakened?Theauthorinvestigates.,WilliamBrowderwasborninPrinceton,NewJersey,grewupinChicago,andstudiedatStanfordUniversityinCalifornia.ButdontcallhimanAmerican.Forthepast16ofhis40yearshehaslivedoutsidetheU.S.,first,InSearchofDavosMan,PeterGumbel,“Nationalidentitymakesnodifferenceforme,”hesays.“Ifeelcompletelyinternational.Ifyouhavefourgoodfriendsandyoulikewhatyouaredoing,itdoesntmatterwhereyouare.Thatsglobalization.”,DR_Text2,firstinLondonandthen,from1996,inMoscow,whereherunshisowninvestmentfirm.Browdernowmanages$1.6billioninassets.,In1998hegaveuphisAmericanpassporttobecomeaBritishcitizen,sincehislifeisnowcenteredinEurope.,DR_Text3,AlexMandlisalsoaferventbelieveringlobalization,butheviewshimselfverydifferently.AformerpresidentofATthecorporationsandcountriesthatbenefitedfromitwerelargelycontenttotreatvastpartsoftheworldasplacestominenaturalresourcesorsellfinishedproducts.Evenastheglobalizationofcapitalacceleratedinthe1980s,most,Howeverthepasttwodecadeshavewitnessedtheriseofothersignificantplayers.ThedevelopedworldisbeatingapathtoChinasandIndiasdoorandChineseandIndiancompanies,inturn,havestartedtolookoverseasforsomeoftheirfuturegrowth.Beijinghasevenstartedwhatitcallsa“GoingOut”policythatencouragesChinesefirmstobuyassetsoverseas.Asiannationsarecreating“aremarkableenvironmentofinnovation,”graduating,mostforeigninvestmentwasbetweenrelativelywealthycountries,notfromwealthycountriesintopoorerones.U.S.technology,companiesandmoneywereoftenattheforefrontofthismovement.,DR_Text8,DR_Text9,saysJohnChambers,chiefexecutiveofCiscoSystems.“ChinaandIndiaaregraduatingcurrentlymorethanfivetimesthenumberofengineersthatwearehereintheU.S.”ThatmeansthatU.S.andEuropeancompaniesarenowfacinghigh-quality,low-costcompetitionfromoverseas.NowondersomanyWesternworkersworryaboutlosingtheirjobs.“Iftheissueisthesizeofthetotalpie,globalizationhasprovedagoodthing,”saysOritGadiesh,chairmanofconsultantsBainrefusetopayattentionto,他们对所有的反对意见不予理睬。,Theysweptalltheobjectionsaside.,Anyway,bythenshewassurethatJuliuswouldsimplyhavesweptanycurbsaside.,DR_word_sweepaside2,Collocation：,扫清，迅速消灭,sweepaway,扫掉，清除,sweepout,眺望，环视,sweepover,打扫干净，收拾干净,sweepup,DR_word_strengthen,strengthen:vt.becomestrongerormakestrong(er),Wemuststrengthentheweaklinks.,ThePresidentsfirstprioritywastostrengthentheeconomy.,en-或-en表示“使-”如：encourageenforce实施softensadden,DR_word_asset1,asset:n.1)(usupl)moneyorpropertythatapersonorcompanyowns,Copyrights,patents,trademarks,brandnames,andtradesecretsareallpartofacompanysintangibleassets.,目前，他们的资产有623万美元。,Currently,theyhave$6,230,000inassets.,2)anadvantageoraresource,Asenseofhumorisanimportantassetforanyteacher.,Themostpowerfulassetwehaveisourskilled,dedicatedworkforce.,DR_word_asset2,Collocation：,资本/固定资产,capital/fixedassets,现金资产,cashassets,流动资产,liquid/circulating/currentassets,净资产,netassets,DR_word_makeondifference,makeno/littledifference:haveno/littleeffect(on),beofno/littleimportance(to),Thatdoesnotmeanitmakesnodifferencetosocialwelfarewhichruleswesettleupon.,姚明的缺席似乎对休斯顿火箭队没有太大的影响。,TheabsenceofYaoMingseemedtomakelittledifferencetotheperformanceoftheHoustonRockets.,DR_word_identifyas,identifyas:recognizeandcorrectlynamesomeoneorsth.,HisaccentidentifiedhimasaFrenchman.,Thepolicemanidentifiedhimasthethief.,DR_word_elite,lite:n.agroupofpeoplewhohavealotofpowerandinfluencebecausetheyhavemoney,knowledge,orspecialskills,这些人构成了有决定权的精英集团。,Thesepeopleformanelitewhohavethepowertomakedecisions.,Collocation:,political/social/economicelite,政治/社会/经济精英,Onlyasmallelitecanaffordtosendtheirchildrentothisschool.,DR_word_ahandfulof,ahandfulof:averysmallnumberofpeopleorthings,Thatplacewasoflittleinterest.Ionlytookahandfulofpictures.,Whatcountsishavingahandfulofyoungthatareexceptional.,DR_word_earnest1,earnest:adj.markedbyorshowingdeepsincerityorseriousness,你可以笑，但我绝对是认真的。,YoumaylaughbutImindeadlyearnest.,Collocation:,inearnest,郑重地，严肃认真,FriendsdescribedJacksonasanearnest,hard-workingyoungman.,earnest指严肃，认真，含诚恳和热情意味。例如:serious具有关键、严肃或严重意义的事情。例如:,DR_word_earnest2,我们认真考虑安全建议。,earnest,serious,severe这三个形容词均有“严肃的”之意。,CF:,Icouldtellshewasspeakinginearnest.,我看得出来她的话是当真的。,Wegiveseriousconsiderationtosafetyrecommendations.,severe指面孔的严肃，法律的严厉，伤病的严重。着重严厉性，无丝毫温情。例如:,DR_word_earnest3,Manypeoplefeelthepunishmentshouldhavebeenmoresevere.,许多人认为惩罚本应该更加严厉些。,DR_word_considerable,considerable:adj.fairlylarge,especiallylargeenoughtohaveaneffectorbeimportant,Attractingtouriststotheareaisgoingtotakeconsiderableeffort.,Aconsiderableamountofresearchwasdoneherebyoursciencedepartment.,DR_word_interconnect,interconnect:vi.connecttoorwitheachother,Ouroperatingsystemcannowinterconnectwithothernetworks.,人们的生活是如何互相联系在一起的,真是不可思议。,Itsstrangehowpeopleslivesinterconnect.,DR_word_advantageous,advantageous:adj.helpfulandlikelytomakeyousuccessful,Manybuscompaniesprovideadvantageousfareticketsespeciallyfortourists.,你会发现等几周再作答复是很有好处的。,Youmayfinditadvantageoustowaitafewweeksbeforereplying.,NB:,“advantageous”的名词形式为“advantage”。与其搭配常用的短语是：“havetheadvantageof”“有优势”;“takeadvantageof”“（以不正当手段）利用，占便宜”,DR_word_entitle1,entitle:vt.1)giveatitleto给题名，给取名,Full-timeemployeesareentitledtoreceivehealthinsurance.,他们有资格享有许多优惠和特权。,Theyareentitledtoenjoymanyadvantagesandprivileges.,2)givesomeonetheofficialrighttodoorhavesth.,HeentitledthebookTheSecretGarden.,ShewasreadingapoementitledAuguriesofInnocence.,DR_word_entitle2,Pattern:,beentitled叫做,称为beentitledto(do)sth.对享有权利/有资格,DR_word_vanish1,vanish:vi.disappearsuddenly,especiallyinawaythatcannotbeeasilyexplained,Mykeyswerehereaminuteagobutnowtheyvevanished.,Theplanevanishedfromradarscreenssoonaftertakingoff.,vanish语气强，指完全、往往是神秘而突然的消失，不留任何蛛丝马迹。disappear普通用词，强调从视线或脑海中消失。这消失可能是暂时的、突然的或永久的，视上下文而定。,vanish,disappear,evaporate这三个动词均有“消失”之意。,CF:,Drugswontmakethepainaltogether,buttheywillhelp.2.Allhopesoffindingtheboyalivehave.3.Hopesofachievingpeacearebeginningto.,evaporate指像水蒸发时那样悄然逝去，也指某人悄悄地、突然退出或离去。,DR_word_vanish2,vanish,disappear,evaporate这三个动词均有“消失”之意。,CF:,Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.,disappear,_,vanished,_,evaporate,_,DR_word_vanish3,Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.,4.Beforeshecouldscream,themanhadintothenight.5.13year-oldNicolafromherhomeonSaturdaynight.6.Theythenfanthewatersothatitandindoingsolowersthetemperature.7.Bythetimeofthetrial,thetapehadmysteriously.,disappeared,_,vanished,_,evaporates,_,disappeared,_,vanish,disappear,evaporate,CF:,DR_word_facilitate,facilitate:vt.makeiteasierforaprocessoractivitytohappen,Bothcentersareelectronicallylinkedtofacilitatecommunication.,学校都建在同一校区内，以便资源共享。,Schoolswerelocatedinthesamecampustofacilitatethesharingofresources,小事，不要紧的东西,DR_word_atoddswith,atoddswith:inconflictwith;disagreeingorquarrellingwith,Thegovernmentdecisiontoraisetaxeswasatoddswiththeirpoliciesoninflation.,Briggsfoundhimselfatoddswithhiscolleagues.,Collocation：,矛盾，不一致,atodds,没有关系，无关紧要,itmakesnoodds,占优势,takeodds,oddsandends,DR_word_becommittedto,becommittedto:promisetodo(sth.);bedevotedto,Alotofmoneyhasbeencommittedtothisproject.,中国承诺发展低碳经济。,Chinaiscommittedtopursuingalowcarboneconomy.,DR_word_endorse,endorse:vt.givesupportorapprovalto,ThePrimeMinisterisunlikelytoendorsethisview.,Ifullyendorsethemeasurestakentoimprovesafetystandards.,Collocation：,赞成提议/想法/候选人,endorseaproposal/anidea/acandidate,背书支票,endorseacheque,DR_word_erase1,erase:vt.removebyorasifbyrubbing,wipeout,没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。,Nothingcanerasetheincidentfromhismemory.,Theirdreamistoerasepovertyandinjusticefromtheworld.,erase指“把写的或画的痕迹擦去或刮掉”,用于比喻意义时,指“从记忆中抹去”,例如:,erase,delete这两个动词都有“去掉，抹去”之意。,CF:,Heerasedthewronganswerandwroteintherightone.,他擦去了错误答案,写上了正确答案。,erase指“把写的或画的痕迹擦去或刮掉”,用于比喻意义时,指“从记忆中抹去”,又如：delete指“去掉、擦掉(字迹等)”、“勾掉、删掉(字句等)”,例如:,DR_word_erase2,没有什么东西可以使他忘记那件事。,erase,delete这两个动词都有“去掉，抹去”之意。,CF:,Nothingcanerasetheincidentfromhismemory.,如果你删去几个字,我们可把整个故事写在一页上。,Ifyoudeleteseveralwords,wecanputthewholestoryononepage.,DR_word_accelerate,accelerate:v.(causeto)movefasterorhappenearlier,选手们跑过弯道时平稳地加速。,Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyroundthebend.,Therunnersacceleratedsmoothlyroundthebend.,Antonym：decelerate减速ascend上升descend下降,跃居最前列,DR_word_forefront,forefront:n.theforemostpartorarea,Thecompanyhasalwaysbeenattheforefrontofscienceandtechnology.,Companiescompetetostayattheforefrontofresearchanddevelopment.,Collocation：,位于最前列，成为领导力量,at/in/totheforefront(ofsth),使保持在最前列,keepsb/sthat/in/to,comeinto/to,Thewitnesswasaskedtoidentifythedefendantinthecourtroom.,DR_word_witness,witness:1.vt.bepresentandsee,Thecrashwaswitnessedbyscoresofholidayweekendersalongthebeach.,2.n.someonewhoseesacrimeoranaccidentandcandescribewhathappened,Policehaveappealedforwitnessestocomeforward.,20世纪80年代，电子传媒得到了空前的发展。,The1980switnessedanunprecedentedincreaseinthescopeoftheelectronicmedia.,DR_word_beatapathto1,beatapathto/beatdownsbsdoor:ifpeoplebeatapathtoyourdoor,theyareinterestedinsth.youareselling,aserviceyouareproviding,etc.,现在她已经成名,她家门庭若市。,Nowthatshehasbecomefamous,allsortsofpeoplewillbebeatingapathtoherdoor.,Thenewdesignwassupposedtohaveconsumersbeatingapathtotheirdoor.,DR_word_beatapathto2,Pattern:,beatapathto/beatdownsbsdoor门庭若市beatabigdrumfor/about为鼓吹，为大肆宣传beatabargain还价成交,DR_word_remarkable1,remarkable:adj.unusualorsurprisingandthereforedeservingattentionorpraise,Clarkdidaremarkablejobsettingthingsupforthemeeting.,Shehasmaderemarkableprogress.,remarkable通常指因有与众不同的特点或优越性而引起人们注意或称道。outstanding通常指与同行或同类的人相比显得优秀或杰出，或具有他人或别的事物所没有的特征。striking强调能给观察者产生强烈而深刻印象。,remarkable,outstanding,striking这三个形容词均有“显著的，引人注意的”之意。,CF:,Fromtheoutside,themostaspectofthebuildingisitstall,slendertower.2.Itsaachievementforthecompany.3.Thelowestranksofsocietyshowedthemostandsignificantcontrasts.4.Withhermassofblackhairandpaleskinshelookedvery.,DR_word_remarkable2,remarkable,outstanding,striking,CF:,Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.,striking,_,remarkable,_,striking,_,striking,_,DR_word_remarkable3,Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.,5.Thebookisaseriesofinterviewswithartistsandwriters.6.Hisdrawingsarefortheiraccuracy.7.Shewouldcreatesomethingspecial,somethingforher.,outstanding,_,remarkable,outstanding,striking,CF:,remarkable,_,outstanding,_,Thebirthofachildisanimportantlandmarkinthelivesofallconcerned.,DR_word_landmark,landmark:n.1)sth.thatiseasytorecognize,suchasatalltreeorbuilding,andthathelpsyouknowwhereyouare,TheWashingtonMonumentisapopularhistoricallandmark.,这座塔曾是船只的陆标。,Thetowerwasoncealandmarkforships.,2)oneofthemostimportantevents,changes,ordiscoveriesthatinfluencessomeoneorsth.,TheReformandOpenDoorPolicyhasbecomealandmarkinChinesehistory.,小孩的出世是所有相关人生活中一件大事。,DR_word_overtake1,overtake(overtook,overtaken):1.v.gopastamovingvehicleorpersonbecauseyouaregoingfasterthanthemandwanttogetinfrontofthem,Televisionsoonovertookthecinemaasthemostpopularformofentertainment.,Twotrucksovertakingoneanotherbrushedhimtotheside.,2.vt.catchupwithorpassaftercatchingupwith,Beforeyoustarttoovertake,makesuretheroadisclearaheadofyou.,在工业产量方面德国迅速超过了英国。,GermanyrapidlyovertookBritaininindustrialoutput.,DR_word_overtake2,NB:,前缀over可以放在名词，动词，形容词前边表达“toomuch过分”的含义。例如:“overpopulation”“人口过剩”;“overwork”“过度工作”；“overweight”“超重的”。,DR_word_displace,displace:vt.taketheplaceof;supplant,Coalhasbeendisplacedbynaturalgasasamajorsourceofenergy.,Someofthecompaniesthathavebeendisplacedhave,intheirtime,displacedothers.,DR_word_elsewhere,elsewhere:adv.in,at,ortoanotherplace,Hellworkasafreelanceconsultant,unlesshefindsabetterjobelsewhere.,我们最喜欢去的那家饭店客满了,因此不得不改去别处。,Ourfavouriterestaurantwasfullsowehadtogoelsewhere.,DR_word_patriotic,patriotic:adj.feeling,orexpressing,inspiredbyloveofforonescountry,Relativesrememberedhimasadeeplypatrioticman.,Thepresidentialcandidatesaidpayinghighertaxeswasapatrioticact.,DR_word_letalone,letalone:muchless;nottomention,他连带领保龄球队的本事都没有，更别提领导国家了。,Hewasincapableofleadingabowlingteam,letaloneacountry.,Manythousandsofchildrenhadneverevenseen,letalon