瓦尔登湖—梭罗 解析

,Content,HenryDavidThoreauWalden(1)introduction(2)appreciationReference,HenryDavidThoreau(1817-1862),Americanauthor,poet,philosopher,abolitionist（废奴主义者）,naturalist,developmentcritic,historiantranscendentalist（历史超验主义者）,LifeandCareer,Birth:Concord,Massachusetts,July12,1817Education:Harvard(1833-1837)Makingpencils;runningaprivateschool;meetingwithEmerson;deliveringspeeches;workingasalandsurveyorIn1845,hebeganatwo-yearresidenceatWaldenPondDeath:1862InductedintotheHallofFame（名人堂）in1969,MajorWorks,AWeekontheConcordandMerrimackRivers(1839)在康科德河和梅里马克河的一周“CivilDisobedience”(1849)抵制国民政府Walden;/LifeintheWoods(1854)瓦尔登湖APleaforCaptainJohnBrown(1859)Excursions(1863)远足TheMaineWoods(1864)缅因森林CapeCod(1865)科德角,Transcendentalism,Aphilosophicalmovementthatdevelopedinthe1830sand1840sintheNewEnglandregionoftheUnitedStatesasaprotesttothegeneralstateofcultureandsociety,IdeasandThought,Placingemphasisonspirit,ortheoversoulasthemostimportantthingintheuniverseStressingtheimportanceofindividualOfferingafreshperceptionofnatureasasymbolicofthespiritorGod,Majorfigures,RalphWaldoEmerson拉尔夫.瓦尔多.爱默生HenryDavidThoreau亨利.大卫.梭罗MargaretFuller玛格丽特.富勒AmosBronsonAlcott奥尔科特TheodoreParker.帕克,WaldenPictures,Walden,Publishedin1854RecountingthetwoyearsandtwomonthsThoreauspentatWaldenPondfrom1845to1847Compressing26monthsintoasingleyear,withthepassageoffourseasonstosymbolizehumandevelopmentcollectionof18essays,Theme,areflectionuponsimplelivinginnaturalsurroundingspartofpersonaldeclarationofindependence,socialexperiment,voyageofspiritualdiscovery,satire,andmanualforselfreliance,emphasizestheimportanceofsolitude,contemplation,andclosenesstonatureintranscendingthedesperateexistencemainlyexpressesacritiqueofconsumerismandcapitalism.Itpraisestheimportanceofself-reliance.Hedoesnotperceivenatureasadeadandpassiveobjectofconquestandexploitation.,Writingtechniques,usesurgicallypreciselanguage,extended,longandcomplexparagraphsandsentences,andvivid,detailed,andinsightfuldescriptionsrhetoricaldevices：metaphors,allusions,understatement,hyperbole,personification,irony,satire,metonymy,synecdoche,andoxymoronsshiftfromascientifictoatranscendentalpointofviewinmid-sentence,WritingStyle,Lucid（清晰易懂）,simplywrought（精炼）,andunpretentious（含蓄的）ToldbyacredibleandforthrightfirstpersonnarratorAsinnovativeandfreeashissocialthought;Aprivatewriterhungeringforalargeaudience;PropheticVoice（预言式语言）,PhilosophicalThinking,Seeingnatureasagenuinerestorative,healthyinfluenceonmansspiritualwell-beingDisgustedwith“theinundationsofthedirtyinstitutionsofmensodd-fellowsociety”.厌恶男性肮脏时代的泛滥HatinghumaninjusticeCriticizingmoderncivilizationAdvocationsimplicityBelievinginself-cultureandhumanperfectibility,瓦尔登湖佳句片段欣赏：,1、Ah,thepickerel（梭鱼）ofWalden!whenIseethemlyingontheice,orinthewellwhichthefishermancutsintheice,makingalittleholetoadmitthewater,Iamalwayssurprisedbytheirrarebeauty,asiftheywerefabulousfishes,theyaresoforeigntothestreets,2、TimeisbutthestreamIgoa-fishingin.Idrinkatit;butwhileIdrinkIseethesandybottomanddetecthowshallowitis.Itsthincurrentslidesaway,buteternityremains.时间只是我垂钓的溪。我喝溪水，喝水时候我看到它那沙底，它多么浅啊。它的汨汨的流水逝去了，可是永恒留了下来。,3、IwenttothewoodsbecauseIwishedtolivedeliberately,tofrontonlytheessentialfactsoflife,andseeifIcouldnotlearnwhatithadtoteach,andnot,whenIcametodie,discoverthatIhadnotlived.4、Ididnotwishtolivewhatwasnotlife,livingissodear;nordidIwishtopracticeresignation,unlessitwasquitenecessary.,梭罗的理想生活模式及其主张,1.鼓励人们要简化生活，将时间腾出来深入生命，品味人生。2.对工业文明、喧嚣社会挤压人类、侵蚀人性心怀忧虑，认为人类只有过简单淳朴的生活，才能享受到内心的轻松和愉悦3.瓦尔登湖不仅是梭罗生活的栖息场所，也是他精神的家园、心灵的故乡。4.梭罗注重生活的自由，他喜欢在